Introduction: When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, he wrote many poems about the lakes and mountains. The poem "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" closely grasps the characteristics of the environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on the coat of spring, as full of life and just right. The following is an appreciation, welcome to read:
Spring trip to Qiantang Lake
Author: Bai Juyi
North of Gushan Temple and west of Jiating, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low.
In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud.
The wild flowers are becoming more and more charming, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves.
My favorite part of the lake is the east side of the lake, where there is a white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars.
Notes
Selected from "Bai's Changqing Collection". Qiantang Lake is the West Lake in Hangzhou.
1. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Emperor Chen Wen of the Southern Dynasty (560-566), it was named Chengfu. It was renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Gushan: Located between the inner and outer lakes of West Lake, it is called Gushan because it is not connected to other mountains. There is Gushan Pavilion on it, which overlooks the panoramic view of West Lake.
2. Jia Ting: also called Jia Gong Ting. One of the scenic spots in West Lake, it was built by Jia Quan of the Tang Dynasty. During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty (785-804 AD), Jia Quan served as the governor of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Chao. Known as "Jia Ting" or "Jia Gong Pavilion", the pavilion was built in the late Tang Dynasty.
3. The water surface is initially level: The lake water is rising for the first time in spring, and the water surface has just reached the lake shore. Chu: adverb, just now. Low cloud base: refers to the clouds hanging low, seemingly connected to the lake. Point out the starting points and routes of spring outings, and focus on describing the lake scenery. Cloud base: clouds close to the ground, often seen when rainfall or rain first stops.
4. Early oriole: Oriole that comes early in early spring. Oriole: Oriole, with a melodious song.
5. Fighting for the warmth of the tree: Fighting to fly to the sunny branches.
6. New swallow: a swallow that has just returned from the south.
7. Pecking: picking up. Swallows build nests with mud in their mouths. When I look up during the spring trip, I can see the singing and dancing of orioles, which is full of life and charm. Focus on birds.
8. Warm tree: a sunny tree.
9. Indiscriminate flowers: numerous flowers. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. Asakusa: Spring grass that has just grown out of the ground and is not yet too tall. Talent: Just enough. 无: cover up, cover up. When I look down on my spring trip, I can see that the flowers are plentiful, the grass is tender, and the spirit of spring is abundant. Focus on flowers and plants.
10. Insufficient travel: never tire of traveling.
11. Yin: Same as "shade", referring to the shade of a tree.
12. Baisha Embankment: Today's Baisha Embankment, also known as Sand Embankment and Broken Bridge Embankment, was located on the east bank of West Lake and existed before the Tang Dynasty. The White Causeway built by Bai Juyi when he was the governor of Hangzhou is another one outside Qiantang Gate. The poet went around the lake from north to west to south to east, and the poem ended with the green poplars and white embankments in the east of the lake, expressing his deep feelings directly with "favorite".
13. Cloud base: clouds close to the ground, mostly seen when it rains or when it first stops.
14. mò: disappear.
15. Hudong: Taking Gushan as a reference.
16. Insufficiency: not enough.
The whole poem uses the word "行" as a clue, starting from Gushan Temple and ending at Baisha Embankment. Focusing on the word "spring", the poem describes the joy that the beautiful scenery of early spring brings to visitors. Especially in the middle four sentences, there are people in the scenery and people in the scenery, which expresses the feelings that natural beauty gives people. If you don't say green grass, but say "Asakusa has no horse hooves", it is unconventional and full of novelty. From a structural point of view, from the description of the scenery around Gushan Temple to the description of the scenery around Baisha Embankment, there is no trace of the transition in between, and the connection is very natural.
Translation
Walking by the West Lake. From the north of Gushan Temple to the west of Jiagong Pavilion, the lake is just flush with the embankment when the tide rises, and the white clouds overlap and merge with the waves on the lake. A few early orioles are flying up to the sunny trees, and some new swallows are building their nests with spring mud in their mouths. Some colorful spring flowers (wild flowers) are gradually enchanting people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass can just cover the horses' hooves. I love walking along the east side of the West Lake to enjoy the beautiful scenery. If I can’t get enough, I’ll look at the charming broken bridge and white sand embankment under the green willows.
Appreciation
"Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he walked in the West Lake in early spring. It is a hymn to the beautiful spring days and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. The first couplet of the poem closely follows the title and always writes about lakes. The first sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the scene of "different buildings and views" around it. The two place names are used together. It also gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching at the same time. The latter sentence describes the color of the lake on the front: the spring water has just risen, the water surface is flush with the embankment, the white clouds rolling in the sky and the rippling waves on the lake surface are connected, which is the typical water form of the spring lake in the south of the Yangtze River. The couplet on the chin looks up at the birds you see, the orioles are singing and the swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring. The oriole uses its graceful and fluent singing voice to spread the good news of spring to the earth; the swallow wears flowers and water, holds mud and builds nests, and inspires people to start spring work, writing about the vitality of early spring. . The word "several places" outlines the echoes of the singing songs and the poet's mood of searching for sounds.
The question of "whose family" also shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes the readers have rich associations. The neck couplet is written by looking down at the flowers and plants seen. Because it is early spring, the flowers are not in full bloom yet, so what you can see is not all the colorful flowers. Instead, there are clusters in the east and clusters in the west, which are described by the word "chaos". The spring grass has not yet grown lushly, and is only as long as a horse's hoof, so I use the word "shallow" to describe it. The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this couplet are the poet's feelings and judgments of observation and appreciation, which turn the objective natural scenery into the scenery in the poet's eyes with subjective emotional color, making the readers infected. These two couplets carefully describe the scenery seen in the spring trip to the West Lake, using "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking" to express the dynamics of the newly arrived Yingyan; using "chaos", "shallow", "gradual desire" and "talent", It describes the tendency of flowers and plants to flourish. This accurately and vividly reveals the early spring atmosphere of the poet while he is walking, giving people a sense of freshness. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the previous generation, has two sentences: "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden turn into songbirds" ("Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Tower"). The reason why they are so wonderful in ancient and modern times and are highly praised is that he wrote about this sudden joy when the seasons change. The above two couplets of "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake" are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poem is more open. The last couplet briefly describes the poet's favorite sand embankment in the east of the lake. Baidi runs through Qiantang Lake, and in the east area of ??the lake, you can take in the entire lake. In the shade of green poplars, I saw a flat and slender white sand embankment lying quietly among the blue waves. People riding horses on the embankment came and went in full force, enjoying the beautiful spring scenery. The poet was there, enjoying the beauty of the lakes and mountains, feeling relaxed and happy. The use of "insufficiency of action" shows that the natural scenery is extremely beautiful, and the poet is still enjoying himself, and his concentrated and full feelings give readers endless aftertaste.
In Chinese history, it can be said that there are many celebrities who served as assassins in the paradise Hangzhou, but the most famous ones are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, the two great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Not only did they leave political achievements in Hangzhou that will be remembered by future generations, but they also handed down many poems, articles, and anecdotes describing the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou and West Lake, so some people call them "Romantic Prefects." Bai Juyi's seven-character "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" is a well-known poem. This poem not only describes the beautiful spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of all things in the world bathed in the spring scenery, but also intoxicates the poet himself in this beautiful scenery. The state of mind in the beautiful scenery of the good time is fully revealed. While enjoying the intoxicating scenery of the West Lake, people are also deeply infected and moved by the author's enthusiasm for spring and life without knowing it.
"North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low." The first sentence of the poem is the location, and the second sentence is the distant view. Gushan is located between the back lake and the outer lake of West Lake. It has verdant peaks and mountains, and there is Gushan Temple on it. The scenery when climbing up is breathtaking. Jia Ting is also called Jia Gong Pavilion. According to Volume 6 of "Tang Yulin", in the Zhenyuan Dynasty, when Jia Quan was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, he built a pavilion in the West Lake. Hangzhou people called it Jia Gong Pavilion. It was abandoned fifty or sixty years later. Zhenyuan is the reign name of Tang Dezong, from 780 to 805 AD. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, the pavilion was still there and it was considered a scenic spot in West Lake. Bai Juyi first came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west bank of Jia Gong Pavilion. Looking around, he saw rippling spring water, low clouds, and a panoramic view of lakes and mountains. "Chuping" expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Due to the continuous spring rain, the lake surface now seems to have risen a lot compared to winter, and it seems to be level with the line of sight. This feeling of water level with the line of sight can only be experienced by people facing a vast body of water. The feeling is also something that can only be written by a person who has a deep understanding and love for West Lake. At this moment, the calm water under the feet and the low clouds in the sky formed a peaceful ink painting of the West Lake. While the poet was silently admiring the quiet and virginal charm of the West Lake, bursts of crisp birdsong came to his ears. The sound broke his contemplation, so he withdrew his sight from the junction of water and cloud, and discovered that he was actually already in a beautiful world full of spring.
"A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and whose new swallows peck at the spring mud. The flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and the shallow grass can have no horse hooves." These four lines are the core part of Bai Juyi's poem, which is also the most important part of Bai Juyi's poem. The eye-catching sentence is also the finishing touch of the poem's description of spring, especially the description of spring in West Lake. Several places means several places, or it can even mean multiple places. The use of "zao" to describe the oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives: the oriole on the tree is busy early in the morning to seize the "warm tree" that is the first to see the sun, for fear that it will be unable to catch up soon. . The word "struggle" makes people feel how rare and precious spring is. And the swallows under the eaves of someone's house are also busy making nests in their mouths. The word "pecking" is used to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallows, which seems to bring the little swallows to life. These two sentences deliberately depict the dynamics of warblers and swallows, making the whole poem permeated with the vitality and vitality of spring. Orioles are recognized as spring singers. Listening to their melodious singing voices makes people feel the charm of spring; swallows are migratory birds. They return to their hometowns with spring and are busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly Flying in and out of the ground to build a nest makes people feel the beauty of life even more. After describing the birds in the sky vividly and anthropomorphically, Bai Juyi turned his attention to the vegetation at his feet, "The flowers are gradually enchanting the eyes, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves."
"This is also a description of scenery that is full of emotion and vitality, which fully demonstrates Bai Juyi's meticulous observation of the object of description and his ability to accurately grasp its characteristics. The flowers are so chaotic that they can even confuse the viewer. Gaze is rarely written in this way in other people's poems, but this unique feeling is exactly Bai Juyi's personal experience when he admires the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers bloom all over the mountains and fields. Against the backdrop of the lake and mountains, Bai Juyi simply didn't know where to look, and couldn't tell the difference between them. His eyes were dazzled and his mind was fascinated. It was so beautiful that he couldn't take it all. "Charming eyes" means to stop and take a closer look, while "Asakusa can only be without horse hooves" means already riding a horse for an outing. On the bank of the green grass and blooming flowers of the West Lake, with two or three friends, the horse can rein in the horse and travel freely in the mountains. The scenery must be such a pleasant thing. The horse seemed to realize the relaxed and leisurely mood of the owner on its back, and then stepped on the green grass and the long white embankment leisurely. When the poet was pointing at the lakes and mountains and wandering around the scenery, he accidentally caught a glimpse of the horse's hooves rising and falling on the grass, disappearing and appearing. He found it particularly interesting and couldn't help but write it into the poem. Unexpectedly, It is this random stroke that adds so much liveliness and elegance to the whole poem. The famous esthetician Belinsky once said, "No matter what the situation, beauty comes from the depths of the soul." . Because it is impossible for natural scenes to be absolutely beautiful. This beauty is hidden in the soul of the person who created or observed them. "Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" exactly illustrates this truth of aesthetic appreciation. The whole poem expresses Bai Juyi's love and admiration for the West Lake. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory aspects. But in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also better at discovering and experiencing it. Nowadays, we often have the experience that it is better to listen to the scenery when sightseeing, or to listen to friends' introductions, or to watch scenery in movies. In the film, I heard and saw the beautiful mountains and rivers, and I couldn't help but feel infinite yearning in my heart. However, once I was there and faced with the real mountains and rivers, I felt that they were far less beautiful than expected. This is because we can't take them. Rather than looking at natural landscapes with a sense of discovery and appreciation, we go sightseeing with a preconceived, overly high and even somewhat critical eye. Just imagine how much West Lake has shown people throughout the ages. What a wonderful spring? And how many people have witnessed the spring scenery of West Lake? But in the end, we can still only recite a few works by a few great poets. Could it be that West Lake can only wait for the visit of great writers like Su Dongpo? When the time comes, does it show its astonishing beauty like a peacock spreading its wings? The birds of the West Lake can only "fight for the warmth of the tree" and "pecking at the spring mud" in front of the great poet Bai Juyi? In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake They are all the most beautiful. Don’t we also know this famous saying: “If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always better to put on heavy makeup and light makeup. ”
It is because Bai Juyi has such a rare esthetician’s appreciation that he can discern the beauty of West Lake among countless tourists and truly enjoy what nature has given to human beings. Bai Juyi did not see many "Early Orioles" and "Xinyan" in this paradise on earth. He only saw "a few places" and only "someone's home". If it were us, we might still be disappointed because we did not go to "everywhere". Wen Ying and "Jia Jia" felt sorry for the swallow season, thinking that it would have been better if they came ten days and a half later. But Bai Juyi didn't think so. There are advantages to having less. The "early orioles" are the "new swallows" that have the joy of sensing the arrival of spring. If the poet did not have a young mentality and a heart that loves life and spring, I am afraid he would not be attracted by these few heralds of spring. He was moved and intoxicated, and happily wrote this moving poem. It was precisely because of this that he could smell the fragrance of flowers, see the beauty of grass, be fascinated by the various wild flowers dotted everywhere, and be fascinated by the grass that could not reach the hoofs of horses. I sighed. If you think about it carefully, grass that is not covered by horseshoes is actually the most common. To enjoy such a lawn, you don’t need to rush to the West Lake in the spring. It can be found in our street green spaces. However, across our street There is probably an eye-catching sign between the lawn and the lawn: "Please do not trample on the grass." Therefore, everything that is closer to nature has turned into a serious warning in an instant, and people in today's cities have little regard for nature. It is understandable to be indifferent or indifferent to the landscape rather than the man-made landscape.
However, Bai Juyi is lucky because he has a pair of eyes that discover beauty and spring, so he will be in the beautiful scenery of West Lake. , unable to control himself, even lingering: "My favorite lake is not enough eastward, with white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars. "The White Sand Embankment, also known as the White Embankment or the Broken Bridge Embankment, is surrounded by mountains on three sides of the West Lake and runs through the middle of the White Embankment. It is located in the east of the lake and takes over the entire lake. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, he did build it. The embankment stores water and irrigates people's fields, but the embankment is located to the north of Qiantang Gate. However, later generations often mistakenly think that Bai Di is the embankment built by the Bai family.
This poem is like a short and concise travel note. Starting from Gushan and Jiating, ending at Hudong and Baidi, along the way, in the beautiful paradise-like scenery of green lakes and green mountains, you can enjoy the singing and dancing of orioles, and be intoxicated by the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers. Finally, you can walk along the white sand embankment with unfinished content. Under the green shade of the willows, I turned back three times and reluctantly left.
The hymn of spring played by all things in the world is still echoing in my ears, and a beautiful poem "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" full of the interest of natural integration flows out of my heart involuntarily.
In fact, the keen observation and experience of spring or beautiful things expressed by Bai Juyi in this poem is very common among many ancient poets. Only in this way can they be like Like Bai Juyi, when spring first came to the world, they were delighted to discover it and were deeply moved by it, which aroused their desire to create, wrote moving poems, and left rich aesthetic enjoyment to future generations. Like Bai Juyi, he will not feel sorry because there are only a few orioles singing in the trees and swallows building nests under the eaves of a few houses. Instead, he will feel that spring is getting closer and closer, and will feel extremely happy. There are many examples of touching poems such as "Where are the early orioles vying for warmth in the trees, and where are the new swallows pecking at the new mud?"
The predecessors said that "the poems of Lotte are full of emotions, enter the human liver and spleen, follow the shape of things, and fill the place." (Wang Ruoxu's "Hunan Poetry") also said that "Lotte's poems are extremely clear and lovely. , often using the things in front of them as insights, which others have not said." (Tian Wen's "Gu Huantang Collection") The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, and the carefully selected shots are written into the poem using auto-descriptive techniques. The image is vivid and the scene embodies the emotion. From the vibrant light of the lake in early spring, it reflects the author's joyful mood when visiting the lake. It is worthy of the above comments.
The name of Bai Juyi's poem is very meaningful. At that time, Bai Juyi lived in Chang'an. Chang'an also shows his pride.