1. The part of speech is flexible 1. The wall of the item is under the wall, using nouns as verbs to station. Item 2 begins at night, with nouns as adverbials, while at night, 3. He ran out of the south, used nouns as adverbials and walked south. 4. Xiang Wang Naifu led the troops eastward, taking nouns as verbs and heading eastward. 5. He pitied the elders in Jiangdong. "He ..." Wei "has a fixed structure, consisting of adverb" He "and modal particle" Wei ". What is this prepositional object sentence? Sentences with prepositional objects. 3. Function words: How are they? Modal particles at the end of a sentence are often used as pronouns, indicating that a horse can ride and a baby is chased by five thousand horses. The pronoun means that Xiang Yu is trapped here today, and the death of this day means that he is not guilty of non-war, which is also a structural auxiliary. 4. Keywords 1, the wall of Wang Jun: the army is a noun-verb, the land is red, and the wall is a noun. Like a wall. 2. So Wang Xiang Nye's elegy is impassioned. 3. Pull up the mountain and shake the world: pull up, shake, cover, surpass, overwhelm and surpass. 4. Wang Xiang's tears are as follows: Weep for tears. 5. Plain dawn (Pingdan). 6. Thousands of miles: land/side: Fiona Fang. 7. Go to Dongcheng, Nai.
2. Speed
The teaching plan of Xiang Yu's Death 1. Teaching objective: 1. Cultivate the ability of self-study in classical Chinese: sort out knowledge points and confirm key words; Solve difficult problems with notes and reference books; Learn to communicate and learn, improve learning efficiency and make progress together.
(First class) 2. Grasp the content of the article, contact the old article, and master the method of evaluating the image of historical figures. Second, the key points and difficulties: 1, dredge the meaning of the text, determine the key words and sentences, understand and remember.
2. Evaluate the characters through the plot. Teaching AIDS: Blackboard IV. Schedule: 2 class hours 5. Introduction to the second class hour of the teaching process: Please recite the Song of Songs together.
What kind of image do you feel from this poem? (clear: brave, gentle, tragic).
The image of Xiang Yu, a historical figure, is multifaceted. This poem shows an aspect of his character.
Let's experience other aspects of the tragic hero's personality. Second, taste the language and analyze the characters. The unit tips in Unit 4 tell us that this article is to create characters.
Please study the text carefully and taste the special images of those languages. And write down the images you taste.
This plot is mainly done by students. Analyze the image of historical figures from the plot of the article or the language of the characters. For example, the first paragraph, the main plot: besieged on all sides-generous elegy, I can only help you here.
3. The knowledge points of classical Chinese of Xiang Yu's death should be detailed: 1. Generic word 2. Ancient and modern objections 3. This word has many meanings and loves to ask questions.
First, use 1 flexibly in part of speech.
The wall of the item is squatting on the lower wall, the noun is a verb, and it is stationed at 2. Wang Xiang gets up at night, the noun is adverbial, at 3: 00 in the evening.
Straight (hour) night collapses around the south and goes out to the south. Wang Xiang Neve led his army eastward. This noun is used as a verb to March eastward.
To the east of the Yangtze River, the father and the elder are merciful, and the noun is a verb, so that … what can I do if I die in two days? "Ta … Wei" is a fixed structure, which consists of adverb "Ta" and modal particle "Wei".
What is the sentence of this prepositional object? Sentences with prepositional objects. 3. Function words: How are they? Modal particles at the end of a sentence are often used as pronouns, indicating that a horse can ride and a baby is chased by five thousand horses. The pronoun means that Xiang Yu is trapped here today, and the death of this day means that he is not guilty of non-war, which is also a structural auxiliary. 4. Keywords 1, the wall of Wang Jun: the army is a noun-verb, the land is red, and the wall is a noun. 3, pull the mountain and smother the world: pull, shake.
Cover, surpass, overwhelm, surpass. 4. Wang Xiang cried several times: crying is tears; 5. It's dawn in Pingming (Pingdan); 6. A thousand miles of land: the land of Fiona Fang; 7. To Dongcheng, there are twenty-eight riding: adverbs, just asking what this world is, but I didn't expect there to be Chinese: adverbs, actually, actually.
4. (Death of Xiang Yu) Text
Xiang Yu met at the end of the Qin dynasty, "in the spirit of winning every battle, he covered it for a while and cracked the world with his hands" (Dr. He Bei Lun).
Unexpectedly, it suddenly fell apart in the Chu-Han War. Remember the past and learn from the future. Xiang Yu's successful life journey has left many thoughts for future generations.
Throughout the ages, great achievements have been made. Looking at the research results of Xiang Yu's failure in the past two decades, it is not difficult to find that people strive to examine this magical historical figure from multiple angles and in all directions.
This paper tries to make a brief comment on the research results of Xiang Yu's failure in recent twenty years. First, the quality theory starts from Xiang Yu's lack of the qualities that politicians should have. These scholars are Wei Xun, Chen Yukuan, Wang, Gong Pengjiu and Chen.
Wei Xun believes in Xiang Yu's defeat (1August 23, 984) that Xiang Yu's failure is because he has no ambition to govern the country and secure the country, so his struggle has always lacked a correct political goal. Xiang Yu lost the hearts of the people without ambition. How can he be unbeaten? Chen Yukuan, on the other hand, thinks that Xiang Yu's ambition to strive for the world and unify China is an important guide for him to give up halfway (Why Chu and Han contended and defeated Han, Journal of Zhejiang Normal University,No. 1994,No. 1 period).
In the article On Liu Bang and Xiang Yu (No.2 Anhui History, 1992), Wang thought that Xiang Yu's political naivety made him make an anachronistic choice when he was in Dingge, which was the starting point of his downfall. Gong Pengjiu believes that ignorance is the most fundamental reason for Xiang Yu's defeat (Analysis of the Reasons for Xiang Yu's Defeat of Wujiang River, Journal of Changde Teachers College, No.4, 1997).
Chen believes that Xiang Yu not only knows how to learn Sun Tzu's art of war, but also knows how to learn Sun Tzu's art of war, so he can really learn Sun Tzu's art of war. Moreover, Xiang Yu has the best talent in the world. Unfortunately, Xiang Yu, who has military talent, does not have much political strategy and skills (On the Art of War of Xiang Yu, Zhejiang Academic Journal, No.2, 2000).
Among the above scholars, Wei Xun and Chen Yukuan are located in Xiang Yu's ambition, but their views on ambition are slightly different; Gong Pengjiu locked Xiang Yu's academic attitude; Wang emphasized the harm of Xiang Yu's low political quality; Chen Yexin highlighted Xiang Yu's talent but had no plan; Ambition is high, and great ambition is the driving force to inspire people to pursue their ideals in life. And quality is the fundamental guarantee for the success or failure of a person's career.
Only the perfect combination of ambition and quality can make personal career more successful. Second, the employer said that Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, thought that he defeated Xiang Yu because he reused Sean, Han Xin and Xiao He, three outstanding figures of Han Dynasty.
Many scholars have demonstrated this and put forward many viewpoints. In the article Chu-Han War and the Employment of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu (Journal of Suzhou University, No.3, 1986), Wang Ming thinks that Xiang Yu is headstrong, suspicious and forgetful.
The basis of talent selection is respecting the name, which is the concept of respecting talents. Therefore, the key to the victory of Han and Chu lies in Liu Hexiang's different views on talents.
Qiu Yongming believes that Xiang can't use his talents, let alone his talents. Xiang Yu was strict in employing people and cronyism; In the attitude of employing people, Xiang Yu is headstrong; On the employment policy, Xiang Yu is suspicious of talents (Liu Xiang's employment gains and losses and the dispute between Han and Chu, history teaching issues,No. 199 1 issue).
Liu Ming thinks that Xiang Yu's tragedy lies in his self-reliance and bravery, and he doesn't listen to everyone's opinions in his article "Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu" (Exploration and Realism, No.4, 1994). After all, a person's ability is limited, and only the strength of everyone and the collective is infinite.
Only by concentrating the wisdom of all people can we stand in the world, but item can't absorb and digest different opinions. Gong Pengjiu thinks: Xiang Yu has lost the opportunity to use talents (Analysis of the Reasons for Xiang Yu's Defeat of Wujiang River, Journal of Changde Teachers College, No.4, 1997).
In the article "From the Death of Xiang Yu" (People's Public Security, No.8, 1997), Chen Youfang thinks that Xiang Yu's prisoners are not good at employing people, have no cohesion and have no core. Xiang Yu's defeat was due to his unkindness to talents.
He lacked the skills to control talents like Liu Bang, so he could only keep people away and die with his arm broken. Among the above scholars, Wang Ming emphasized the limitations of Xiang Yu's talent view; Qiu Yongming pointed out that Xiang Yu could not give full play to his collective talents. Liu Ming emphasized that employers should handle the relationship between individuals and collectives well; Gong Pengjiu hit the nail on the head and pointed out that Xiang Yu was ignorant. Chen Youfang believes that treating and controlling talents is the top priority.
On the issue of employing people, most scholars focus on the mistakes in employing people. As we all know, the premise of employing people is discerning people, and the key to employing people is usefulness.
Those who gain scholars prosper, and those who lose scholars die. This is a basic historical law.
As a leader, it is the last problem that cannot be ignored. Third, the theory of ideas has constraints and constraints on human behavior. Advanced thoughts are conducive to people's active pioneering and enterprising, while backward thoughts imprison and ossify people's thoughts.
Wang Taige holds that the key to Liu Bang's prosperity and Xiang Yu's sudden death lies in Liu Bang's sober political consciousness and Xiang Yu's vague political consciousness (Journal of Yindu 1994, No.2). Whether the political consciousness is clear or not determines whether the strategic decision is correct.
Moreover, political consciousness is first manifested in the attitude towards the people; Secondly, it is manifested in the judgment of the general trend of the world and the distinction between ourselves and the enemy; Finally, it is manifested in the attitude towards Yidi. Xiang Yu ruined his country because of his vague political consciousness.
Teng Xincai thinks that the consciousness of small farmers is a universal way of thinking in ancient China society. It is characterized by narrowness, conservatism, selfishness and vanity.
At the same time, it is pointed out that the consciousness of small farmers is not insurmountable, and Liu Bang boarded the Ninth Five-Year Plan because he paid attention to overcoming it. Xiang Yu was buried in Sri Lanka and died in Sri Lanka (on Chen Sheng, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang's consciousness of small farmers, Journal of Yantai Normal University, No.2, 1995).
Li Jingshan thinks that Xiang Yu is short-sighted, simple in military concept and militaristic. He couldn't combine military struggle with political struggle, which eventually led to failure (Discussion on the Reasons for the Victory and Failure of Chu-Han War, Journal of Suihua Teachers College, No.4, 1994).
Li Renshou believed that when the Qin Dynasty was overthrown and the task of extinction was completed, a new time change was needed. Xiang did not learn from the ancient founding monarch and practiced benevolent government, nor did he change his aggressive concept and style.
Or play their own violent inertia. The fate of all historical figures engaged in political struggle.
5. Xiang Yu's death is the best lesson plan, preferably a novel.
1. In the colorful historical picture of Historical Records, Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, is the most tragic hero.
Like Shun, Xiang Yu, as a "heavy pupil", was also "able to carry the tripod and outstanding in talent", but in the end he committed suicide in Wujiang River, ending his short and brilliant life, leaving people with endless melancholy and sadness. Today, we have entered Death of Xiang Yu, the last stage of Xiang Yu's life, and the inner world of Xiang Yu, so as to further improve our understanding of Xiang Yu and enrich the image of Xiang Yu in our hearts.
2. Learning goal 1, taste the language and interpret the artistic image of Xiang Yu. 2. Compare the difference between poetry and creation.
3. Cooperative learning explores the value of Xiang Yu's death. Third, the teaching process 1, read the text, grasp the image. This paper describes the last stage of Xiang Yu's life and shows his helpless failure and tragic death, which is the most tragic scene in Xiang Yu's biography.
Focusing on the tragic hero Xiang Yu, this paper describes three scenes: the siege of Gaixia, the quick battle in Dongcheng and the strangulation in Wujiang River. Please choose your favorite plot from three scenes, read it carefully and read out your feelings. What sentences do you think moved you in this clip, and what character does Xiang Yu show? The first paragraph focuses on two consecutive events: "besieged on all sides" and "generous elegy".
Elegy of Generosity, lamenting my bad luck and reluctant to part with my concubine, is full of sadness and helplessness. Xiang Yu is a brave and generous gentleman. At the moment when he expected the fate of failure, he sang "Heart Melody", adding a tender feeling to the image of Xiang Yu.
Elegy of Generosity fully shows Xiang Yu's sentimental character. Men don't cry lightly, but Xiang Yu "cried a few lines" at this moment, rendering the sadness of a desperate hero.
The hero of the earth burst into tears after singing, so that people around him could not bear to witness such a scene. Don't Look Up described the unbearable feelings of soldiers and the tragic situation of bullies.
Summary: the first paragraph: the dilemma of Gaixia's siege. Main plot: Embattled-Generous Elegy 1. Please find five verbs that indicate Xiang Yu's actions when he was attacked from all sides. (Startled-Up-Drinking-Singing-Crying) 2. This shows Xiang Yu's character: sentimental. In the second and third paragraphs, he wrote about the rapid war in the East.
The second paragraph describes the process of Xiang Yu's successful breakthrough from Gaixia to being trapped in Dongcheng again. In the first half of this paragraph, the changes in the escape route and military strength are clearly explained, and the war situation and Xiang Yu's situation are clear at a glance.
The second half is what Xiang Yu said in this desperate situation. Xiang Yu believes that "this pawn is trapped here.
My death today is not a war crime. "Death is just around the corner. He still does not objectively analyze his mistakes in the battle, but blames fate, which shows Xiang Yu's extreme conceit.
Xiang Yu also said, "I swear to death today and I am willing to fight for you." Knowing that he was going to die, he didn't back down, and he was willing to fight well, which reflected his brave and strong manhood. "I am willing to fight for you" shows that Xiang Yu's decisive battle is not for the result of the war, but for being carefree, showing his bravery and invincibility to the fullest and protecting his reputation for life. Just like a performance before the curtain falls, it should end in perfection.
If "quick war" is changed to "decisive battle", it will taste like a larger foe, and Xiang Yu's pleasure and satisfaction will be gone. Summary: the second paragraph: Gaixia broke through and was trapped in Dongcheng. The main plot: the siege broke out at night-Ozawa was trapped-determined to fight quickly 1. In this paragraph, what Xiang Yu said to his subordinates accounted for a large part. Please read carefully and analyze the meaning expressed.
Glorious past, failed today. Repeatedly stressed: "The death of this day is not a war crime." )
-2. This shows Xiang Yu's character: conceited and brave. The third paragraph describes Xiang Yu's encirclement and suppression of Dongcheng. * * * wrote three movements of Xiang Yu: for the first time, the overwhelming momentum of Xiang Yu was rendered through "Wang Xiang shouted, galloped and was invincible", and "Sui" wrote that Xiang Yu was easy to chop ginger.
In the second action, Xiang Yu did not start work. He only scared off the enemy soldiers with his eyes and voice. "Angry at his eyes, shocking his red spring, can make a few miles." It is difficult to distinguish between pursuers and deserters.
Xiang Yu's thrilling power is vividly on the paper. In the third action, Xiang Yu beheaded a captain and killed hundreds of people, while "two riders died", which once again rendered Wang Xiang's bravery and invincibility through comparison.
No wonder he proudly called his riding "He Ru", which once again showed his conceit. Summary: The third paragraph: Three actions in the battle of the siege of Dongcheng: the first time: Xiang Yu-yelling, flying down, beheading the generals/Han army-invincible 1 Is there any special ideographic function of the word "sui" in "Sui Jian Yi Jiang"? (Explain that Xiang Yu is easy to "cut the Han generals", which shows Xiang Yu's bravery and good fighting skills. )
The second time: Xiang Yu-the red-eyed Hou in spring-both men and women were shocked and changed their minds to Wan Li (by contrast, Xiang Yu's bravery was shown. The third time: Xiang Yuzhi beheaded a captain of Han, killing hundreds of people; Killing two riders ("Killing a Hundred Men") shows Xiang Yu's brave and unstoppable battle scene, showing Xiang Yu's bravery and good fighting skills. )
2. Three movements, from different angles, show Xiang Yu's tiger-like momentum and fighting capacity, and Wu Ying's image is vivid. Very wonderful! After three moves, Xiang Yu and his men had a dialogue. What's the effect? (Explain that Xiang Yu's heroic killing of the enemy just now was mainly to prove to his subordinates that his failure was "I am dead now, not a crime of war." )
3. This shows Xiang Yu's character: brave and conceited. In the last paragraph of the article, Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang. This paragraph describes two scenes.
The first scene was that Wujiang refused to cross the river and gave it to Ma Tingchang. Xiang Yu originally wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward, but when he really came to the bank of the Wujiang River, he denied his decision.
Xiang Yu smiled and said, "What can I do if the sky dies?" ! Besides, 8,000 people crossed the river to the west with Jiangdong's children, and none of them came back today. How can I see them? If you don't say anything, is a person worth it? "These words are from the heart, showing Xiang Yu's sense of shame and righteousness. Choose calmly between life and righteousness, survival and maintaining dignity.
The bloody man who once "cried a few lines" smiled instead. The smile of "Wang Xiang Abortion" is not a forced self-restraint, not a sad smile, but a strong person's contempt for death, a calm and serene smile.
Xiang Yu and his entourage all dismounted and walked, and rushed into the heavy.
6. Xiang Yu's death, the knowledge points are in the following paragraph, detailed.
1. Parts of speech use (1) nouns as verbs 1, Xiang Jun in the lower wall, nouns as verbs, Xiang Wang Nai sent troops to the east, nouns as verbs, eight thousand sons from Jiangdong crossed Jiangxi, nouns as verbs, westward journey, westward expedition 4, Shandong Phase III.
1. Wang Xiang gets up at night.
2. So Wang Xiangnai wants to cross the Wujiang River eastward, which is an adverbial to the east.
Second, special sentences:
(A) adverbial post-sentence
1, beverage account (ellipsis; Adverbial postposition sentence)
In the account of drinking, in the account of drinking (entering), "(entering) account" is the post-object structure.
Drinking in the army account
2, left, trapped in osawa (ellipsis, adverbial post-sentence)
Wang Xiang led his men to the left and got stuck in the swamp.
3. Is a person worth it? (adverbial post-sentence)
"Xin" is a post-object-object structure.
Ji Xiang, am I not ashamed? "
4. I heard that Han bought my head and daughter, and there are thousands of households (ellipsis; Adverbial postposition sentence)
I heard that Han spent thousands of dollars on my head.
"(having) the first daughter, every household" is the post-object structure.
I heard that Hanwang offered a reward of 1,000 Jin of gold, and every household in the city wanted my head.
(B) attributive post-sentence
1, he has more than 800 strong men riding.
Under his command, more than 800 strong men rode behind.
2. Riding can belong to 100 people's ears.
Only 100 cavalry can follow.
There were thousands of riders in Han Dynasty.
There are thousands of China cavalry in pursuit.
1, people stop (passive sentence)
All the enemies I resisted were defeated.
However, today's chess pieces are trapped here (passive sentence)
But now I'm finally stuck here.
1, the death on this day is not a war crime (judgment)
This is God's attempt to destroy me, not the fault of the fight.
(5) Fixed structure
1, without crossing
"None", fixed structure. It consists of the verb "nothing" and the preposition "to". The way (of doing ...)
There is no way to cross it.
Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. ("Persuade to Learn")
Wang and Pei Gong drink, but the army is unhappy. Please dance with a sword. ("The Hongmen Banquet")
2, I am dead, what should I do!
"Why ... for", a fixed structure, means rhetorical question. It means: "Why ...! "
Big banks don't care about details, and gifts are not small. Now, man is a knife and I am a fish. Why should I resign? ("The Hongmen Banquet").
Is it okay to be alone?
Express rhetorical questions. It means, "Don't you ...? "
Is it worthwhile to be alone? (Death of Xiang Yu)
Third, function words
1.
(1) Often riding: it is a pronoun and refers to a horse.
(2) Make the official riding camp chase it with 5,000 riders: wisdom, as a pronoun, here refers to Xiang Yu.
(3) Today's death: there is no translation between subject and predicate.
(4) Non-war crimes: one is structural auxiliary words, and the other is:
(1) adverb, which means that things follow each other and translates as "Cai". Pingming, the Han army knows.
Time is closely linked, which can be translated as "JIU"
Left, but trapped in daze.
(3) only, only. There are twenty-eight riders.
(4) Conjunction, table order. so
He committed suicide.
(5) In fact, I didn't know there were Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. Fourth, key words
1, so Wang Xiang is graciously generous: generosity is passionate.
2, pull the mountain and smother the world: pull, shake. Cover, surpass, overwhelm, surpass.
3. Wang Xiang cried several times: crying, tears.
4, Pingming (Pingdan) Dawn
The land is a thousand miles away: the land is Fiona Fang.
6. To Dongcheng, there are twenty-eight riders: adverbs, only, only.
When you ask what the world is, you don't know that there is a Korean adverb: unexpected, but.
7. I heard that Han bought my eldest daughter, and every household bought it, offering a reward for capture.
8. I am the favor and interest of Joad.
Five, interchangeable words
1, ride down all the way, say "take it" and take it orally.
Wujiang Pavilion has been waiting for the ship to dock for a long time.
7. Arrangement of key sentence patterns of Xiang Yu's death
1. Under the wall: the army is a noun-verb, standing on the shore and standing on the wall: the wall is a noun-adverbial, like a wall. 2. So Xiang Wang is an impassioned elegy: impassioned.
3, pull the mountain and smother the world: pull, shake. Cover, surpass, overwhelm, surpass.
4. Wang Xiang cried several times; Crying is tears; 5. Pingming (Pingdan) breaks dawn; 6. The land is thousands of miles away; 7. To Dongcheng, there are twenty-eight riding: adverbs, just asking what the world is now. I don't know if there are any Chinese: adverbs, actually, but using a special sentence pattern: 1, riding can belong to. 2. What can I do when the sky dies? "Ta … Wei" is a fixed structure, which consists of adverb "Ta" and modal particle "Wei".
Used to ask reasons or backchat. It can be translated as "why" and "how". What is the sentence of this prepositional object? Wait a minute. Are all the sentences of prepositional objects function words: Do all Han people get Chu? The modal particles at the end of the sentence are often used as pronouns, referring to riding a horse and riding a baby. The pronoun means that Xiang Yu is trapped here now, and the death of this day is my subject and predicate.
8. Appreciation of the high school textbook "Death of Xiang Yu"
This paper describes the last career of the tragic hero Xiang Yu, mainly showing his heroic demeanor when he failed. Through the description of three scenes, namely, the siege of Gaixia, the quick battle in Dongcheng and the suicide in Wujiang, the author depicts his character from multiple angles and levels.
There are children of Farewell My Concubine, and there are brave and good warriors in the encirclement of Dongcheng.
There are both the ignorance and conceit of Yin Ling who lost her way and lost to Heaven, and the shame and kindness of Wujiang who refused to cross the river and gave her head to Ma Tingchang and her old friend.
The author is also good at reasonable artistic treatment in the key links of historical facts, and has written many vivid and vivid details, such as the eternal elegy of Yu Yu, the chance of life and death of Tianfu Secret (Dai Si), the sense of shame for parents, and the last scene for Ma Ci-tou. , so that this text has reached a magnificent and tragic aesthetic realm, which makes people sad to read.