Nan Tang Li Yu
When is the spring flower and autumn moon? ② How much do you know about the past?
The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the bright moon.
The jade carving should still exist, but only Zhu Yan changed it. (4) Ask how much sadness you can have, (5) It's just a river flowing eastward.
To annotate ...
(1) This song was originally a song of the Tang Dynasty. It was first sung by Xiang Yu's favorite concubine, hence its name. Also known as "One River Spring Water", "Yuhu Water" and "Twelve Peaks in Wushan". Two tones, fifty-six words, four sentences in the upper and lower parts, all with two rhymes and two flat rhymes.
2: over, over.
③ Masonry: steps. Carving jade: refers to Nantang Palace in Jinling. It should be static: a "static".
Zhu Yan has changed: It means that the person you miss is old.
⑤ Jun: The author calls himself. Capable: or "all", "that", "return" and "deny"
Brief analysis
This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words. Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect. It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. However, this well-known masterpiece is unique in art: Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are mostly beautiful, but the author earnestly hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible; The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner. The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little blunt, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power. It can be said that the word Li Yu is widely used because, to a great extent, the sentence is based on infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes the sad thought vivid and abstract: the author does not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thought-recalling the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual resonance from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.
Enjoy 1
This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words.
Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect.
It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. But this famous masterpiece is unique in art:
Most of Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are beautiful, but the author sincerely hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible. The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner.
The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little blunt, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power.
It can be said that the word Li Yu is widely used because, to a great extent, the sentence is based on infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes the sad thought vivid and abstract: the author does not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thought-recalling the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual resonance from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.
Appreciate II
As a "good wine, indifferent to politics" monarch, Li Yu failed; However, it was the subjugation of the country that made him the "Southern King" in the world of ancient ci (Shen Xiong's ancient and modern ci). As the saying goes, "the unfortunate poets of the country are lucky, and words begin to play a role in the vicissitudes of life." Young Beauty is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
This word depicts a strong yearning for the motherland and achieves an artistic effect that makes the gods cry. "Spring flowers and autumn moon", the things that most easily evoke people's beautiful associations, made Li Yu doubly annoyed. He really complained to the sky: when will the spring bloom and the autumn moon be full? Reading a word makes people curious. However, as long as we imagine the poet's situation, it is not difficult to understand: a monarch who is above the sword, these beautiful things will only make him feel sad and remind him of the good life in the past, and the comparison between the past and the present will only make him sad. Ask yourself, "How much do you know about the past?" "The past" refers to the good life when I was king in the past, but everything has disappeared and become illusory. The spring of nature has gone and come again, but why is the spring of life gone forever? "The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." The "East Wind" brings the message of spring, but it makes the poet sigh "I can't bear to look back" and "the voice of national subjugation is mourning for thinking", which is probably the only way. Let's imagine: in the dead of night, the moonlight is blowing gently, and the sleepless people trapped in the small building can't help looking at the direction of their homeland from the railing. How much sadness comes to mind, and who can stand this situation? The word "you" contains much helplessness and sadness! The east wind has entered again, indicating that the spring flowers and the autumn moon have not ended and will continue; And I still have to linger and suffer. "The old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month" is the inversion of "the old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month". "I can't bear to look back," but I did. Looking back, "the jade fence should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it." In my imagination, the mountains and rivers and the old palace of the old country are still there, but things are different and the mountains and rivers change hands; When I think about it, how much sadness and hatred are there. The word "just", with a sigh, conveys a sense of infinite regret.
The above six sentences are quite ingenious in structure. Several times, two-phase contrast and alternate sentences are used to echo, repeatedly emphasizing the cycle of nature and the fleeting life, which is full of philosophical meaning and deep feelings. One or two sentences compare the endless spring flowers and autumn moon with things that are gone forever in the world; A comparison between The East Wind Rises Again and The Old Country Can't Turn Back: A comparison between "should be maintained" and "change" in five or six sentences. The East Wind Rises Again and Should Still Be There echo Dang; I can't bear to look back and Zhu Yan has changed echoed the past. Such contrast and repetition vividly convey the ups and downs and worries of the poet's mind.
Finally, the poet was furious and became a famous sentence, "How worried can I be about you?" Like a river flowing eastward. "Using water as a metaphor for sorrow can be described as" the ancients came first, then the newcomers ". Liu Yuxi's Zhi Zhu Ci "Water infinite flow is like sorrow", and Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi Xicheng Liu Yang Nongchunrou" is like a spring river full of tears. These poems are either understated or straightforward, and they are not as touching as "A River Flowing East", so they are called "true sad words". Comparing melancholy to "a river of spring water" makes abstract emotions vivid and sensible. Sadness is like spring, overflowing and unrestrained; Another example is the spring water, which goes on day and night. Formally, the nine words are even and flat, which read like the ups and downs of spring water, and fully express the depth and strength of feelings in the rising flow. Ending with such expressive words greatly enhances the appeal of the work. When the pages are closed, the reader seems to be overwhelmed by this endless sadness.
The whole poem expresses the pain of national subjugation, with profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, exquisite structure and fresh language; Although the words are short, they are memorable. It is no wonder that Wang Guowei commented: "The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have no articles. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that after the Song Dynasty, there were only Li Houzhu's works, as well as Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " (The Story of the World was deleted by 40%) (Jiang Yayun)
Appreciation 3
This word was written by Li Yu after he was captured in Bianjing. At the beginning, when did the beautiful time of spring flowers and autumn moon end? Because when I saw the spring flowers and the autumn moon, countless past events came to my mind, and I thought of the beautiful days of enjoying the spring flowers and the autumn moon in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which was unbearable to look back, so I was afraid to see them. On the moonlit night when the east wind blows, life in Jinling's old country is hard to look back on. The carved jade fence in the palace there should still be there, but people's faces have become haggard because of sadness. If you want to ask how much sorrow there is, it is like an endless river flowing eastward. One river refers to the Yangtze River, which is in the same breath as the spring water of one river, and is combined with Jinling, the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty, by the Yangtze River, full of nostalgia for the old country. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Yi's "Memories" volume said: "My ancestors gave me the first gift, which was named after the Chinese Valentine's Day and the prostitute music. Emperor Taizong was furious when he heard about it. I also passed the sentence "The small building was easterly again last night" and "A river flows eastward", and sat down, which was unlucky. Wang Guowei's words on earth: "Nietzsche refers to all literature, and I love people who write in blood." The words of the late Lord are really so-called people written in blood. Song Daojun (Hui Zong) wrote a similar poem in Yanshan Pavilion. The Taoist monarch is nothing more than the sorrow of his own life, and then the Lord seems to have the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes. "Li Yu was poisoned, and he wrote the word. This is really written in blood. The so-called "there is a feeling that Sakyamuni and Christ are burdened with human sins", that is to say, words like Li Yu are not only about his personal sorrow, but also very general, which summarizes the painful feelings of all people who have the pain of national subjugation: they dare not see the spring flowers and the autumn moon and dare not think about the good life in the past. Another example is the beautiful scenery of the old country, which is unbearable to look back. The scenery of the old country is still carved with jade, but people's faces have changed because of sadness, and there are also changes in personnel and master-slave relationship. It's like comparing sadness to a spring river. The whole word reflects the feelings of people who have the pain of national subjugation and bears the emotional pain of all these people. This just shows that this word has a high degree of generality and representativeness and is an outstanding achievement of this word.
In Song Dynasty, Chen Yu wrote "Hidden Words": "Taibai (Li Bai) said,' Oh, go and ask if this river flowing eastward can go further than the love of friends! . ("Nanjing Hotel Parting") Master Li of Jiangnan once said:' How much sorrow is like a river flowing eastward.' With a little melting, it feels wonderful. It is better to swim less (Qin Guan) and fall in love and worry like the sea (Millennium) than to come to the public (quasi) and say' sadness is like spring water' (Night Flower Niang). Here I would like to comment on the word "a river flowing eastward" as a metaphor for sadness. Li Bai's poems are about love, which can be compared with East Running Water. The poem was written in Jinling, and the east flowing water refers to the Yangtze River. Li Yu's ci was written when Bianjing was imprisoned. He couldn't see the Yangtze River, which became a part of his nostalgia for his old country. Therefore, Li Bai's poems are compared to the scenery in front of him, and Li Yu's poems are compared to the Yangtze River which is far away from him. There is a feeling of missing the old country in this metaphor, and the feelings are deeper. In addition, the image of "One Jiang Xiangdong Stream" is more vivid than "East Stream". Also, "flowing east" is shorter than "boring", and "flowing east" is endless. This is the difference between the two, which shows that the pain of Li Yu's old country is deeper, not "slightly melted". Kou Zhun's words: "Looking at Tingzhou at dusk is as tender as water." This is comparing tenderness to spring water. This tenderness also refers to another meaning, which, like Li Bai's sentence, can be said to imitate Li Bai's meaning. "Like spring water" can't be compared with Li Yu's ci. Qin Guan's words: "Spring goes and spring comes, and it is as red as the sea." It's about the emotional parting of "taking off your coat", plus the damage to spring, and the haggard of "Zhu Yan changed in the mirror", plus "falling in love with 10 thousand points", which is really a famous sentence. Li Yu's ci is about the pain of national subjugation, which is deeper than the feeling of parting. He also wrote Zhu Yan has changed, which is combined with the pain of national subjugation. In addition, the imagery in A River Flows East is vivid and magnificent, which is beyond the comparison of Qin Guan's ci. (Tian Deyi)
Fourth, study important sentences in detail.
1, Question: Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon is a beautiful thing, why does the poet want it to end?
Chengming: It is indeed a beautiful thing, but with the change of the poet's status, these beautiful things will also change color in the poet's heart. It turns out that extravagance and luxury can only add infinite sadness to a "prisoner" in the life of "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon" accompanied by flower girl's nocturnal songs. It's better to end such a beautiful thing.
2. What does the past mean in "How much do you know about the past"?
Clear: "The past" is rich in content and can refer to all his activities when he was an emperor. For example, the beauty of the harem, the dignity of sitting in the temple, and the sense of freedom.
3. "How much trouble can you have? What kind of artistic expression is used in Just an East-flowing River? Please give an example.
Clarity: concretize abstract feelings with metaphors. Explain that sorrow is like spring water, and Wang Yang is unrestrained and unrestrained; Another example is the spring water, which keeps flowing day and night. No wonder Wang Guowei commented: "The words of my late master are really so-called bloody books." French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears."
Li Bai's "white hair and three thousands of feet, a long sorrow."
Li Yu's "hate like spring grass, go further and still be alive."
Li Yu's "natural growth hates water flowing eastward."
Li Bai's "You don't see how cute Gao Tingming's mirror lock is. It snows in the early evening." Wait a minute.
Fifth, use your imagination, try to translate this poem, and try to show your sadness and sadness.
Flowers bloom in spring and fall in autumn,
How often does it take to reply?
Life is short, and how many past events turn into nothing in an instant.
The small building blew eastward again last night.
I can't bear to look back, my country was destroyed by my hand.
The pavilion in the palace may still be there,
It's just that the people who linger there have changed their appearance.
Life means endless sadness,
If I ask you how sad you are,
I know, just like a river flowing eastward day and night.
Sixth, summarize the whole poem.
This song "Young Beauty" is full of sadness and hatred, with deep and strong feelings, like a raging river, desperate to rush out. Few monarchs above swords in history dare to express their hatred of national subjugation so boldly. Li Yu's devotion to this pure feeling is probably Wang Guowei's "naive words" out of "childlike heart", so that he paid his life for it. French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears." This word is such an immortal work.