1 Reduplication and repetition
For example, Yuan Mei's Night on December 15th: "The abyss is more urgent, and people are dying. The window is bright and clean, and the moon is white every day. " The process of deeper silence is vividly conveyed by the words "heavy" and "gradual", which makes people seem to hear the footsteps of the night god.
There is also Liu Changqing's "Su Shuangfeng Temple, Send, Li Sixteen Poems": "The twilight is deep and gray." "Shaking" and "Cangshan" are used to describe the trail of sunset apes and the green color of Gu Song, which are in place and rhyme clearly.
Overlap is the repetition of words, which belongs to rhetoric and can play a very wonderful role if used well.
2 Sentence structure repetition
This repetition is not only no problem, but also plays a powerful role in the progress of poetry. It is a special usage of the poet's language, and it can also strengthen the sense of rhythm in rhythm. The sentence pattern is relatively fixed and everyone can understand it at a glance.
For example, Yuan Zhen's "lazy look back, half the sky is repaired, half the sky is a gentleman." There is also a popular lyric recently, "A misty rain in a city leads to a terrace on the first floor", which is also a sentence of "balancing income". Although I don't know the context, it is ok to put it in poetry. And "Half Ming Jiang Moon, Half Qiu Jiang". These repeated words are rhetorical devices to create artistic conception, and there is no problem.
This repetitive word structure is obvious, which is deliberately arranged by the author at first glance.
Third, non-rhetorical non-overlapping repetition
This requires caution.
Classical poetry is divided into classical poetry (ancient style) and modern poetry (metrical poetry), and modern poetry is divided into three formats: quatrains, metrical poems and parallel poems. Among them, the ancient style is relatively loose, allowing the use of heavy words. As long as you express it well and use it casually, it is not a problem. ?
What is considered problematic is the repeated use of words other than "overlapping" as rhetoric in a metrical poem.
? In the creation of rhythmic poems close to form, it is best not to use repetitive words outside rhetoric. When we are writing metrical poems, if we are inspired and do it on impulse, sometimes it is inevitable that we will have heavy words without knowing it. Therefore, it is necessary to modify and replace the repeated words in the later review.
I believe there is no work that has not been revised several times. There is only one Li Bai, most of whom are Jia Dao.
A satisfactory work needs repeated scrutiny. Of course, there is no problem if you don't change it. Poetry, after all, is a personal matter. Just don't care what others think of the work.
Why should poetry try to avoid non-rhetorical words? The main reason is that the number of words is small and cannot be wasted.
The number of words in metrical poems is fixed, especially quatrains, ranging from 20 words to 28 words. It is necessary to write landscapes, express emotions and fully express will in these more than 20 words, but also leave blank and create artistic conception. It can be said that not a word can be wasted.
In addition, metrical poems are exquisite works that combine rhythm and content, and metrical poems are even. If there is repetition, if the homonym is better and the homonym is consistent, it is equivalent to adding another set of shackles to the metrical poem that has been bound by the flat format, which is not conducive to the melody arrangement and content creation of the whole poem.
Therefore, we should try to avoid non-rhetorical repetition in metrical poems.
Of course, this is not absolute. For example, the half-rhythmic masterpiece Yellow Crane Tower: "A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven, and now there is nothing left but the Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane does not return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly without him ... "Four words and three" yellow cranes "are still in one go, without any obstacles.
Cui Hu's four-line poem "South Village of the Capital": "Last year today, at this gate, peach blossoms set each other off. People don't know where to go, and peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze. " Last year and Peach Blossom were repeated twice in just 28 words, but they were also full of images and did not repeat.
Li Shangyin's Notes to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night: "Ask Jun to return, it rains late in the autumn pool. When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, it talks about the rain at night. " I actually repeated the four-word phrase, but because of the different parts of speech of "rainy night" in the two places (see the detailed analysis of "Notes for a friend in the North on a rainy night"), it is not complicated and creates a unique artistic conception.
Wang Anshi's "Traveling to Zhongshan": "I can't get tired of seeing the mountains all day, so I will stay in Laoshan if I buy them. Mountain flowers are full of mountains and rivers are idle. " This is amazing, 28 words, eight "mountains" in the middle, and the key feeling is quite good.
These repetitions are not unnecessary repetitions of single words. These phrases have image characteristics and need to be repeated. This rhetorical method is used to achieve a special effect.
Only when it is used as a rhetorical device, the repetition of words or words appears, which is basically the deliberate arrangement of the poet. Unconscious repetition of words is generally counterproductive, so try to avoid it.
Moreover, these great poets seldom use repetitive words to create artistic conception in metrical poems, which are basically special cases.
When we study the creation of ancient poetry, we should follow the rules in the early stage, write the rules of metrical style, and try not to use words repeatedly.
As for how to avoid it, we can only check, modify and replace it with words of the same level and level.
There are so many Chinese characters that it is hard to say that there are no irreplaceable words. One suggestion is to broaden your knowledge and learn allusions. Another suggestion is to let go. It is nothing more than a poem that is not very good to read.