Reference answers for ancient Chinese literature (1) formative assessment
Reference answers for formative assessment 1
1. Explanation of terms (***2 questions, 4 points for each question)
1. Repeating style: "Ryming style" is also called repeated singing, which refers to the folk song style with repeated chapters and repeated chants in the chapter structure. This posture is very prominent in the Book of Songs. A poem is often composed of several chapters, and the words and sentences between chapters are basically the same. Only a few words are changed accordingly and chanted repeatedly. According to statistics, this form of repeated chanting accounts for more than half of the 305 chapters in the Book of Songs, and is mostly concentrated in the "Guofeng" and "Xiaoya" sections.
2. Ernan Independence Theory: The "Ernan Independence" theory is also called the "Four Poems" theory, which is a way of classifying the Book of Songs. Su Zhe of the Northern Song Dynasty first advocated the "Two South Independent Theory" in his "Collected Poems", believing that "The Book of Songs" should be divided into four categories: "Feng", "Ya", "Song" and "Nan", that is, "Zhou Nan", "Zhao Nan" "South" is independent from "Guofeng" and is listed in its own category.
The textbook believes that the "two-south independence theory" is difficult to establish.
2. Short answer questions (***2 questions, 10 points each)
1. How does "Preface to Mao's Poems" explain "Ode to Fengya"? Tell us what you think of this explanation.
Answer: The "Preface to Mao's Poems" explains "wind": wind, wind, teaching, wind moves it, teaching transforms it. ...use "Wind" as a political tool for education and satire, and based on this, take quotes out of context and forcibly consolidate them, thinking that the verses of "Wind" are related to the politics of beauty and assassination. This interpretation of "Guofeng" is farthest from the poetic meaning.
"Preface to Mao's Poems" explains "Ya": Ya refers to the reasons for the rise and fall of the king's government. There are small and big politics, so there are small and elegant ones, and there are big and elegant ones. It is believed that "Ya" specifically states the pros and cons of politics, and distinguishes large and small Ya based on the size of political affairs. This is not consistent with the content of the poem "Ya".
2. What artistic principles does the Book of Songs establish for the creation and criticism of Chinese poetry?
The artistic principles of Chinese poetry creation and criticism established in The Book of Songs: (1) Elegance, which requires poetry creation to have noble meaning and serious emotional content; (2) Bixing, which requires poetry to be in the artistic context The performance should be sarcastic.
3. Essay questions (***2 questions, 20 points each)
1. What is the spirit of allegory? What impact did the allegorical spirit have on later literature?
The spirit of satire, also known as the spirit of allegory, is a poetic character formed since the Book of Songs. This is a spiritual character created by a group of outstanding individuals with good cultural education and a strong sense of social responsibility and political participation. It is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is the concern for the country and the people, and the other is the conscious awareness of observing etiquette and cultivating morality. For example, the worry about the royal family in "The Book of Songs Daya·The Turn of October"; for example, the warning to King Zhou of Yin that his country would perish due to his lack of morality in "The Book of Songs Daya·Dang" all show this spirit.
The Book of Songs created a tradition of satirical remonstrance spirit, which was further developed in Chu Ci. Later, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others inherited this spirit.
2. Take "Deer Ming", "Bin's First Feast", "Logging" and other poems as examples to analyze the main content and ideological and artistic value of Yan's poems in "The Book of Songs".
(1) The main content of Yanfan poems
The main content of Yanfan poems directly reflects the ceremonial activities such as the feast ceremony, Yanli ceremony, and rural drinking ceremony in Jiali.
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①Reflects the banquet activities. The banquet is a symbolic banquet held by Emperor Zhou in the Ancestral Temple. For example, "Xiaoya Lu Ming" describes the grand occasion of the King of Zhou's banquet with ministers and guests; "Xiaoya Tong" "Gong" is about the banquet of the King of Zhou and the rewards for meritorious princes; "Xiaoya Sanghu" is about the praise and admonishment of the princes when the King of Zhou entertained them; "Xiaoya? Yuzao" and "Daya? Lingzuo" are about the banquet of the King of Zhou When feeding the princes, the princes praised the king of Zhou.
②Reflect the Yanli activities. The Yan feast poems reflect the most Yanli activities, such as "Xiaoya? There are Jiayu in the South" which writes about the banquet hosted by the feudal lord Entertaining guests, "also recounts the preparations of the guests and hosts"; "Xiaoya Guest's First Banquet" describes the whole process of the banquet of the lords and nobles, and satirizes their excessive drinking and disrespect for morality; "Xiaoya Zhanlu" is written by the same surname "Xiaoya? Fish Li" is about the rich wine and delicacies at the banquet of the lords and nobles; "Song of Lu? You Gou" is about the kings and ministers of the Lu State having a banquet in the office, celebrating the harvest, and praising virtues and blessings .
③Reflects the rural drinking ceremony activities. The rural drinking ceremony mostly refers to the banquet ceremony of the princes and rural officials. For example, "Xiaoya Changdi" writes about banquets for brothers of the same clan, and repeatedly states that brothers should support each other and unite. Friendship; "Xiaoya·Lumbering" writes about banquets with relatives and old friends, praising friendship; "Daya·Xingwei" writes about nobles banqueting clansmen and performing archery rituals.
(2) The ideological and artistic value of Yanxi's poems
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①The political value of Yanxi poems: connecting friendship and consolidating rule
The rulers of the Zhou Dynasty used Yanxi poems as a political means to harmonize the nine tribes, communicate with each other, and consolidate the ruling order. Yanxi poems Etiquette is only a means, and consolidating political power is the fundamental purpose. The purpose of writing Yanxi poems is not purely to express the scenes of happy gatherings and banquets, but to use the form of poetry to warn people to follow Yanxi etiquette, focusing on highlighting the ability of Yanxi to communicate Friendship, the political utilitarian role of consolidating the rule. For example, in "Xiaoya Lu Ming", "People are kind to me, and they show me how to behave in Zhou Dynasty", which is about the ministers and guests praising the King of Zhou and giving advice to the King of Zhou, which is a useful way of governing the country. "I have a guest, Deyin Kongzhao" is written by the King of Zhou who praised the monarch and his guests for their high moral character and good reputation. The monarch and his ministers should respect each other with courtesy, love each other with virtue, and praise each other will naturally help to eliminate barriers and harmonize the relationship. , beneficial to governing the country.
②The historical value of Yan Feast Poetry: recording the procedures and rituals of ancient Yan Feast Ceremony
The Yan Feast Poetry not only has important political value, but also has important They have historical value. They record many procedures and rituals of Yan's feast, and are important historical materials for studying the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty. For example, "Xiaoya Huye" has three chapters: "Defining words to offer them" and "Taking words to serve them". ", "reward with discretion". The ancients collectively called it "the gift of one offering", and also called it "the gift of the three nobles". This is a necessary procedure in Yan's feast. "Xiaoya Bin's First Banquet" "Three princes don't know each other, but they dare to be too many" refers to this, but here it specifically refers to the ceremony of a small banquet for ministers and kings with the measure of three. In "Xiaoya Lu Ming" " "The basket is the general" is a gift of reward coins, that is, the basket is used as a gift to reward guests and invite guests to drink.
③The aesthetic value of Yan's poems: harmonious and cheerful style; lifelike The character image
The Yanxi poems are the only group of poems in the history of world literature that simply reflect the ancient Yanxi activities and have unique aesthetic value. First of all, they truly show the scenes of Yanxi activities and express The harmonious, joyful and warm atmosphere in Chu Yan Feast has formed a unique style. For example, "Xiaoya Luming" reflects the harmony between the guests and the host, while "Xiaoya Changdi" describes many The joy and harmony of brothers gathering together. Secondly, Yan Feast poems also created many vivid images of aristocrats at the Yan Feast. For example, "The First Banquet of the Bin" vividly depicts the image of a group of decadent, hypocritical, ugly aristocratic drunkards. Questions
4. Discussion questions (***1 question, 30 points)
(2) The artistic achievements of love and marriage poems in "The Book of Songs"
Love and Marriage Poetry is one of the most valuable parts of the Book of Songs, and its artistic achievements are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
① Realistic realistic techniques. Love and marriage poems truly convey the deep feelings between men and women and reproduce the situation of marriage and love life in Zhou Dynasty society.
② Distinctive image creation. Love and marriage poems also create many vivid and vivid images of boys and girls through direct emotional outpouring. The girls are innocent, graceful, charming, solemn and reserved, and the boys are powerful, suave and even playful smiles, all of which are lifelike.
③Description of scenery with profound meaning. The scenery descriptions of love and marriage poems in "The Book of Songs" are also quite distinctive, and many of them have interesting references. For example, "Jianjia" uses the desolate autumn scenery to set off the melancholy and sadness of not being able to get it, and "Taoyao" uses gorgeous peach blossoms to imply the warm atmosphere and new life of the wedding. The bride is as beautiful as a flower. These symbolic lyric poems, which blend scenes and scenes, contain endless emotional connotations and have a great influence on later generations.
④Vivid language. Most of the love and marriage poems are folk songs, and their language style is also very lively. For example, "Zheng Feng; Qin Wei" describes the teasing between men and women, and "Pai Shang" describes the teasing between women and men, both of which are full of lively folk song flavor.