1, combined with after-class notes, dredge the meaning and accumulate keywords.
2. Grasp the structure of the full text, clarify the context of the article, and study hard. Deeply understand the author's complex mood.
3. Understand the author's interests and life realm, and simply discriminate the author's thoughts.
First, solve the problem:
In the history of literature, Back to Xi Ci is a very famous work. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, even said that there was no article by Jin, only Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci.
Tao Yuanming (365? 427): A potential figure with a distinct personality. The world calls Mr. Jing Jie, who calls himself Mr. Wu Liu, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the originator of pastoral poetry. His poems like to write about rural life and natural scenery, with simple language and unique style. In fact, he also has some other works, such as Ode to Jing Ke and Reading Shan Hai Jing, which express his ambition and are full of grief and generosity.
Tao Yuanming was pregnant when he was a teenager? Good luck? His ambition, but because of his family background and his time, he didn't become an official until he was 29 years old. During this period, how many times have you been unwilling to be an official? Humiliate yourself? And not good at dealing with officialdom, until 4 1 year-old finally career? I can't bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice? And then quit your job and live your life? Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan? 、? It's ridiculous to get up in the morning, and you brought the lotus home? Types of farming life. In fact, Tao Yuanming retired from Peng's post at the age of 41 and died at the age of 63. Although he experienced a series of ups and downs in life, such as the loss of his sister, fire and famine for more than 20 years, the poet still has a strong character. Don't be ashamed of your hard work, and don't be ashamed of having no money? Even in the embarrassing moment when food and clothing are difficult, he sticks to his spiritual home. Therefore, as? Hermit? Tao Yuanming is not pretending to be lofty. Only he regards seclusion as the sustenance and destination of life; Will. Personality? With what? Freedom? Regard it as the highest value of life.
Is Tao Yuanming a scholar-bureaucrat in China? In a family, many scholar-officials often return to Tao Yuanming to find new life value and comfort themselves after their official career is frustrated or when they are tired of officialdom. Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji. So? Don't bend over for five dou meters? It has also become a fortress of the spiritual world of China literati to protect their freedom to choose their sources. And plain nature has become a lofty artistic position in their hearts.
Second, combine notes, translate and accumulate keywords.
1, important notional words:
Service suggestion, raiders, rest, shelter, scenery, right and wrong, relatives. Wandering, wandering, wandering, gentle, traveling, chatting.
Translate the following sentences.
(1) Serve the form from the heart.
(2) Ask your husband the way forward.
(3) What do you want after driving?
(4) The farmer told Yu Yichun that he wanted to do something with Xichou.
⑤ What does Hu Weiwei want?
⑥ Re-questioning the happy fate.
3. What is the reason why he asked Peng in the Preface, and why did he resign and retire?
4. Read the text and write relevant sentences according to the original text:
Show the urgency of returning home.
When you get home, show your joy.
Which scenery does the author choose to describe the courtyard?
Life after retirement is as follows
5. Summary text:
1? Narrative clues in the fourth paragraph:
The author's emotional course:
3. In what ways does this article describe the happiness of seclusion?
Fourth, inquiry learning:
1, does anyone think the last sentence of this article? Chatting until the end, Loew's fate is ridiculous! ? Including pessimistic and negative thoughts, combine the full text and talk about your views.
The preface of this article says that this article was written in November when B was four years old. But the exact time is controversial. Some people say that this article was written at the beginning of Tao Qian's resignation and retirement (as the textbook notes say), and it is a memoir as well. It is a memoir before I get home, and a memoir after I get home; Some people say that it was written before resignation and retirement, which means that this article is an imaginary work of Yin Sheng after retirement but before retirement. The author resigned and retired soon after writing this article. Please consider the writing time of this article. Which statement do you think is more reasonable?
"Back to Xi Word" Excellent Teaching Plan II [Teaching Purpose]
First, experience the author's interest and life realm, and can simply analyze the author's thoughts.
Second, read and recite the full text, understand the author's feelings, and understand the characteristics of Ci and Fu in reading and reciting.
Third, understanding and accumulation? Lai, Hu, Er, Yi, Jian, Lian, Yi, Shen, Rong, Ce, Jiao, Yao, You, Yi, Yao. The meaning of words like this.
[Teaching Steps]
First reading-word for word, take notes, pronounce correctly, understand the meaning, understand the words said above, and pay attention to the meaning.
Second reading-read through, distinguish levels, and clarify the general idea of each level.
The third reading-close reading, understand the author's feelings, and roughly analyze the author's thoughts.
Fourth reading-read the expression aloud, and read the intonation, severity and urgency.
Five readings-familiar reading into chanting, catchy.
(Note: Poetry and songs must emphasize reading. In reading, we should understand, comprehend, differentiate and integrate words, especially in China's classical poems and ci-fu. )
First of all, it is essential to know the author and his temperament.
Tao Qian (365-427) was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A knowledgeable, cheerful and private person, Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Born into a ruined bureaucratic landlord family, Book of Jin and Book of Song all claimed that he was Tao Kan's great-grandson, and later generations also doubted his statement. He once served as a wine offering ceremony in Jiangzhou, joined the army in the town and county, and served as Peng. Unable to adapt to the secular constraints of officialdom, he decided to leave his job and retire. He is good at poetry and prose, and most of his poems depict natural scenery and rural life scenes. Among the outstanding works, he is tired of officialdom and secular society, showing his interest in leading an honest and clean life and unwilling to bow his head, but he is also ostentatious? Life is impermanent? Lotte Yasushi? Waiting for the negative thinker. Another kind of poetry, such as Ode to Jing Ke and Reading Shan Hai Jing? Jing Wei holds the title of micro-wood, and other articles all contain ambition and are full of compassion and generosity. Its artistic features are both dull and bright; The language is simple and natural, but extremely refined and unique in style. The most famous prose is Peach Blossom Spring, and the most famous word is this one. There is Tao Yuanming's collection.
Please note the following points:
1. When Tao Yuanming was a teenager, he was educated by Confucianism. Is of great benefit to life? Ambition and? Philip Burkart? However, due to the strict aristocratic gate system in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Tao Yuanming's non-aristocratic background, it is difficult to have the opportunity to extend his ambition by being an official.
2. what? Sex is just clumsy, too many things? ("Yan Zi and I are so sparse")? No vulgar rhyme, sex autumn mountain? (Return to the Garden), I want to be an official, but I am tired of the shackles of the secular rules of officialdom, so I have been staying? Two heads and one heart? In the case of (formal and retired). He began to be an official at the age of 29, and since then he has been an official 13 years, at most three times, and the total time of being an official is only four or five years. This contradictory situation has been running through life.
This article was written before the author resigned and retired, not at the beginning of his resignation and retirement as mentioned in the textbook notes. In other words, this article is an imaginary work before resignation and retirement, not a real work. This is a mistake in choosing books and appreciating articles. Our textbooks are also misinformed and wrong.
Second, through the foreword, we can understand the reasons why Tao Qian resigned and retired.
Point out three reasons:
1、? It's natural in nature, not obtained through revision? In other words, I am natural, I will not distort myself, nor will I force myself to do things that nature does not want to do.
2、? Although hunger and freezing are cut, it is against the disease. Hunger and cold are serious, but going against your temperament will hurt your body and mind? What's wrong with you? That may be more unbearable than freezing to death.
3、? Cheng Shimei died in Wuchang? Need to go to the funeral.
The first one is the most basic. It's your nature. Sex akiyama? Advocating nature and being casual, willful and affectionate, and being an official? Deeply ashamed of your lifelong ambition? . Officialdom is really against my own temperament and interest, so I finally abandoned my official position and retired.
Third, clear hierarchy.
The first paragraph, negotiation? Come back? Reason.
The first sentence comes straight to the point and shouts out the long-lost ambition in my heart. - ? Back in Xi, will the countryside destroy Hu Bugui? Just like expressing sulking, I feel very comfortable, honest and relaxed. The last rhetorical question shows that he has made up his mind, and there is no doubt or hesitation. Next, explain the reasons for seclusion. ? Mind is a service? Forced by food and clothing, come out to be an official. In this case, there is nothing to be sad about. It shows that he is in a relaxed mood. You can't regret the past, but you can control the future. The days of officialdom against your will are coming to an end, and a satisfactory life in the future is about to begin. Just live according to your own wishes. Was? Lost? Yesterday was? No? So today's choice is? what's up , is correct. The road is not far away, and the feelings of regret and congratulations are beyond words!
In the second paragraph, imagine the ease of the journey home and the situation after returning home.
First by boat, then on the road, the wind blows clothes, the boat floats, and the mood is pleasant. This is something you should pay attention to when reading. ? Do you hate dawn when you ask recruiters the way ahead? , day and night, anxious to return. Ask recruiters and plan secretly; Hate the first ray of sunshine, dawn is too late. This sense of urgency turned into childlike cheers and joy when I got home. Is it looking at Yu Heng and running with joy? , is a state of ecstasy. ? Welcome, son. Are you waiting for the door? Family, host and servant * * * welcome the host back. ? Take the baby into the room. Is there a wine bottle? You can imagine a family dinner, where the host drinks heartily. Among them? Is Songju still there? There is a metaphor that the tough and fragrant moral integrity is still there. The next four sentences,? Lead the pot? Arrive? Yi an? Write a scene of being proud of drinking. Then from the living room to the garden, high and low, there is a feeling of affection and scenery, and the feeling of leisure and complacency is literally revealed. As you can imagine, he stopped and walked, sometimes looking around, sometimes overlooking, walking with white clouds and birds throwing themselves into the forest, all of which caught his eye. The author is like? Izumo? Tired birds? Being an official was unintentional, but officialdom really bored him. Write a pen? Solitary pine? In fact, he is also expressing his ambition, saying that he is arrogant and loyal.
This passage is written from the road to the door, from the door to the bedroom, and then from the bedroom to the yard, even the eyes are far away. Describing the scenery on the surface and expressing feelings in practice have created a realm that is completely opposite to officialdom, broad-minded, carefree, beautiful and harmonious.
This paragraph can be divided into three layers, which is related to rhyme.
At the beginning? A little? (rhyming i/ui) is the first layer. Again? English? (rhymes en/un) It's on the second floor. Until the end of this paragraph? Wandering? It's on the third floor.
In the third paragraph, imagine the fun of rural life after settlement.
The first sentence echoes the first sentence of the article. Then he said that he wanted to forget the world and refused to make friends-mainly with people in secular officialdom, not everyone. The author takes pleasure in listening to his family's confidences, and takes Qin Shu as his companion, so that he can't hear. It can be said that he is happy to forget his worries. The following description is very poetic. When spring returned to the earth, the farmer told him that he would go to spring ploughing. In the slack season, enjoy traveling, either a truck carrying towels or a boat. This is not only a gentle and elegant road to find ravines, but also a rugged road through hills. Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. ? Pay attention to its meaning. Or a towel cart? After childbirth? Also rugged and hilly? ,? Still alone? Follow up? Are you looking for beggars? . The former is land and the latter is water. ? Wood is thriving and spring is blooming? It is not only a real scene, but also a psychological scene. From things and people, the short sadness of life naturally arises. From spring to the revival of everything, I feel the endless nature and think of the shortness and haste of life. Although a little depressing, the tone of the whole paragraph is quiet and pleasant.
This part is a transfer part. From the above roads, bedrooms, courtyards, to the countryside and mountains and streams, it depicts a beautiful and vibrant quiet world more broadly. The discussion and expression in the previous paragraph is based on this.
The fourth paragraph, express your feelings about the life universe.
The author feels that time is running out in the world. In that case, why not live as you like, why not stretch your mind, why not be free, why not consider so much life and death and worry about it? High officials and generous salaries are not what I want, and it is impossible to go to fairyland. What does the author aspire to? When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick. Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. ? Traveling alone in its beautiful scenery, taking part in farm work in person, singing loudly on Gaogang, and indulging in poetry beside Liu Qing. Finally? Talking about riding to the end, Loew's fate is ridiculous? At the end of the article, with the natural changes from birth to death, what doubts do you have about Lotte Anying? This is the author's life conclusion and philosophy.
How to understand such an idea? We can't put the word negative in the author's two sentences in a general, simple and superficial way. It's a bit negative indeed, and this idea should not be advocated. But we should have a deeper understanding. This is the author's true and complicated feeling after a tortuous life. The author has tasted the viciousness of officialdom and the vulgarity of officialdom life, which reflects the simplicity, truth, nature and freedom of civilian life after his retirement. He really hates the filth of officialdom and is attached to a free life. Moreover, in my opinion, the life of looking at others' faces in officialdom is a kind of distortion and waste of life, and only in this nature can it be the correct way of life-but I have delayed it for too long, so it is a true expression, a complex emotion and a profound experience with positive and negative. The author does not pretend to be lofty, but truly expresses his own thoughts. This kind of frank and angry expression is at least more meaningful than some scholar-officials artificially talking about metaphysics. ?
Fourth, pay attention to the writing characteristics.
1, scene blending, emotion in the scene. The author's feelings, joy and regret are not directly produced, but are subtly and naturally revealed in the description of the scenery with the help of vivid description of the scenery. Like what? Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. Shadows float in, caressing loneliness and lingering. ? Fill in the lines with poems and paintings.
2. The language is simple, the syllables are harmonious, the words are natural, concise, and sculpted, showing a natural, harmonious and pure beauty.
3, the level is clear, roughly? Talk? Describe it? Hair growth? Three parts, and the description part can be subdivided into? On the way? Living room? Courtyard? Country? Four small levels.
[thinking]
First, find out the scenery description with certain figurative meaning in the full text and talk about figurative meaning.
Answer:? Is Songju still there? ,? Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. Shadows float in, caressing loneliness and lingering. ?
Second, how to understand the idea of the last two sentences? Talk about your opinion (see the answer? Self-reading dialing? )
Third, encourage students to carry out shallow research study. Here is a small topic for students to study. The preface of this article says that this article was written in November when B was four years old. But the exact time is controversial. Some people say that this article was written at the beginning of Tao Qian's resignation and retirement (as the textbook notes say), and it is a memoir as well. It is a memoir before I get home, and a memoir after I get home; Some people say that it was written before resignation and retirement, which means that this article is an imaginary work of Yin Sheng after retirement but before retirement. The author resigned and retired soon after writing this article. Please consider the writing time of this article. Which statement do you think is more reasonable? It is more conducive to the understanding of the article.
Answer: The latter makes more sense. Wang Ruoxu once criticized the lack of planning in this article, saying that since it is a matter of attribution, it is also a matter of imagination. However, judging from the following questions, it is contradictory to talk directly. The former? Imagine before, then say it directly, without telling each other. ? In this regard, Mr. Qian Zhongshu quoted Mr. Zhou's opinion in "A Cone in a Tube": The preface said that the ci was written in November and was still in the middle of winter; What if? Recording? 、? Direct statement? , is there? Mu Xinxin is thriving? 、? When everything is fine? Waiting to see the scenery? Really? The farmer told Yu Yichun that things should be raised in the west? 、? Or plant a stick and sow the seeds? Waiting for personnel? It goes without saying that there is no imagination of going back to the past. ? Mr. Qian thinks this article comes from? This ship is far from the light, Yang? Where to? Also rugged and hilly? ,? From the beginning of Syria to the end of home, the mind first thinks about it vividly, just like the body. , his plan and the book of songs? Dongshan writes that the recruiter hasn't arrived home yet, but I imagine the situation at home is similar. I think it is correct and profound to understand the characteristics of the novel in this way. Tao Qian wrote this article when he was about to return to China. People have not returned, and their hearts have returned first. His imagination of returning to China, as well as various situations after returning to China, precisely shows his determination and eagerness to return to China. If we regard it as a record of narrative and facts, we will lose our strong emotional color and imagination, and as Mr. Zhou said, it is not in line with the reality of writing time. It should be noted that Tao Yuanming is a poet with creative imagination, and his Peach Blossom Garden has created a beautiful and realistic paradise with rich imagination, becoming? Utopia? The ancestors of. ? This romantic imagination is an important feature of Tao Yuanming's creation, and it is also the secret that constitutes the novel characteristics of Gui Xi Ci.