2, the basic method of learning classical Chinese:
1) understand the part of speech of classical Chinese: master the most basic content words, function words, verbs and adjectives;
2) Read more and recite more: Classical Chinese is a language first. If you read more, you will be fluent and can cultivate a sense of language;
3) Learn more classics: you can focus on Tang poetry and Song poetry, novels and essays in Ming and Qing dynasties.
Because the rhythm of poetry is beautiful and easy to remember, it is catchy to read and can stimulate interest in learning. There are 300 Tang poems, 300 Song Ci poems, 300 Yuan Qu poems, 1,000 Book of Songs, and so on.
The literary works of Ming and Qing dynasties are not too far away from our time, and the classical Chinese has been biased towards the vernacular, which is easy to understand according to the context. For example, China's view of ancient literature, Sanyan Erpai, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, four classical novels and so on. Stories attract people's interest and interest is the best teacher.
3. When the knowledge of classical Chinese has accumulated to a certain extent, you can try to write in classical Chinese. Write comparisons, from sentences to essays, and gradually become articles. Learning classical Chinese can also unconsciously absorb the essence of China culture and inherit excellent cultural and moral traditions.
2. Achieve a high-level life [Achieve a high-level life-read seven ancient essays] In the garden of traditional culture in China, classic ancient essays are like beautiful flowers, which have deeply influenced and inspired generations of China people and achieved a high-level life-read seven ancient essays.
Seven articles, such as Model, Chen Qingbiao, Learning Solution, Letter to Ren 'an, Song Zhengqi, The Story of Yueyang Tower and Fu on a Thousand Cliffs, which were recommended by the General Party Branch of our company to all comrades in the company, are the classics among these famous works. Today, when we read it again, we still have mixed feelings and can't help crying.
From "model", we read a "loyalty". Originally, he was a farmer and devoted himself to Shan Ye, not to Wen Da. In order to repay the kindness of a generation of wise kings, they have been "driving", "staying at home", "forgetting to be outside" and "worrying all night" for fear of "invalid entrustment" for decades. As an old minister who carried the heavy responsibility of the first emperor to entrust orphans, he told the second master every detail before going out to war, showing that he devoted himself to reviving the Han Dynasty and died.
In the garden of China traditional culture, classic ancient prose is like a beautiful flower, which deeply influences and inspires China people from generation to generation to achieve a high-level life. Seven articles, such as Model, Chen Qingbiao, Learning Solution, Letter to Ren 'an, Song Zhengqi, The Story of Yueyang Tower and Fu on a Thousand Cliffs, which were recommended by the General Party Branch of our company to all comrades in the company, are the classics among these famous works.
Today, when we read it again, we still have mixed feelings and can't help crying. From "model", we read a "loyalty".
Originally, he was a farmer and devoted himself to Shan Ye, not to Wen Da. In order to repay the kindness of a generation of wise kings, they have been "driving", "staying at home", "forgetting to be outside" and "worrying all night" for fear that "the entrustment is invalid" for decades. As an old minister who carried the heavy responsibility entrusted by the first emperor to orphans, he told his late master every detail before going out to war, which showed his determination to devote all his efforts to reviving the Han Dynasty and die. The image of a loyal minister "vibrates the beam and dies" is ready to come out.
"But before his conquest, his death always made the hero cry." Although Zhuge Liang failed in his career, his patriotism made China people cry for generations. Due to the limitation of the times, Zhuge Liang's "loyalty" is only loyalty to the Han family and the Liu family, or even just to repay the kindness of my late master. However, as historical materialists, we should not be harsh on the ancients.
Today, let's read the model again and sublimate this "loyalty" into loyalty to the party, the motherland, the people and our profession. The party cultivates the kindness of us and the motherland, and the people nurture our kindness, which is far better than the kindness of feudal rulers who care for officials and entrust orphans.
It is a glorious and sacred task entrusted to us by the party and the state to do a good job in ensuring the funds for diplomatic undertakings. Therefore, today, we should do better than Zhuge Liang. We should not only be loyal to this profession, but also be proud of it. We should not only "behave ourselves", "forget ourselves" and "think at night" for the cause of the party and the country, but also take the initiative to explore, innovate and do our best for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
From Chen Qingbiao, we read a kind of "filial piety". The ancients said: "Those who don't shed tears when reading" The Model "are disloyal; It is unfilial not to cry when reading Chen Qingbiao.
When the author tells himself how rough the fate of childhood is, you can be unsympathetic; When the author tells himself how difficult it is to choose, you don't have to be moved; However, when the author expresses his feelings of being tied to grandma's fate, you can't help but be moved! "I don't have a grandmother, so today; Grandma has no ministers, and her years are endless. Mother and son are more alike. "
Between loyalty and filial piety, he first chose filial piety. He said: "I am 40-40 this year, and my grandmother is 90-60 this year. I have been loyal to your majesty for a long time and supported Liu for a short time. "
In the face of this earth-shattering filial piety, any ruler can't help but understand his difficulties, so the later Emperor Wu of Jin agreed to his request to stay in his hometown to support his grandmother and strongly praised his filial piety. Filial piety is the foundation of a person's life and the foundation of a nation's survival.
As the saying goes, "filial piety is the first virtue". Only by being kind to your parents and elders first can you be kind to others and society.
Only by respecting your parents first can you be loyal to the country or organization. Filial piety is also a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
"Only an inch of grass is a little sentimental, and I get three spring rays", which shows the gratitude of Qian Qian's ten thousand Chinese dutiful sons to their parents for respecting their long hair. All the feudal dynasties in China claimed to rule the world by filial piety, and the words "filial piety" (such as "Xiao Wen" and "Wu Xiao") often appeared in the king's posthumous title, highlighting the greatness of his personality.
In that era with class struggle as the key link, "filial piety" was ignored as a feudal ethics. However, today, our society is more aware of the importance of "filial piety".
We are delighted to see that in the first class of some schools, the old headmaster can wash his mother's feet in front of the teachers and students of the whole school, which shows the long-standing filial piety of our nation. It is a pity to see that in today's reform and opening up, "filial piety" is an important part of training cadres with both ability and political integrity.
A philosopher said: "A society's attitude towards the elderly reflects the degree of civilization of this society". In today's aging society, we need to build a harmonious society, realize "a sense of security for the elderly", and especially advocate "filial piety".
As the old saying goes, "loyalty and filial piety can't be satisfactory", but today, when we vigorously carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and build a socialist spiritual civilization, "loyalty and filial piety" can be so harmonious and unified. From the "understanding of learning", we read a "diligence".
The whole article is a dialogue between Mr. Guo Zi (the author Han Yu himself) and his disciples. In fact, the whole article is the author's self-mockery, full of satire, satirizing the injustice of employing people in society at that time, and showing an ideal Confucian scholar-bureaucrat's spirit of pursuing progress in the dark reality. The author used his disciples' words to describe his hardships in learning: "My mouth is full of songs about six arts;" The hand is constantly covered with the compilation of a hundred schools of thought; The recorder must mention what he wants, and the producer must hook it.
3. Wang Guowei's triple realm, from classical Chinese to the success of ancient and modern times, has to go through three lessons: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the tall building alone to see the world." "(Yan's The Recent Flowers is also first-rate. "The clothes are getting wider and wider, and I will not regret it. "(Ouyang Yongshu's The Recent Flowers is also the second category. Everyone searched for him for thousands of times, and when they turned around, they saw that the man was in a dim state. "(XinYouAn" Jade Case ") These three categories are also. -Wang Guowei
These three realms of Wang Guowei are that I have a strong interest in Wang Guowei's "Human Thorns". After reading this book, I feel that the world of words is so big and deep, and you will find yourself small and ignorant when you wander in it.
Wang Guowei has made great achievements in textual research, philosophy and literary criticism all his life. However, he is particularly proud of his skill in writing words. He once said, "Yu Yu is a poet. Although he has done less than a hundred things, since the Southern Song Dynasty, there has been nothing but one or two. " Wang Guowei just turned 30 when he said this. He only wrote a hundred words, and easily ignored almost all the poets in the past 800 years. Writing can be written to this extent, regardless of historical evaluation, even if he is crazy and confident. This man was born in 1877 and died in 1927. At the age of 50, he jumped into Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace in Beijing and died without a roof. His life is a process of constantly questioning life. Some people say that he is a legacy of the Qing Dynasty, some people say that he is a martyr who cares about the country and the people, and others say that he just can't stand the long-term oppression of his mentor Luo Zhenyu and can't swallow his anger, so he drowned himself. Wang Guowei's dramatic death is very important to historians, but for those who write or paint, the words he left behind are more important than the end of his personal life.
Everyone's Ci Hua is China's most famous work in modern times, and it is also the representative work of Wang Guowei's literary criticism. Among the numerous ci poems in Qing Dynasty, Ren Yi's novel ideas and unique theories broke through the viewpoints of some schools of literature in Qing Dynasty, opened up a new path for the study of China's aesthetics and literary theory, and occupied an important position in the treasure house of China's academic thoughts. Although it is written for the discussion of Ci, it covers a wide range, not limited to Ci, "which can be read as Wang Jia's theory of art and technique" (Ten Theories on Xia Ci). It broke through the views of Zhejiang School and Changzhou School in Qing Dynasty and was original. On the basis of discussing the gains and losses of poets' creation in past dynasties and combining the author's personal experience of artistic appreciation and creation, Mann put forward the theory of "realm", the center and essence of Wang Guowei's artistic theory. The theory of realm puts forward a view in Ci Hua on earth that the artistic conception of literary works is formed by the combination of the real life described in the works and the thoughts and feelings expressed, and it is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, ideal and reality, emotion and reason. The so-called realm is not only the scenery, but also the joys and sorrows. It is one of the realms in people's minds and the realm of creation and realism. Here, the meaning of the realm is explained clearly first, and then the composition of the realm is elaborated in detail. "The realm created by great poets must conform to nature, and the realm written by great poets must be adjacent to ideals." "Although realistic, it is also an ideal home." In other words, the realm is the poet's portrayal of nature and the expression of ideal composition. A successful poem must be a close combination of ideal and reality. For example, the interpretation of "realm" in the book includes:
-the word is based on the realm. -the realm is self-contained and has its own famous sentences.
-With or without me. There is my realm, I see things, so everything is my color. Without me, we look at things in terms of things, and we don't know what is mine and what is physical.
-can * * * scenery, true feelings, called realm. Otherwise, it is called boundless. Man is a collection of sixty-four short comments by Wang Guowei, which is his experience in writing ci and a summary of his artistic view. Although the article is short, it is four or two thousand pounds, and the words are precious and powerful. With the formation of traditional words, anti-traditional concepts, terms and thinking logic, he naturally incorporated some new concepts and methods, and the theoretical problems he summed up had quite universal significance, that is, they had a great response among the readers of the old and new generations at that time and had a lofty position in the history of modern literary criticism in China. The biggest difference between Man and traditional poetry is that he no longer only pays attention to the ethical world of man, but repeats the theme of parting lovesickness and humiliation; Instead, the individual self is thrown into the vast universe, popular and endless eternity, so that the self can face the doomed human tragedy, even split the personality displayed by itself, torture the soul and pursue the fate of rootless life. It is the infusion of Wang Guowei's life and spiritual life, which is different from "the tool of a gosling". Simulation works are the crystallization of the author's exploration and thinking on the basic life problems such as the universe and life, life and death. That's why I only love people. I like his All Scenery is Love. I appreciate his three realms and his spirit of unremitting exploration of life; I envy him more for his free and easy and the freedom of "with or without me".
Finally, I want to end my reading by quoting other people's comments on "Thorns on the Earth". Wang Guowei's Ci Hua on Earth has taken a solid step on the road of the exchange and integration of Chinese and western literary ideas. It is regarded as an epoch-making work in the history of China's poetry and ci-poetry, because of its novel viewpoint, incisive argument and self-contained system. Therefore, naturally attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad.
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