The full-text translation of the modern text of Yanmen Taishouxing: the enemy is like a cloud, and it seems to be destroyed; The sun shone on the fish-scale armor, glittering with gold. In autumn, bugles are sounded everywhere, and bugles go straight into the sky; The pollution is like rouge, and the night is like purple. The cold wind rolled the red flag, and the troops quietly approached Xiao; The thick frost soaked the drum skin and the drum was too low to lift. In order to repay the reward and love of the monarch, he is willing to fight for him to the death with a sword in his hand! Note [1] The Taishouxing of Yanmen is one of the thirty-eight old topics in Yuefu harmony songs and tonal songs. There is an ancient poem in the Han Dynasty today. Drafts of the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty lamented the sufferings of the garrison. This article also describes the significance of frontier soldiers' efforts to serve the country. Tang Zhanggu's "Advocating Leisure" contains: Li He gave Han Yu a volume, which was placed at the beginning and Han Yu appreciated it after reading it. Yuan and two years (807). Yanmen: Guyanmen County is located in the northwest of Shanxi Province, which is the border between the Tang Dynasty and the northern Turkic tribes. [2] Dark clouds: metaphor for the enemy. Destruction: destruction, destruction. This description of the war is overwhelming and pervades the border town, and the atmosphere is very tense. Said it was a real dark cloud in the sky. [3] Guang Jia Sentence: Guang Jia: Armor is shining in the sun. Golden scales: describe armor shining like golden scales. On: glow. Describe armor shining in the sun. Day: a book of the month. It is said that Wang Anshi criticized these two poems as unreasonable: "Dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen thinks that the natural scenery with dark clouds and sunshine is a "New Year's greeting poem", while Wang Anshi thinks that "the old headscarf in the Song Dynasty doesn't know poetry" (Sheng 'an Poem). Shen Deqian also said that "the clouds cover the sky, and the sun suddenly appears, which is really a scene" (Tang Poetry). [4] Horn: the horn sounded by the army. [5] Yan Yan (yān): In the night, the pollution is condensed like rouge, and it is as rich as purple. There is purple soil near the Great Wall, so it is called "Zisai". Fat swallowing, that is, rouge, is dark red. It says here that under oblique illumination, purple is thicker and the soil is like rouge. It is said that the twilight is getting deeper, the night falls, the sunset glow turns purple, and the sky and mountains are dim. For example, there is a saying in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Teng-ting that "smoke condenses mountains and purple flowers". It is said that the fighting was fierce and cruel. From day to night, the blood on the battlefield appears a deep purple when the night is coming. [6] Pro: Yes. Yishui: The name of water is in Yixian County, Hebei Province. During the Warring States Period, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and Yan Taizi Dan and others sent him to Yishui as a farewell. [7] Yishui: Yixian County, Hebei Province today. Xiao is far from the fortress, so Jing Ke's story is used to express the tragic significance. During the Warring States Period, the Prince of Yan sent Jing Ke to stab the King of Qin at the edge of Yishui, and Jing Ke sang "Song of Yishui": "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." [8] Silent: the sound is silent, and the drum sound is described here. Because of the cold and frost, the drums can't ring. This sentence implies that the war is fierce and even the drums are dumb. [9] Huang Jintai: Therefore, it is located in Yixian County, Hebei Province. In The Warring States Policy Yance, there are scholars from Yan Zhaowang, who built a high platform in the southeast of Yishui and put gold on it to recruit talents from all over the world. [10] Yulong: The name of the sword refers to the sword of this generation. Make an appreciative comment
Many of Li He's poems are difficult to understand, but this one has different interpretations, but there is no agreement. The understanding of poetry is also very different.
After this short poem, it is said that the enemy Xiao is not afraid of danger and will die with his sword? Its theme is really related to fighting. However, the first four sentences are mainly about scenery, and there is no clear description of siege and breakthrough. In addition to indicating that there are soldiers' "armor flowers" and "horns" here. Therefore, the differences in interpretation are mostly due to the different experiences of "suggestion". Although the implication is beyond the words, it still comes from words. A poem accumulates words into sentences, and sentences into articles, becoming an internally related whole. The first four sentences of this poem are quite difficult to understand, but the last four sentences are quite clear. Explain the last four sentences clearly, and then look back at the first four sentences, the meaning of the whole article is not difficult to understand. Look at the last four sentences first. "Half-rolled red flag near Yishui" implies that there was a marching process before "near Yishui". "Half-rolled red flag" is to reduce resistance, which is a feature of marching, such as "half-rolled red flag out of Yuanmen"
Something like that The word "pro" also shows the momentum of marching. So, did you meet any enemies after Lin Yishui? If so, what is the strength comparison? Who is the situation in favor of? All this is not described positively in the last three sentences, but the implication is clear: first, "welcoming Yi Shui" means that progress is blocked, which reminds people of "Yi Shui Song": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever. Second, drumming is for marching, but "heavy frost and cold drums" imply the seriousness of the war situation through unfavorable natural conditions. Third, at the end of the two sentences, it is self-evident that the Lord will go into battle with his sword and swear to repay his debt with death, then the enemy is now.
In the first sentence, writing the word "black" on the "cloud" already feels very heavy. And this "dark cloud" has "crushed the city" and even "the city is going to be destroyed", which is obviously symbolic. The word "black" added to the "cloud" is naturally not used to symbolize our army but the enemy. The enemy's siege is so fierce that our army has only deus ex's chance. "Golden Light Shines on the Sun" is in sharp contrast with the above sentence in color and form, which obviously contains joy and praise, and of course refers to our army. At first, the city was surrounded by dark clouds, and then the dark clouds collapsed and the sun was shining. The shining armor of our soldiers is like golden scales in the sun, dazzling. In other words, we fought our way out and defeated the enemy.
One or two sentences about siege and breakthrough constitute a unit of meaning. The following eight sentences are written to pursue the victory until the enemy reaches Xiao, which is the meaning of another unit. Horn, an ancient military instrument. There is a record of "blowing the horn and withdrawing troops" in the biography of the northern history of Jiande Wang Yanzong. Looking at the context, the phrase "the sound of the horn is full of autumn colors" is based on virtual realism. Show the magnificent scene of the enemy retreating and chasing in the reader's imagination. The word "night" in "blocking rouge and setting night purple" takes care of the word "day" in the first sentence, indicating that the breakthrough has been long, and the two sides are fighting each other. The explanation of "putting on rouge" is generally good by quoting ancient and modern notes: "Qin built the Great Wall, and its soil color is purple, so it is called Zisai". Following the sound of "horn" and "autumn colors", it is tempting to imagine the bloodiness of war; Adding the word "coagulation" before "purple" further strengthens this association.
From "day" to "night" and even "heavy frost" at night, the pursuers were already in Yishui, and the enemy naturally arrived in Yishui first. The pursuers followed, and if the enemy wants to cross the water, it may be that the whole army will re-serve, so it can only be the last fight. At the thought of Han Xin's backwater array, I knew how severe the situation facing the pursuer was! It is a reflection of this grim situation that the drum can't afford to fight, and the Lord swears to death. As for the result of a quick victory, let readers imagine it. Poets use special artistic techniques to express their unique artistic imagination, or use symbols, hints, or contrasts, or use virtual reality, sound visualization, and exchange parts for the whole, leaving readers with too broad imagination space, so readers' understanding varies from person to person.
The outstanding features of Li He's poems are novel images, bright colors, novel shapes and rich imagination. In Wild Goose Gate, these characteristics are fully and fully reflected. Take the last two sentences as an example to see how he pays attention to color setting and modeling. These two sentences say that the monarch will repay his kindness and he will fight to the death, but there is no conceptual language. The external image and internal activities of the monarch are highlighted through modeling and coloring. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang established a platform on which he invested his daughter to recruit talents, because he called it "Huang Jintai". Jade Dragon was used as a sword in the Tang Dynasty.
Gold and white jade, their texture and color,
Are valued by the world. "Dragon" is a noble animal in ancient legends, and "Huang Jintai" is a symbol of longing for talents. The poet chose the shapes of "Yulong" and "Huang Jintai", and wrote the poem "Jintai reported the emperor's intention and helped Yulong die for him". An energetic general came into view. His lofty spirit of not dying for his country and the virtue of the monarch attaching great importance to talents give readers a strong and beautiful feeling.
This poem sings an ancient theme of life-to serve the monarch, to save the country from disaster, and to die for a confidant. Du Fu was quoted in Poems of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty: "This poem says that the city is in danger and its armor is inexhaustible. As for the mourning, the sunset glow is purple, everywhere sad, still in the forefront, there is no way out. Although the morale of the army is exhausted, the drums are not beaten, but the sword is still there, and it will not live up to the country. They all say "loyalty and generosity". "Since the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, border wars have occurred from time to time, and the war written in the poem refers to a certain time and place. There is also a saying that "a lamp shines on the sun", so the time of war is day and night. In any case, it must be extremely tragic and tragic. It's a bit like Qu Yuan's "Guo Shang", which is not about victory but about failure. In the tragic defeat, it eulogized the heroic spirit of the soldiers fighting bloody battles and dying. At the same time, it also expressed the poet's own desire to make contributions to the monarch and the country.
Lu You said: "Congratulations are like a hundred flowers, dazzling." This poem describes the intense and tragic battle scene with rich colors such as black, yellow (gold), red, white and purple. The color contrast is quite bright and strong, which complements the tragic mood in the poem.
Li He likes to use strange colors in his poems, such as shades, heavy colors, bright colors and variegated colors. For example, he wrote green: cold green, decadent green, silk green, condensed green and static green; Writing red includes: smiling red, cold red, worrying red and old red; Ghost lights write "paint", ghost fires write "green", candlelight writes "cold green", and so on.
This is a political lyric poem, which sums up the hardships of this war and praises the spirit of hard struggle of officers and men.
There are three poems: one is during the day, which shows that the government forces are heavily guarded; One is to practice hard before dusk; In the middle of the night, someone wrote that the loyalists attacked the enemy by surprise.
The first couplet is about scenery and events, which plays up the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. After the verdict was pronounced, the soldiers guarding the city were ready, and the daytime showed that the defenders were mighty and magnificent.
Neck couplets and couplets render the tragic atmosphere of the battlefield and the cruelty of the battle from two aspects: sound and color.
The neck couplet is about troops marching at night and going into battle.
The Taiwan Federation quoted allusions and wrote the soldiers' determination to serve the country to the death.
"Yan Men Tai Shou Hang" is an old topic in Yuefu. In the era when Li He lived, rebellion broke out one after another and wars continued. For example, in the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty and the fourth year of Shi Zai (809), Wang Chengzong's rebels attacked Yizhou and Dingzhou, and the patriotic general Li led his troops to rescue them. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, he took the lead, broke through the tight encirclement, attacked Wu Yuanji rebels, killed the enemy and fled.
It is speculated from some legends and data records about the poem "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" that it may be a war to pacify the rebellion in the buffer region.
The whole poem consists of eight sentences, and the first four sentences are about the scene before sunset. The first sentence not only talks about scenery, but also about things, which successfully exaggerates the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. The word "dark clouds crush the city to destroy" vividly reveals the number and fierceness of the enemy, the disparity in strength between the warring parties and the difficult situation of the defenders. The defenders in the city are compared with the enemy outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changed, and a ray of sunshine penetrated through the clouds and reflected on the armor of the soldiers guarding the city, only to see glittering and dazzling. At the moment, they are preparing to fight. Here, daylight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders, and the scene is very wonderful. It is said that Wang Anshi once criticized this sentence, saying, "When dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen claimed that he had indeed seen such a scene, accusing Wang Anshi of saying, "Song Lao's headscarf doesn't know poetry. In fact, the truth of art and the truth of life cannot be equated, and there may not be dark clouds when the enemy besieged the city; When the defenders are in array, it is not necessarily the sun that shines and cheers. Dark clouds and sunshine in poetry are the means for poets to create environment and intentions. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the gloomy and miserable battlefield atmosphere from the auditory and visual aspects respectively. It's already late autumn, and all the trees are crumbling. In the dead silence, the horn sounded. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. " The sound of the horn is everywhere, which outlines the scale of the war. With the advantage of numbers, the enemy clamored for progress and pressed forward step by step. The defender didn't get cold feet because of his weakness. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, their morale was high and they fought back hard. The fighting lasted from day to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of the wheel-staggered and hand-to-hand combat, but only made a rough but expressive description of the scene on the battlefield after the withdrawal of the two sides: the battle lasted from day to night, the sunset glow reflected the battlefield, and large rouge-like red blood condensed on the earth through the night fog. This gloomy and dignified atmosphere reflects the tragic scene of the battle site, suggesting that both the offensive and defensive sides have a large number of casualties, and the soldiers guarding the city are still at a disadvantage, which has made necessary preparations for the next friendly rescue.
The last four sentences are about the activities of the rescue forces. "Half-rolled red flag is near Yishui" and the word "half-rolled" has extremely rich meanings. March in the dark and stop it in order to "surprise and attack it unprepared"; "Facing yi river" not only shows the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have a kind of heroic pride that "the wind blows in Shui Han and the strong men are gone forever". Then describe the bitter battle scene: as soon as the rescue troops approached the enemy camp, they beat gongs and drums and cheered and went into battle. But the night is so cold and frosty that even the drums can't move. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "Report to your golden platform and support Yulong for your death." Huang Jintai was built in southeast Xiao during the Warring States Period. It is said that he once put a lot of gold on the stage, saying that he would spare no expense to attract scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the court.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write tragic and tragic battle scenes with colorful words, and almost every sentence of Li He's poems has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple, which are not only bright but also rich in color. They are intertwined with black, autumn and jade white, forming a colorful picture. A poet, like a talented painter, is particularly good at coloring, expressing things with color, and touching people with color, not just sketching the outline. When he writes poetry, he seldom uses the technique of drawing lines, and always paints things with various novel and heavy colors with the help of imagination, which effectively shows their multi-level nature. Sometimes, in order to make the picture more vivid, he also mixed some things with different or even contradictory nature, making them parallel and dislocated, forming a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds over the city symbolize the arrogance of the enemy, and the brilliance of the sun shows the heroic attitude of the soldiers guarding the city. The contrast between the two is bright, the color is bright, and the love and hate are clear. Li He's poems are not only wonderful, but also appropriate. Strangeness and appropriateness are the basic characteristics of his poetry creation. This poem, colorful and mottled, depicts a tragic and tragic battle scene, which is bizarre; However, this colorful and peculiar picture accurately shows the frontier fortress scenery and the rapidly changing war situation at a specific time and place, which is very appropriate. Only its strangeness makes it more novel; Only when it is appropriate can it feel true; Strange and just right, thus forming a muddy and emotional artistic conception. This is Li He's unique skill in writing poems, which is both valuable and valuable to him.