Ancient poetry includes poems, lyrics and music.
1. From the form of poetry, it can be divided into:
① Ancient poetry, including ancient poetry (poems before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poetry. Note that poems in ancient poetry genres such as "ge", "gexing", "yin", "qu", and "瀬" also belong to ancient poetry. Ancient poetry does not focus on antithesis and rhymes more freely. The development trajectory of ancient poetry: "The Book of Songs" → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties folk songs → Jian'an poetry → Tao Shi and other literati five-character poems → the ancient style and new Yuefu of the Tang Dynasty.
② Modern poetry, including verses and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as poetry, long and short sentences, tunes, tune lyrics, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tune has a definite pattern, the sentences have a definite number, and the words have a definite tone. Depending on the number of words, it can be divided into long tune (more than 91 words), middle tune (59-90 words), and small tune (within 58 words). Words can be divided into monotonic and bimodal. Bimodal is divided into two paragraphs. The two paragraphs are equal or roughly equal in number of words. Monotonous only has one paragraph. A section of a word is called a que or a piece. The first section is called the front que, the upper que, and the upper piece. The second section is called the back que, the lower que, and the lower piece.
④ Qu, also known as Ciyu and Yuefu. Yuan opera includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu originated in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style is similar to the lyrics. Features: You can add lining words to the fixed number of words, and mostly use spoken language. Sanqu includes two types: Xiaoling and Taoshu (set of songs). A set is a continuous set of tunes, at least two tunes, and as many as dozens of tunes. Each set uses the tune of the first song as the name of the complete set, and the whole set must be of the same tune. It has no guest introduction and is only for a cappella singing.
2. The subject matter of poetry can be divided into:
① Scenery lyric poetry, lyric poetry that sings about landscapes and scenic spots and describes natural scenery. In ancient times, some poets were dissatisfied with reality and often expressed their feelings in mountains and rivers. They expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing rivers, lakes and natural scenery. This type of poetry often embodies the emotions to be expressed in the scenery described later. This is what people often call embedding emotions in the scenery. Its style is fresh and natural.
② In poems about objects, the poet describes the appearance, characteristics, charm, and character of the object he is chanting, so as to express the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality, or ideals.
③ Poems about immediate emotions, which cause the poet to express emotions due to a certain reason, such as missing relatives, homesickness, missing friends, etc.
④ Nostalgia for the past and chanting epic poems use historical allusions as themes to express one's own opinions, to use the past to satirize the present, or to express feelings about the vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Frontier fortress poems describe the scenery of the frontier fortress and the military life of the soldiers guarding the border, or express their optimism and heroism or their feelings of longing and separation. The style is tragic and grand, and the writing style is bold and unrestrained.