Du Fu's poem Moonlit Night: "Tonight, watching it alone from the window of her chamber. For our boy and girl, poor little babes, are too young to know where the Capital is. Sweet mist and wet temples, her jade-white shoulder is cold in the moon. When do you lean on emptiness, watching this bright light with no more tears?? " The beauty is that the poet doesn't write about how he misses his hometown in the war, but how his family misses him. Turn reality into emptiness, turn scenery into emotion. The abstract emotion (missing his wife) is attached to the concrete image (thinking about the moon), which makes readers gallop and imagine fiction and fact, and infers his wife's longing for her husband from the poet's deep yearning for his wife. Another example is "From Beijing to Fengxian County": "Worry ends in the south, and the hole cannot be overcome." Emotionally materialize the "worry" of intangible psychology, saying that one's worries are piled up as high as Mount Zhongnan, and can't be cleaned up like boundless water, turning virtual into reality. The giant structure of "writing about a generation" is "Northern Expedition": "I have been charming all my life, and the color is white and snowy. See the back cry, dirty feet are not socks. The two little girls in front of the bed are only knee-high after mending ... "Here, the poet didn't write about the disasters caused by the war, didn't write about his own deep sorrow, only wrote about the hunger of his beloved son, and wrote about the disasters caused by the war, such as their crying and greasy dirt, but the poet's inner sorrow was vividly shown.
People are very familiar with these two poems of Du Fu, "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death". The two poems put two completely different pictures together, which not only add charm to each other, but also literally present the meaning of the third picture: there is only a wall between the inside and outside of Zhumen, but they are such different worlds, which is an unreasonable society! Here, the directness of the image provides clues of association, which makes people think: the bones of the poor people who froze to death in the wilderness are caused by the exploitation of "Zhu Men"; The meat forest in the wine pool in Zhumen is caused by the social system of "the loss is not enough to provide more than enough". These reasons are not literally expressed in the works, but readers can deeply feel them by supplementing and enriching the imagination of poetry according to their own life experiences and aesthetic feelings. In Du Ji's poems, such as "The rich cook stinks and the bones in the battlefield are white" ("Drive the vertical shaft to pick the warehouse ears"); "A first have tired of beam meat" ("Zhuangyou"); "The rhinoceros has been tired of it for a long time, and the finely wrought phoenix carving-knife is very little used" ("Beauty Walk"); See Du Fu's poem "From Beijing to Fengxian County to chant 5 words" and so on. This is not the poet's simple feeling and reaction to reality, but the expression of emotional concentration in the poet's aesthetic grasp of the environment, and it is an aesthetic evaluation that combines truth and goodness. It can be seen that the deeper the nature of society is revealed, the higher the degree of generalization, the higher, larger and deeper the realm of the work, and the greater its aesthetic value.
though a country be sundered, hills and rivers endure, and spring comes green again to trees and grasses.
where petals have been shed like tears, and lonely birds have sung their grief.
after the war-fires of three months, one message from home is worth a ton of gold.
I stroke my white hair. It has grown too thin, to hold the hairpins any more.
This famous poem of Du Fu, Spring Hope, has created a unique realm with its own artistic conception. The combination of scenery and lyricism in the poem is perfect, and it is really a blend of scenes. However, there are not only feelings and scenes in the poem, but also things and people. Writing scenery, objects, narrating and painting people, all kinds of factors are integrated into an independent world, which perfectly expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings. Here, the "realm" formed by the combination of scenery, things, events and people, and the "meaning" that the poet wants to express, are perfectly integrated into a seamless whole. It contains the poet's infinite sadness and resentment about the destruction of the country and the death of the family, and the meaning of worrying about the country and homesickness. Limited territory, infinite meaning, perfect combination and boundless integration have become artistic conception. Ceng Yun, a predecessor, said: "The ancients wrote poems, which were more valuable than words, and made people think about them." The typical example cited is this poem "Spring Hope". "'the mountains and rivers are there', and there is nothing left in the Ming Dynasty; The vegetation is deep, and no one is clear; Flowers and birds, things that can be entertained at ordinary times, weep at the sight of them, and grieve at the smell of them, then you will know when ["the mountains and rivers are there" ... then you will know when]. See Sima Guang's Continued Poems. " The poet's inexhaustible meaning is expressed in this limited environment, and the meaning is deeply hidden in the environment, so that people can think about it before they can get it.
Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, is also good at creating a unique realm in his own poems by means of the combination of reality and reality. We only take one of his poems as an example to see how the poet created the artistic conception through 28 words, which are both virtual and real, with real and virtual, and with virtual metaphor.
Li Bai was about to go in a boat when he heard the singing on the shore.
Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, which is not as good as Wang Lun's.
This poem was written by Li Bai as a parting gift to his friends after he visited Taohuatan in Jingxian County, Anhui Province in the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 775). When the poet boarded the boat and wanted to walk, he "suddenly smelled the singing on the shore." The beauty lies in hearing the voice of the person before seeing him, replacing people with songs, containing reality with emptiness, and living with reality. The poet was about to leave in a canoe, and the farewell party took a song to send him off (while singing, while patting him with his feet). "Suddenly hearing" showed that this song-walking to send him off was an accident for the poet, and as far as poetry is concerned, it was also a unique accidental pen, which made the poem steep after the first sentence was narrated. It not only makes this scene, this song and this feeling like eyes and ears, but also makes people's feelings come to life, enriching the audio-visual (time and space) feeling of the poetic scene and showing the return of emotional heart music. It is difficult to achieve this wonderful situation without the virtual reality.
"Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet" is not comparable to ordinary shallow pools and small streams. However, the deep pools in thousands of feet are far behind Wang Lun's sincere and simple feelings. However, how deep Wang Lun's "sending me my feelings" is, the poet left a large blank (empty) for people to measure and gallop. The depth of Wang Lun's affection suddenly appeared in people's eyes, which made people remember for a long time. The latter two sentences, which are emotional and impromptu, seem to be simple in enriching the meaning realm of poetry, with the eyes of Tao and the feelings written, but it is difficult to express them without a pen. The uniqueness of Li Bai's poems lies in the fact that his "wonderful scenery is only in a transition", and the word "less than" is the key. This kind of improvisation, with material symbols, turns abstract friendship (emptiness) into concrete image (reality), and compares the intangible feelings that are difficult to measure with "eye prospect". This "transformation" makes the poem unique, ethereal and interesting, with a rich aftertaste and a novel warning.
The whole poem is only twenty-eight characters, but the first one is "suddenly heard", which makes the singing and the appearance of seeing people off as before; Taking "not as good as" as another twist, Li Bai used the method of combining reality with reality to make people appreciate the friendship between poets and singers through the image pool of thousands of feet. Make the picture of the poem dynamic and static, jump and transform, and be smart and natural; The emotional curve has ups and downs, which shows the poet's emotional image of flickering and instant transformation, and is greatly appreciated by people.
through the analysis of the above poems, we can see that the artistic conception of poetry is often closely related to "reality". In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi said that "the environment is born outside the image. See "Collection of Dong Shi-style Mausoleum", which points out that artistic conception has two different levels of "image" (reality) and "environment" (emptiness). Through the external image of "image" directly presented to the viewer, the purpose of "environment" is conveyed, so as to fully mobilize the viewer's imagination, from reality to emptiness and freedom.