The creation of poets such as William Wang, Wang Changling, Li Qi, Cui Hao and Zuyong.
Along with landscape poets such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, there are also a group of chivalrous men with northern masculinity. They are keen on fame and fortune in the world, and they are very confident and arrogant. Although their situation after becoming an official is quite different from the ideal of life they pursue and they feel frustrated, they still have outstanding spirit. Their poetry creation has created a clear, vigorous and healthy beauty with the same style of generosity, handsomeness and awe-inspiring.
Most of these heroic poets with distinctive personalities are Korean literati from Jinshi, and their literary activities are mainly concentrated in Kaiyuan and Tianbao years. William Wang is one of the scholars and an earlier one. Born in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), the year of birth and death is unknown. In the first year of Zong Jingyun's reign (7 10), Yu Rui became a monk as a scholar, and he was arrogant and indulgent. When Jinshi went to the official department to explain the election after boarding the third grade, he divided the domestic scribes into nine grades and posted them on the east street of the official department. There are only three people in the first class, except Zhang and Li Yong, who are known as "a generation of literate scholars". The other one is himself, and his conceit is almost arrogant. After he became an official, he lived a dissolute life, played with talented men and chivalrous men, drank and hid prostitutes, so he was demoted to Daozhou Sima and died in office.
William Wang's wild and unruly behavior mentality is typical among the scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It is related to the naked pursuit of fame and fortune, and has the idea of eating, drinking and having fun in time. He said in "Complaining about Ancient Emei": "Life will last for half a century, so don't regret Long song. Knowing that you can't be private during the day, what is enough for a lifetime? " The character of debauchery is inevitably frivolous in the eyes of future generations, but it embodies the extremely open mind and heroism unique to literati at that time. Therefore, Wang Xiongjun, an eloquent word, is regarded as one of the "two Liangzhou Ci Poems":
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
Lian's poems are full of vigor and vitality, and they are full of sober, firm and frustrated spirit. William Wang doesn't have many poems, but this poem is famous enough.
The Seven Wonders of Wang Changling are better than those of William Wang, not only in quality, but also in quantity. He was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). He lived on the dam in his early years and went to the border with Dragon in the north. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), he was a scholar, filling the post of secretary of the provincial school. Seven years later, he became Surabaya Wei. Because of "careless behavior, it is often derogatory" (the original biography of Old Tang Book). In the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739), he was sentenced to exile in Lingnan, and returned to the north for Jiangning Cheng the following year. At the beginning of Tianbao, he was demoted to captain of the dragon. During the Anshi Rebellion, he was killed by Qiu Xiao, the secretariat of Bozhou.
It can be seen from his works such as "A Journey to Youth" and "A Journey to Long song" that Wang Changling is a man who is fond of chivalry and obsessed with Long song's temperament. He said in "Zheng County Government gives Yuan Er": "Confucianism despises ministers and matters." There is no lack of arrogance. His repeated demotion is closely related to his carelessness and indulgence. However, due to his lonely background and the influence of Taoist metaphysics, he has a depth that ordinary chivalrous people lack, a keen observation of problems and a heavy sense of perspective on history. His poems are not entirely emotional, but also pay attention to conception. In addition to being bold and handsome, his works also have the characteristics of "quiet as a virgin and thoughtful". For example, the first part of Two Embankments:
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
The main idea of the whole poem is the patriotic pride and tragic feelings expressed in the last sentence, which gives people a sense of grandeur. The poet began to write from the bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties, which is tragic for thousands of years. Wan Li is hiring, and he hasn't come back for a day. While meditating on history, he not only wrote his sympathy and national pride for those who have the courage to devote themselves to the frontier, but also implied irony for those who can't be human in reality. Such rich content and profound emotions are compressed in just four poems, with delicate and tortuous meanings and handsome feelings, which is remarkable.
Among Wang Changling's frontier poems, there are 10 five-character ancient poems and seven-character quatrains engraved in Yuefu old poems, but they are all four-character poems. Because he is generous, seven words are longer than five words; Careful and practical thinking, suitable for short chapters rather than long chapters. In order to make up for the limitation of short chapters in reflecting complex contents, he created a series of poems with seven interrelated poems, namely the famous Seven Musts of Joining the Army. Pick a few songs in order, or string them together:
The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and it is windy and autumn in Shanghai at dusk. Guan Shanyue, who plays Qiangdi, is not worried about the golden boy Wan Li. ( 1)
The new sound of pipa dance is always the old love. I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. (2)
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. (4)
The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive. (5)
The first two songs are about deep sadness. Other feelings in the song "Guan Shanyue" played by Qiangdi are linked with "New Sound", which is turned upside down by the pipa. The desolate scenery of the Great Wall is reflected by the high sky and the autumn moon, and the desolation is filled with magnificent emotional atmosphere. The last two poems are the lofty sentiments of pursuing frontier fortress work, and the ambition of "never fighting back" without breaking the enemy's merits. They are realized by capturing the enemy at night, and the heroic feelings are integrated with the heroic spirit of winning. Out of human nature, leaving sadness without complaining, combined with heroism, makes the voice more tragic and passionate. Before and after the rules and regulations are orderly, the meaning runs through, clear and strong, warm and healthy, and have backbone, which is the divine product of the seven-line rules and regulations.
In addition to Wang Changling's frontier poems in his early years, his farewell poems and works on women's life are also excellent. Because of the change of mood after relegation, he had close contacts with landscape poets such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran and influenced each other. In addition, influenced by the natural scenery in the south, his poetic style tends to be elegant and lively in his later years, but there is still a clear and hearty tone. Such as "Two Partings of Lotus Inn and Xin Jian":
Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!
Borrow friends to write your own mind, and use "Bing Xin is in the jade pot" to describe yourself as noble, with implicit meaning and distinctive style. Another example is "Two Lotus Picking Poems":
The girl who picked the lotus put the girl who picked the lotus into the lotus leaf, as if the color was the same, and the girl's face was hidden in the blooming lotus, which reflected each other. Lotus is mixed in the lotus pond, and it is difficult to recognize the lotus pond. Only when you hear the song do you know that someone is picking lotus in the pond-picking lotus.
With the flavor of southern folk songs, it is beautiful and natural, but it is based on refreshing spirit, so it can be refined. The same is true of the author's other works about women, such as Five Long Letters, Autumn Poems and Forever in My Heart.
Wang Changling is a master who specializes in the Four Musts. No matter what theme you write, what feelings you express, whether your style is high and cheerful, whether you are pure and desolate, whether you are vigorous and ups and downs, whether you are beautiful in Leng Yan, there is always a vigorous beauty. More than 70 of his four wonders survived, and almost all of them were well written.
The beauty created by heroic poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is based on the masculine temperament of northern literati, but it also has the pure ethereal charm of the south, which is the product of the blending of northern and southern poetic styles. This is reflected in Wang Changling's works, especially in the works of similar poets such as Cui Hao, Li Qi and Zuyong. Before and after they became officials, they all had an experience of going north to Yanhelong and south to Jingchu and wuyue. This kind of roaming between north and south often becomes an important opportunity for their poetic style to form or turn.
Cui Hao, a native of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), was born in Chang 'an in the fourth year of Wuhou (704) and was a scholar in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan (723). Because he was addicted to gambling and drinking in his early years, he chose his wife on the basis of beauty, and abandoned it if he was slightly dissatisfied. It is called "Talented without Scholars" (Old Tang Book). "Heroes of Jiangyue" says: "Writing poems when I was young is called frivolous. The festival at night suddenly became normal and windy. A glimpse of the fortress wall tells us everything about the journey. " The "sudden change in style" of Cui Hao's poems began with his southern tour two years ago, marked by the poem Yellow Crane Tower written by Hanshui when he visited Wuchang, Hubei;
A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven, and the Yellow Crane Tower here was empty. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.
The first half of the poem expresses people's feelings of going to the empty building, and the second half is deeply homesick. The story used in Nautilus Island is the link between before and after. According to legend, this continent is the burial place where Mi Fei, a crazy student at the end of Han Dynasty, was killed, and the elegance of a generation of celebrities has long been covered by lush grass; Nowadays, the poet who takes Mi Heng as a homonym is also famous for his wild and frivolous, but how can he not feel empty when he travels here? Why not go home with a sigh?
Although this poem is a variation of the regular poem, it is known as the masterpiece of the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty. Because the author entered the dharma with swaying ancient songs, the first four sentences were bold and handsome, showing a magnificent wild temperament. The majestic momentum made Li Bai want to stop. The well-organized confrontation between Qingchuan and Cao Fang not only makes the flowing momentum be stored, but also makes the whole poetic pulse run through because of the metaphor of Nautilus Island, and the potential energy turns inward, and the remaining potential expands and overflows, turning into a sigh. This ancient and elegant structural system not only facilitates the expression of heroic spirit, but also makes harmonious sentences more clear and implicit, forming a superb poetic realm with high artistic conception.
Cui Hao's chivalrous habits have been tempered by the southern cultural landscape and natural scenery, and the bold style of poetry has added a layer of beautiful and ethereal charm. When he traveled to Wuyue in the south, he wrote some short poems in response to Jiangnan folk songs. Such as "four long dry songs" one:
My concubine will go to Hengtang wherever your family goes. Let's catch our boat together and see if we belong to the same town. ..
The creation of this fresh and lively poem with a certain plot is close to the ancient Yuefu system, which has had an impact on Cui Hao's creation of Yuefu ballads such as "People's Complaints in Handan Palace" after he returned to North China. His Yuefu songs are vigorous and hearty, and in the bright and elegant narrative, they can reflect the arrogance and frustration.
The most admirable of Cui Hao's poems is the frontier poems he wrote when he entered the Hedong Military Curtain at the end of Kaiyuan, such as To the King and The Ancient Ranger Leaving the Army. The poet intends to express chivalry in his poems, such as "a sword goes out and a lonely city will be surrounded." Kill people in Liaohe River, and then return to China. "At this time can reflect his long-cherished wish of love is wild goose gate conference semifinals song:
The ancient Yan in the east of Yanmen County has high mountains, and some Hu people's homes live near the border. You see, a conference semifinals untied the rope on the falcon's foot, let it fly out to hunt birds, and rode the local Ma Chi to hunt in the vast autumn. The wildfire on the mountain is cold and burning, and the butte is wet in the rain. The Han people were nervous when they saw the fireworks on the mountain, but when they heard that there was no war in western Liaoning, they settled down again, bought wine for recreation, and often lay drunk in hotels.
The shape of the writing boundary of this poem is like the eyes, and it seems to be intermittent, maintaining the author's consistent bold and handsome style. Because it is about military life, it is more masculine and reflects the true colors of crazy life.
Li Qi's creative experience is quite similar to that of Cui Hao. He is from Songyang (now Dengfeng County, Henan Province). He had a career in Dongchuan, and was a scholar in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735). In his later work "Slow Songs", he said: "If a person wants to stand on his feet, he must constantly strive for self-improvement and be closed to the outside world for ten years. The industry will succeed in seeing the wise master, and attack Zhong Ding's dining hall. Twenty-eight moths comb horses, and the wine koji room. " Praise the fame, fortune and hedonic life that the Korean scholars longed for at that time, exaggerate the "honor" of the records to the extreme, and the fantasy is close to innocence. The reality that an official went to a small county commandant soon shattered his dream. He left his official position and retired to Dongchuan before he reached the official level. He wrote some frontier poems that brought him fame, the most famous of which is an ancient war song:
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances. The clouds in the wilderness are not near the city wall at all, and the rain and snow cover the boundless desert. The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears. It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around. The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
The tune is bold and unconstrained, which is a magical line. In the middle, I wrote down the big scenery with one or two couplets with enthusiasm, and then I felt deeply. Strong and powerful. Different from Cui Hao's poems, there is a lack of bright colors and overwhelming images such as wild clouds, rain and snow, and sad geese. Apollo's anger, which contains the madness at the end of his life, reveals a very desolate feeling.
Li Qi believed in the theory of Taoist immortals and had contacts with the famous Taoist Zhang Guo. When his trip to the south was frustrated, he was particularly fascinated by the mysterious scenes and strange things in the southern scenery, which made his works full of mystery and seclusion. For example, in Song of Gu Teng in Ai Jing Temple, Gu Teng's heroic posture was written first, and then the pen changed, focusing on the mysterious image of Gu Teng's black branches hanging upside down after being struck by lightning. The so-called "thunder and lightning split black branches, people say Tibetan demons." The leaves in the empty courtyard open and close at first, and the biting cold often hangs in October. "In the sharp contrast between the images before and after, the whirling jumps with vigorous spirit.
Zu Yong was also a poet worth mentioning at that time. He is from Luoyang. In the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), he was a scholar and sang with Wang Wei. Later, frustrated by his official career, he moved to Lu Fen and became a guest in William Wang. He also traveled south to Jiangnan and north to Jiyumen. His famous work is "Looking at the South Snow": "Look at how the Mount Zhongnan takes off, and the white top is over the clouds. And the small towns in the valley are getting colder and colder. " With Cang Xiu's pen, he wrote the cold scenery of Zhong Nanshan, and this poem has only four sentences. Zuyong's masterpiece is Wang Jimen, which was created when he went north.
At the sight of Yantai, the guests were frightened, gongs and drums were loud, and the Han people were going to camp. Snow covered the cold, cold brightness, and the frontier light shone on the flag. The fire on the battlefield, Hu Yue's mountains and clouds stand on the sea like the Great Wall. Although young people don't like joining the army, I want to learn to volunteer for academic fame.
The dangers of writing about the fortress and thrifty city are frightening, but it touches the poet's lofty sentiments of making contributions. The sonorous voice is powerful and can be regarded as the correct voice in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.