Pan He Bai Zhou, also Pan Qiliu.
If you are worried, if you have hidden worries.
I don't have any wine, so I can swim in Aoyi.
I have an evil heart. I can't be rude
And brothers, you can't rely on them.
A thin word is complaining, and everyone else is angry.
My heart is full of stones, but I can't turn it around.
I'm full of bandits. I can't get involved.
Wei Yidi, don't be casual.
Trouble is quiet and small.
Many people are detained, but many are insulted.
Calm down and think about it, and there will be a slap in the face.
The sun, the moon and the moon, overlapping and tiny?
Trouble in my heart is like a robber washing clothes.
Think quietly, but can't fly.
Precautions:
1, Pan: Tong Pan, which means floating on the water. White boat: A boat made of cypress.
2. Flow: the middle of the water flow.
3, sadness: the look of sadness in my heart. May: Sleep.
4, hidden worry: the pain in my heart.
5. micro: no, no.
6. Hey: Like "Hey", travel.
7. bandit: no. Sword: mirror.
8. ru: accommodate and tolerate.
9, according to: rely on.
10, Xi: use "v" to tell and talk.
1 1, dignity: solemn appearance and behavior. Didi: Elegant and generous.
12, choice: flexibility, yield.
13, quietly; Look sad in my heart.
14, I am angry. Clique: Many wicked villains.
15, easy: loss. Min: Pain and sadness.
16, sleep: wake up and open; The same meaning as "getting in the way" means beating your chest. Pull it out; The way you beat your chest.
17, ju, Zhu: modal particles have no substantive meaning.
18, Hu: Why? Overlap: change, change. Micro: dull.
Translation:
Swing a small wooden boat and drift in the middle stream with the waves.
It's hard to fall asleep when I'm upset, and how sad I am.
I don't want to drink without wine, and there is no place to travel.
My heart is not that mirror, so I can't reflect everything.
Although you have flesh and blood brothers, you can't rely on them.
I also complained to him about my difficulties and made him angry.
My heart is not a stone, so I can't just turn it over.
My heart is not a mat, so I can't roll it up at will.
Raise your hand and be solemn, you can't give in, you can't give in.
The sadness and pain in my heart make it hard to offend small people.
Suffered a lot, suffered a lot of insults.
Meditate carefully, think back and forth, and beat your chest.
Where are the sun and the moon? Why is it sometimes dark?
The sadness in my heart cannot be erased, just like a dirty dress.
Think carefully before and after meditation, wishing I could not fly in the air.
Literary appreciation
The author and theme of this poem have always been controversial, and there is no conclusion so far. In short, in the Han Dynasty, there were not only arguments about modern ancient prose, but also different views among the three schools. "Lu Shi" claimed that this poem was written by "Mrs. Wei Xuan" and said: "Virgins refuse to change their minds, so there are bandit poems." (Liu Xiang's Biography of Lienuzhen), also with Lu Shi (see Wang Song's Textual Research on Yinglin's Poems). "Preface to Poetry" said: "White Boat has not met its words, but also defended the public. Benevolence is not met, and the villain is on the side. " This poem is written for men who don't know you, and writers of all ages have said it. Today, there are three schools, and Qi's poetics is the same as Preface to Poetry.
Since Zheng Xuan wrote "Shi Mao" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, many scholars believed that in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu strongly opposed the "Preface to Poetry", made a demonstration of the "Preface to Poetry" and made a biography of poetry, believing that "White Boat" was a female poem, thus forming a debate between Han and Song Dynasties. Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Zhu's Biography of Poetry has been listed as the imperial examination fame, which has a great influence. Scholars believe Zhu's theory, but there are also many skeptics. Ming, Qiyuan, Yao Jiheng, Fang Yurun, etc. all refuted and argued, and no consensus has been reached so far. Today's annotated version and translated version of the Book of Songs have their own versions, either written by men or written by women. Gao Feng's interpretation of The Book of Songs and Chen Zizhan's interpretation of The Book of Songs were written by men, while Yuan Mei's interpretation of The Book of Songs and Cheng Junying's interpretation of The Book of Songs were written by women.
These disputes are mainly divided into two groups: one group thinks that the author is a male benevolent government, and the other group thinks that the author is a female. Modern scholars believe that women did it. Observing the lyricism of the whole poem, there is a voice of sadness and no words of agitation, which is really unlike a man's tone. Judging from the content of the poem, this is a poem of resentment, which is about a woman who hurts herself and suffers untold pain.
The whole poem consists of five chapters and thirty sentences. The first chapter starts with "Pan-White Boat, Pan-"and compares it with White Boat. These two sentences are empty, and they are function words. The boat made of cypress is very strong, but it floats in the water and has no one to rely on. Here is a metaphor to describe a woman's vacillating mentality. Therefore, it will be "sleepless, if there are hidden worries", and when it is implemented with a pen, there will be a figure of a troubled woman sleeping in the dark night. Drinking and inviting people to travel can help people solve their worries, but this kind of "hidden worry" can not be solved by drinking and traveling, which shows that the pain is deep and it is difficult to sell. The second chapter is closely linked with the previous chapter, and it would be great if someone could share this unavoidable sadness! Although the woman is resigned to her fate, she is unbearable. At this moment, I want to get it off my chest. When you want to talk to someone, the first thing you think of is your brother, but it's "groundless." Reluctant to go, but also to "meet and hate each other late", old grievances have not been spit out, and new enemies have been added. Your own brothers and sisters are still like this, let alone others. Confucianism can't be said, and it can't be said. In the words of Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, it is really "the first time, how can I get a word of' sorrow'" ("Looking for a slow voice"). The third chapter is introspection. The first four sentences use metaphors to illustrate that although you can't worry, your inner firmness has a different stone pad, and you can't give in to others. "Only I Didi, you can't choose" means that although I can't tolerate others, others can't take away my ambition. I must keep my dignity and never give in. Its firmness deserves sympathy and even admiration. The fourth chapter of the poem answers the question of where the hero's mountain of sorrow and hatred comes from: it turned out to be bound by small groups and could not be dealt with. "There are many slaves and many insults" is a antithesis, telling the story of the protagonist, which is really full of bitterness. In the evening, I think about all this quietly, and I can't help but sigh and feel sorry for my life. At the end of the chapter, the first two sentences, "The sun lives in the moon, and the lake is very small", turn to the time when the sun and the moon are helpless. The sun and the moon are the messengers of heaven and the source of light. Poverty leads to poverty. "So, when you are tired and tired, you can't help but shout to heaven." (Sima Qian's words), women complain that the sun and the moon are obscure, in fact, because women's minds are too deep, so that the sun and the moon lose their luster. My heart is so eager for freedom, but I have the heart to fly and no strength to fly, so I can only give up with a sigh. Words are like tears, and the image of a sad and angry woman is in front of us. Who is the heroine and who is the villain is also controversial. Many supporters believe that the heroine is a noble woman and a small group of concubines.
The whole poem closely follows the word "worry", so deep that there is no resentment, no diarrhea and no solution. The five chapters are in one go, with dignified and euphemistic language and strong and profound feelings. The poet used a variety of rhetorical devices, and the use of metaphor was even more incisive. "My heart is full of bandits, but I can't turn around." My heart is full of bandits. Can't roll ",a few words are the most wonderful, and are often quoted by later poets.
Bai Zhou's The Book of Songs and Its Translation