The first four sentences describe the situation of arriving at Qiang village at sunset. The sunset is greeted by red clouds all over the sky, like a heavy cliff. This is? The rotten scenery will arouse the cordial memories of repeat customers and make them excited. "Sunfoot" refers to a light beam that shines through a cloud gap, like the foot of the sun. The phrase "the ground under the sun" is not only integrated into spoken English, but also quite anthropomorphic. It seems that the sun is eager to step into the ground and have a rest after a day's work. At this time, the poet happened to end his long journey and returned home. "White-headed pick up the remains and walk home", long-distance running, looking forward to going home early to rest. The opening was full of excitement about going home. "Chai Men birdsong" is a distinctive rural night scene. At the same time, the noise of birds usurped the role of master, reflecting the desolation of villages in those years. There is a feeling of sadness in the scenery. The sentence "a thousand miles home" is very plain, but it is extremely unusual. There is a sense of relief, and it is secretly mixed with the uneasiness of "now, near my village, I met someone."
The last eight sentences were written with mixed feelings of sadness and joy when I first met my family and neighbors. There is no tedious narration here, but it is simply reproduced with three pictures. The first is to meet your wife and children. At first glance, it seems that you should be happy rather than surprised. However, in those war-torn years, people's lives were at stake, and the sudden appearance of their relatives really made their wives disbelieve, dare not admit it, and even stunned ("it's all my fault"), until they were "stunned", they were "be in heaven, sobbing" ("West Great Hangsuo"). This abnormal modality and twists and turns reflect the shadow of that extraordinary era. After writing the meeting, the poet sighed with emotion: "It was an accident that the world was in a state of chaos and survived." Here, the word "accident" contains extremely rich content and infinite emotion. Isn't it a coincidence that Du Fu went from falling into the hands of the rebels to escaping from them, from offending Su Zong to returning to China this time? What's strange about the wife? It means "self-pity after returning" and depicts the psychological desire of people who are in pain for the rest of their lives.
Followed by nearby onlookers. The news spread like wildfire, attracting many neighbors. In ancient times, the walls in the countryside were very short, so neighbors could lean against the wall. These neighbors, on the one hand, are bystanders, so they just watch from a distance and can't bear to disturb the happy and sad moment of this family; On the other hand, they are not indifferent to watch, but everyone has entered the role, "sigh", is it envy? Sad? Or bring back your own pain? Just a few words, how full of human feelings, how subtle.
The third scene is the scene where the family sits opposite each other at midnight. It's late at night, and the initial excitement should be over, but Du Fu's family is still immersed in the excitement. "You should sleep with a candle and watch the guests return home happily for a long time." (Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Hall, Volume 6) This picture becomes the end of the first chapter.
The second song is about the contradictory and depressed mood after returning to China.
Write the first eight sentences about boredom and unhappiness. Du Fu's order to go home this time is actually tantamount to exile. For ordinary people, "lucky to survive" is a blessing in misfortune; For poets whose worries are related to the world, it is a great misfortune of luck. After settling down, he immediately developed a sense of responsibility, feeling that maintaining a small family in such difficult times is tantamount to drag out an ignoble existence. But all this is necessary. Even children realize this lack of fun: "Joule never leaves her knees, but she is afraid that I will go back", and "I didn't mean to go home early, so I comforted her around my knees, but I was afraid that I would go back." (Jin Shengtan) For this poet who is still childlike and seems to want to forget his hunger and thirst, nothing can show his melancholy and unhappiness better than this detail.
So he recalled the past in June and July last year in the "pool tree" to enjoy the cool. At that time, I had high hopes for Su Zong, who acceded to the throne of Lingwu, and I was somewhat "happy" to make a pilgrimage to serve the country. Who knows that after a year, I was so disappointed that I couldn't help worrying about it, with mixed feelings and suffering. The description of "the north wind rustling" is suddenly inserted into the narrative lyric, which greatly adds a sad and miserable atmosphere.
The last four sentences say that the autumn harvest is over. Although the new wine has not been brewed, it can wait for the day, and it seems that you can feel it bubbling out of the rotten bed. "Come here" and "Do yourself no good" are all words of expectation. Speaking of wine is because of sorrow, which profoundly shows the poet's contradictory and depressed psychology-in fact, he is "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine."
The third is about a neighbor's visit.
The first four sentences arranged an interesting overture: at the moment when the guests arrived, there was a cockfight in the yard and the chickens screamed. When the owner drove the chickens to the courtyard tree where they lived (the ancient method of raising chickens in the Yellow River valley), when the yard was quiet, he heard the sound of guests knocking at the firewood door. This kind of opening is not only the fun of rural life, but also the joy of uninvited guests.
The four or five people who came were all elders, and none of them were younger. This is a sentimental remark about the elders in the following article. These old people all came with wine, and the color of the wine was different, and each expressed the wishes of a family. At such a difficult time, it is commendable to pay so much attention to the love ceremony, which shows that the simple folk customs have not been completely annihilated by the war. Then four sentences tell current events in the casual tone of their parents: from pouring wine to calling it "weak wine", from weak wine to destroying production, and then lead to "children explore the East before the war is over." The difficulties of the times are self-evident and thought-provoking.
Finally write the host's reply. He was so excited by the kindness of his elders that he couldn't help singing to express his gratitude. In addition, saying "shame" secretly takes care of the meaning of "being forced to drag out an ignoble existence in old age". If the mood of the whole group of poems in the second poem is a little low, then it is revived by the speeches of the elders here. So, he thanked the composer for writing this song, and he forced himself to smile and could not help sighing. Although the content of the song is not described in detail, it can be seen from the sentence "No pains, no pains" and the "four tears" effect caused by the song that it contains emotional contents such as gratitude to the elders, anxiety about current events and perception of life experiences. Unknown writing allows readers to ponder the atmosphere and artistic conception of the poem and supplement it with association, which can enrich the connotation of the poem. When I cried at the end of the song, the words were so painful that the readers repeated the words and hid their feelings.
The Anshi Rebellion brought great suffering to the people of the Tang Dynasty. The phenomenon of "children's eastward expedition" and "no one plows millet fields" is all over the rural areas of the northern country, not just Qiang villages. "Three Poems of Qiang Village" passed through a corner of the northern countryside, reflecting the social reality at that time and the poet's feelings of worrying about the country, which is of high typical significance.
Each chapter of this group of poems can be independent, but they are interrelated to form a complete whole. The first poem is about meeting family, which is the beginning of a series of poems. Of the three poems, this chapter is the only one that begins with preaching the law. The second song tells the story of returning home, which is a continuation of the sentence "wife"; When it comes to "drag out an ignoble existence", it means "bitterness, shame and affection". The third song is about communication with neighbors, which is a continuation of the sentence "neighbors"; When writing wine, it means "consider it now"; In the end, it boils down to worrying about the country and the people, and thinking about chaos in times of trouble has become the knot of poetry. Such a group of poems is usually called "couplet style". The poet chose three representative life segments from the event of returning home to describe it. Not only do each chapter concentrate on pen and ink, but also use the natural pause between chapters to create the effect of opening and closing the curtain, giving readers room for imagination and association, so the poem is not long and can be subtle and profound.
Three Poems of Qiang Village is good at sketching. Although it is based on a temporary experience, the scene is real and not exaggerated. Because they can grasp the typical life scenes and psychological activities of the characters, poems are expressive and mostly tolerant of people. Write scenes such as "Birds crow in Chai Men", "Neighbors are all over the wall" and "Chickens crow", and "describe the villagers and see the situation" (Shen Hanguang). People who write "My wife complains that I'm here, and I'm still crying" and "Holding a candle at night is more like a dream" are extremely clumsy. The latter couplet was repeatedly used by later poets and poets. Such as muscovite Shu's "suddenly looking for you is like a dream, choking in my throat and asking how old we are"; Yan "has left a silver funeral tonight, and I still fear that meeting each other is a dream"; Chen Shidao's "knowing that it is not a dream, but suddenly my heart is unstable" and so on. Another example is "Joule never leaves her knee, but she is afraid that I will go back", and her young son leans against others, which is vivid. As the predecessors commented: "Every word, the lungs and intestines are carved out, and talents are at a loss; And tactfully Zhou, suddenly in front of you, and if ordinary people think "(see Du's Shijing Spring, Wang cited"). This description of "doing what ordinary people want to do" and finally "talented people don't know what to do" fully reflects the author's sketching skills. In a word, this group of poems has simple language, concise poetic style, harmonious phonology and strong lyrical atmosphere, which are also the artistic characteristics of Du Fu's poems.