1, Lu You
Lu You (1125 ——1210) is a native of Yinshan, a native of Yuezhou, a Han nationality, a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the grandson of Shangshu Youcheng and Lu Dian.
Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager. When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions.
In the seventh year (1 17 1), he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics".
In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Song Ningzong sent an imperial edict to Lu You to Beijing, and presided over the compilation of Xiao Zong and Guang Zong's Records of the Two Dynasties and History of the Three Dynasties. His official position was to be determined. After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years (12 10), leaving the last book, Shizi.
2. Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jingjie", was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).
A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
3. Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious.
In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs.
Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After the capital of Chu was breached by Qin Jun, it sank into the Miluo River and died.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, and has created the tradition of "vanilla beauty", and is known as "the father of Ci Fu" and "the father of China's poetry".
The appearance of Qu Yuan's works indicates that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. His main works are Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
4. Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van,
1770 65438+February16-1March 26th, 827), born in Bonn, Germany, is one of the representatives of the Vienna classical music school and a composer in the European classicism period.
Beethoven spent his childhood under his father's strict education, which made him stubborn, sensitive and excited. At the age of 22, he began to live in Vienna. The third symphony was composed between 1803 and 1804, which marked the maturity of his creation.
In the following 20 years, a large number of his music works pushed classical music to the peak through strong artistic appeal and grand charm, and predicted the arrival of romantic music in the19th century. 1827 On March 26th, Beethoven died in Vienna at the age of 57.
Beethoven wrote a wide range of themes in his life, including 9 symphonies,/kloc-0 operas, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos, many orchestral overtures, violin and cello sonatas. Because of its great contribution to classical music, the development and innovation of sonata form and symphony suite structure, it is called "the saint of music" and "the king of symphony" by later generations.
5. lev tolstoy
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (левниколаевич)
Толстой; 65438+September 9th, 0828-1910 65438+1October 20th), a Russian critical realist writer, thinker and philosopher in the mid-9th century, including War and Peace and Anna karenin.
Tolstoy was born into a noble family, entered Kazan University in 1844, dropped out of school in 1847 and returned to his hometown, trying to reform serfdom in his own territory. 185 1 ~ 1854 served in the Caucasian army and began to write. 1854 ~ 1855 participated in the Crimean war. 1855165438+10 entered the literary world of Petersburg.
When Tolstoy went abroad from 65438 to 0857, he saw many contradictions in capitalist society, but he couldn't find a way to eliminate social ugliness, so he had to appeal to people to live according to "eternal religious truth". 1860 ~ 186 1 year, Tolstoy went abroad again, met herzen, listened to Dickens' speech and met proudhon.
Tolstoy wrote the historical novel War and Peace from 1863 to 1869. From 1873 to 1877, he completed his second landmark masterpiece Anna karenin with 12 revisions.
At the end of 1970s, Tolstoy's world outlook changed greatly and he wrote Confessions (1879- 1882).
Creation in 1980s: The Power of Darkness (1886), Fruits of Education (189 1), novella The Devil (1889), Death of Ivan ilych (/kloc-).
The short story after the dance (1903), especially the novel Resurrection written in 1889 ~ 1899, is the summary of his long-term thinking and artistic exploration.
Tolstoy tried to live a simple civilian life in his later years. 19 10 ran away from home in June, and 1 1 died in the station in June, at the age of 82.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ludwig van Beethoven
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tao Yuanming
Baidu Encyclopedia-Luyou