"Envoy to the Fortress" depicts the strange and magnificent scenery outside the fortress, and expresses the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the border soldiers who are not afraid of hardships and sacrifice their lives for the country. Thoughts after reading Shi Zhi fortress 1
This poem is published in Volume 126 of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". The following is an appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhang Yanjin, an expert on ancient Chinese literature, a member of the Chinese Writers Association, and a former doctoral supervisor in the Chinese Department of Capital Normal University.
"Envoy to the Fortress" depicts the strange and magnificent scenery outside the fortress, and expresses the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the border soldiers who are not afraid of hardships and sacrifice themselves for the country; the narrative of this poem is concise and concise, and the pictures are Beautiful and magnificent.
"The bicycle wants to ask about the side", the light vehicle goes there, where is it going - "The country passes Juyan", Juyan is in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far away from the northwest frontier.
"The expedition leaves the Hansai River, and the returning wild geese enter the Hutian". The poet compares himself with "Peng" and "Yan", saying that he came to the "Hansai" like a fluffy grass blown away by the wind. , entering the "Hu Tian" like the "Guiyan" flying north. In ancient poems, flying puffs are often used to describe wanderers, but here they are used to describe a minister with a mission to the court, which is a metaphor for the poet's inner anger and depression. Echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. A journey of thousands of miles was conveyed in just ten words.
Then capture the typical scenery in the desert and describe it: "The desert is solitary and the smoke is straight, and the sun is setting over the long river."
The last two sentences are written when arriving at the frontier fortress: "When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will protect Yan Ran." When they arrived at the border fortress, they did not meet the general. The scout told the envoy that the general was at the front line of Yanran.
The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning - describing scenes. The author's mission happened to be in spring. On the way, he saw several lines of returning geese flying north. The poet created a metaphor based on the scene and used the returning geese to compare himself. He not only narrated the story but also described the scenery. It was two strokes in one stroke, which was appropriate and natural. In particular, the couplet "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the border fortress seen after entering the border fortress. The border desert is vast and boundless, so the word "big" in "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and there are no wonders. The thick smoke from the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "lone smoke". The character "solitary" expresses the monotony of the scenery, while the character "straight" immediately following it expresses the beauty of its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River that runs through it cannot express the poet's feelings without using the word "long". The sunset can easily give people a sentimental impression, but the word "round" is used here, but it gives people a warm, warm and boundless feeling. The word "round" and the word "straight" not only accurately depict the scene of the desert, but also express the author's deep feelings. The poet skillfully dissolves his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scene. The passage in Xiang Lingxue's poem in the 48th chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions" can be regarded as expressing the superb artistic realm of these two poems. After reading it, 2
Since the founding of the Tang Dynasty, various The Fanyi tribes on the other side continued to invade, and the Tang government had to strengthen border defenses to cope with the war. Sometimes they also take advantage of the victory to drive north, with the intention of expanding their territory. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, many poets joined the shogunate of senior generals guarding the border and served as their military and record office. These poets wrote poems about what they saw and heard on the frontier fortress, so the scenery of the frontier fortress and military life became new themes for poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This type of poetry is called "frontier poetry" in literary history. There are not many poems of this type in Wang Wei's collection of poems, but contemporary poets Gao Shi, Cen Shen and Wang Changling are famous for writing frontier fortress poems.
This poem by Wang Wei is a famous work selected in many anthologies of Tang poetry. The poem describes the scenery a man with a court mission saw when he arrived at the border fortress. Some people think that this "envoy" is Wang Wei himself. Because Wang Wei went to Saishang as an envoy in the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737 AD) and served as a judge in the Liangzhou Jiedu envoy Cui Xiyi's shogunate. If so, the title should be "Serving the Envoy to the Fortress". Now there is no word "feng", so it can be seen that the word "envoy" refers to ordinary envoys. Looking at the content of this poem, it is completely objective in writing and does not express the author's own tone. It can also be seen that this poem cannot be understood as Wang Wei's self-narration.
The words "bicycle" and "subordinate country" in the first couplet are both pronouns for "messenger". Li Ling's "Reply to Su Wushu" said: "A messenger with a single step is suitable for a captive with ten thousand horses." The original meaning is that the messenger did not bring many people and horses, and only one car was enough. Later poets and writers simplified "bicycle messenger" to "bicycle" as the pronoun of the messenger. "Suguo" is the abbreviation of the official name "Diansuguo" in the Qin and Han Dynasties. This official was in charge of the barbarian tribes that surrendered. Therefore, "vassal state" became a pronoun for diplomats. Juyan is an ancient place name in the area of ??Zhangye and Jiuquan in present-day Gansu Province. In the Han Dynasty, this place bordered the Xiongnu. Once these three terms are explained clearly, this couplet will be easy to understand. Two sentences and ten words, it just means that the envoy is going to the frontier fortress, has already passed Juyan and entered Hudi. The two sentences above and below are really repetitive. Both "bicycle" and "subordinate to the country" are used. "Guojuyan" means "asking the side". Two sentences with only one concept. In terms of poetry, this can be regarded as committing the disease of "putting your hands together", just like two palms put together. Poets in the Tang Dynasty did not pay attention to this kind of poetic disease, but after the Song Dynasty, they paid great attention to it and did not make such couplets. Du Fu's poem said: "Now I want to go east to the sea, and I am about to go west to Qin.
" ("Twenty-two Rhymes to Wei Zuocheng") "Today's desire" means "about to", and "to the east into the sea" means "to the west of Qin". The two lines of the poem only say one thing. Bai Juyi's poem said: "The distant fragrance invades The ancient road leads to the desolate city with clear green scenery. "("Farewell to the Ancient Original Grass") This is a poem about chanting grass, and the next sentence is the previous sentence. Lang Shiyuan's poem: "You can't hear the cicadas at dusk, nor can you hear the falling leaves. " ("Farewell Qianqi") "Not audible" means "not worthy of hearing." These are examples of palm-clasping cited by commentators in the Song Dynasty.
The chin couplet means that the envoy has passed Juyan, Like billowing dust, it left the frontier fortress of the Han family, and flew into the sky above Hu Tian like geese returning from the north. "Zhengpeng" refers to the dust and sand flying on the ground, and people in the south of the Yangtze River still carry it with the wind. The dust that comes is called "Pengchen". "Out of Hansai" and "Into Hutian" also suffer from the disease of joining hands, so this pairing is also a dead pair. It's great. I can see the beacon smoke reaching into the sky in the distance over a large desert, and the sunset over the river, without any clouds, looks extraordinarily round and big. The desert, the long river, the solitary smoke, and the sunset capture the characteristics of the northwest plateau. " "Lone smoke straight" and "setting sun round" mean that the weather is fine, windless and cloudless, which are also the climate characteristics of the desert.
The last couplet says that when the envoy arrived at Xiaoguan, he met the cavalry patrolling and reconnaissance, and asked , I learned that the military headquarters of the Protectorate was still in Yanran Mountain, which was far away from here. * In the territory of Heguo. General Dou Xian of the Han Dynasty conquered Shanyu and stationed himself in Yanran Mountain. He carved an inscription on the mountain to commemorate his achievements. Duhu was the official name of the Han Dynasty. Duhu of the Western Regions was the highest officer guarding the northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.
The theme of Wang Wei's poem is to describe the vast territory of the Western Regions at that time. After passing Juyan, we have already left the border fortress of the Han Dynasty, but now it is still the territory of the Tang Dynasty. Pass, then I realized that the station of the Governor (who was the Jiedushi at that time) was still far away. From this point of view, the frontier fortress in the Tang Dynasty expanded thousands of miles westward than that in the Han Dynasty. However, Wang Wei's geographical concept seems to be wrong. . Xiaoguan is in the east, and Juyan is in the west. If you have passed Juyan, you should have already left Xiaoguan. Wang Wei also wrote in his poem "Crossing the Fortress", which says: "It is time to monitor and write on the fortress." "The first sentence of this poem says: "Outside Juyan City, I am hunting for geniuses. "It can be seen that he has been to Juyan. I don't know why he mentioned Juyan here before leaving Xiaoguan. As for Yanran Mountain, it is not the place where the Jiedushi of the Western Regions established his residence. Wang Wei's use of this place name is probably just for the people at that time. The Jiedushi complimented him and compared him to Dou Xian. Not only did this last couplet use Yan Ranshan, which was puzzling, but these two lines of poetry were not Wang Wei's creation at all. He copied Yu Shinan's "Yu Shinan". The poem "Planning to Drink Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" says: "When I met envoys in brocade clothes before me, they were all guarding me at Loulan. "It is in line with the geographical situation in Loulan. Wang Wei could have completely borrowed Yu Shinan's sentence in this poem, but for the sake of rhyme, he had to change "Loulan" to "Yanran", which was a bad change. Thoughts after reading 3
Wang Wei, courtesy name Mojie, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem was written by Wang Wei when he was on a mission to the border fortress as a censor. In Tubo, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go to the capital to appease and inspect the military affairs. This actually meant that Wang Wei was excluded from the imperial court. This poem was written when the poet left the capital on his way to the Hexi Jiedushi shogunate. When I was at the frontier fortress, I felt angry and melancholy. The meaning of "Shi Zhizhi Shang" is: I was ordered to go to the frontier fortress.
This poem, lines 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Describe the scene. But both the narrative and the scene are filled with the author's endless passion.
The first couplet "Bicycle wants to ask about the side." "Guo Guo Juyan" means "I am traveling in a light carriage to inspect the military situation from the border fortress, and I have to pass through Juyan, a vassal state in the Western Han Dynasty." "Bicycle" indicates that the equipment of this mission is simple and there are not many followers. "Guo Juyan" points out The mission was a long journey, and he had to go through the country of Juyan and reach the northwest border. Although it was a sentence explaining the purpose and itinerary of the mission, the author's loneliness, loneliness and depression were still revealed from the lines.
The couplet reads "Conquer Peng and leave the Han Dynasty. "Hu Tian, ??the man who returns to the wild goose". The author associates the scenery in front of him with "Zheng Peng" and "Gui Yan" with his own situation: he was squeezed out of the court, just like the fluffy grass drifting in the wind. He drifted out of Hansai alone. , and the desolate flying man Hu Tian Frontier Fortress like Guiyan. Although it is a description of the scene, the poet's inner feelings of anger and depression due to being excluded are vividly and concretely displayed.
The neck couplet "The lonely smoke is straight in the desert." ", the sun sets over the long river," depicts a desolate and magnificent picture: in the vast desert wilderness, a thick smoke rises alone. At the end of the mighty Yellow River. A sunset slowly descends. The picture is majestic And the magnificence, through the author's exquisite description, the readers can imagine the sky and white clouds beyond the poem, and also experience the author's solemn and lonely emotions melted into the natural scenery, flowing away with the rolling water of the Yellow River. This famous line that has been passed down through the ages not only shows. The strange scenery of the desert also paved the way for the changes in the emotions expressed below.
The last couplet "Xiao Guan meets Hou Qi, all guarding Yan Ran" pushes the poet's emotions to a climax: encountering the frontline patrol. When a soldier learned from "Hou Qi" that the "Total Protector" was at Yanran (the front line), his depression and loneliness were immediately overwhelmed by the excitement and patriotism. He was simply obsessed with personal gains and losses, and became obsessed with the soldiers guarding the border. Praise and a desire for national tranquility.
This sublimation makes readers' eyes light up. We seem to feel the brave and mighty spirit of the poet in his youth and his ambition to make achievements.
Su Shi called Wang Wei's poem "there is painting in the poem", and this poem also reflects this characteristic. One is the combination of narrative and lyricism. The words "ask" and "guo" in the first couplet, and the words "out" and "in" in the chin couplet. The words "meeting" and "zai" in the last couplet. these six verbs. Clearly outlines the poet's lonely journey in the desert. The poet's emotions are constantly changing along with the journey: when riding a bicycle, he feels depressed and lonely; when he sees Hou Qi and learns the news about the Protector, his emotions change from sadness to excitement. Patriotism arose spontaneously. The second is the blending of scenes and the emotions arising from the scenes. In the couplet, when the poet saw Zheng Peng and returning geese, his inner loneliness changed from abstract to concrete. I am also wandering like a flying goose or a returning wild goose. When I saw the wisps of solitary smoke rising in the desert, and the spectacular scene of the setting sun melting gold in the Yellow River rolling eastward, my mind suddenly opened up. The vast and majestic scenery not only highlights the poet's lonely and tragic feelings. And it makes people feel that they are influenced and purified by the majestic scenery of the desert. The poet's excited and high-spirited patriotism surged out.
In short, the majestic and spectacular scenery and the surging passion have made it a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.