I know this problem! This poem is a poem I liked very much when I was at school. "frosty night, Jiang Feng is worried about sleeping while fishing." The moon has set, crows crow and it's cold all over the sky, and I'm sad and sleepless in the face of maple trees on the river and fishing fires on the boat.
The source of this poem is "a night-mooring near maple bridge" by Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty.
The original text of this work is like this:?
frosty night and Jiang Feng are worried about sleeping.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to the passenger ship.
Translated into vernacular Chinese:
The moon has set, crows are crowing, and it's cold all over the sky. Facing the maple trees by the river and the fishing fires on the boat, I feel sad and sleepless.
At the Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship I was on.
Here are some important words, please explain them separately:
Fengqiao: It is outside Changmen, Suzhou.
night berth: berth the boat on the shore at night.
Wuti: When it comes to crows, it's Wuti Town.
Frost is all over the sky: frost can't be all over the sky, and the word "frost" should be understood as severe cold; Frost all over the sky is the image language of extremely cold air.
Jiang Feng: generally interpreted as "riverside maple", Jiang refers to Wusong River, which originates from Taihu Lake, flows through Shanghai and flows into the Yangtze River, commonly known as Suzhou River. Others think it refers to "Jiangcun Bridge" and "Fengqiao Bridge". "Fengqiao" is located in the western suburb outside the south gate of Wuxian County (Luhemen). Its real name is "Fengqiao", but it was changed to "Fengqiao" because of this poem by Zhang Ji.
fishing fire: generally speaking, "fish fire" is the lights on fishing boats; It is also said that "fishing fire" is actually a fishing partner together.
to sleep with anxiety: it means to sleep with anxiety. This sentence personifies the words Jiang Feng and Yu Huo. It is the people who don't understand poetry in later generations who doubt how Jiang Feng can sleep in sorrow by fishing and fire, so there is a saying attached, saying that sleep in sorrow is the name of the mountain opposite Hanshan Temple.
Gusu: another name for Suzhou, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city.
Hanshan Temple: Near Fengqiao, it was built in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after Hanshan, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, who once lived here. In Xifengqiao Town, Suzhou City today. The real name is "Miaoliping pagoda", also known as Fengqiao Temple; Another way of saying it, "Hanshan" refers to the cold mountain, not the name of the temple. The temple has been rebuilt several times, and now the temple is newly built after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The temple bell was taken away by the Japanese during the Japanese invasion of China, and its whereabouts are unknown.
Midnight bell: At present, Buddhist temples ring the bell in the middle of the night (Spring Festival), but at that time, there was a habit of ringing the bell in the middle of the night, which was also called "impermanent bell" or "minute bell". Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, once questioned: "Poets are so greedy for good sentences that the reason doesn't make sense. This is the fault of writing articles, such as Zhang Ji's poem" The bell strikes the passenger ship at midnight ".Although the sentence is good, is it reasonable to strike the bell at midnight?" However, after many people's on-the-spot visits, I learned that Buddhist temples in Suzhou and neighboring areas have the custom of striking midnight.
What was the background when the author wrote this poem?
An Shi Rebellion broke out in January in the fourteenth year of Tianbao. Because the political situation in Jiangnan was relatively stable at that time, many scribes fled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to avoid chaos, including Zhang Ji. One autumn night, the poet berthed at the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries and made him write this poem with a clear artistic conception.
Knowing the writing background, we can better appreciate this poem:
The whole poem is composed of a sad word. The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frost all over the sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire and sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meaning and rhyme. These two sentences not only describe the scenery along the river in autumn night, but also express the author's homesickness. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the temple, the boat and the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. It is hard to see things when there is no moon at night, but the fishing fire is eye-catching, and the frost is cold; Midnight is the time of silence, but I hear the crow and the bells ringing. Such a bright and dark contrast, the silence and the sound set off, so that the scenery is all in love, the sound is all in the sound, the artistic conception is scattered and scattered, and it is muddy and far away. A faint ray of guest's sorrow is blurred and meaningful, swaying and drifting in the night sky of Gusu City, adding eternal customs to the bridge, the water, the temple and the city there, attracting dream seekers from ancient times to modern times. "Three Collections of Tang Poems" "The whole poem begins with' melancholy sleep', and the beauty lies in not saying it." "Zhasha Tang Poetry": "The word' to worry about sleep' is the whole chapter. Ming teased the word' worry', falsely wrote the scene of the evening, and tossed and turned. " "An Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poems": "This poem has the best syntax, which seems to be connected and broken, and it seems to be connected."
why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: "the moon is setting, the crow is crying, and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it will be about dawn, and the birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" in autumn night is suffused with the chill of soaking muscles and bones, and it surrounds the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside him is filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet stayed up all night with "Jiang Feng" and "Fishing Fire".
The poet's thinking is meticulous. Six scenes are included in just four poems, and a quiet and remote artistic conception is constructed in the most poetic language: fishing and fire are lit on the autumn night by the river, and travelers are trapped in the quiet night. The selection of all the scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and one is dark, and the collocation of the scenery and the mood of the characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for future generations. Its famous sentence is: "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship."
This poem is written in flashback. First, it describes the scene at dawn, and then it recalls the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is vivid, affectionate and full of scenes.
finally, introduce the author of this article here:?
Zhang Ji (about 715~ 779) was born in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Han nationality. Tang Dynasty poet, his life is unknown. According to the records of various schools, it is only known that he was a scholar in the twelfth year of Tianbao (AD 753). In the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, the ancestral department of the school, was the salt and iron judge of Hongzhou (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). His poems are hearty, incisive, deep and profound, and have a great influence on later generations. But unfortunately, less than 5 songs have been handed down. His most famous poem is a night-mooring near maple bridge.