"In the absence of direct mutual influence and contact, this relatively general or specialized similarity feature is called similarity or similarity in historical typology.
"Historical typology is different from analogies in influence studies and parallel studies, because it pays attention to the development of social history and the characteristics as the historical law of literature. It can be said that it more embodies the methods and concepts of history.
There are many similar literary phenomena among different nationalities in the world, such as the similarity of ideas, images, plots, literary themes and poetic styles in romantic works.
This similarity must be related to a specific social and historical stage.
The works of Wordsworth, Byron, Keats, elizabeth barret browning and Baudelaire are all related to the conflict between the representative personality in the historical transition period and modern society.
Historical type refers to the same and repeated things in different cultural systems at a certain historical stage, that is, the representative of type.
Zhirmunski, a Russian scholar of comparative literature, based on the Marxist concept of world historical development, put forward the view that the development stages and conditions of literature and history correspond to each other from the perspective of establishing a whole literature: "We can and should compare similar literary phenomena in the same social and historical development stage, although these phenomena are not directly related to each other.
"The literary similarity in comparative literature research is obvious to all.
This similar literary phenomenon may cover all kinds of more substantive relations, rather than superficial factual relations.
Induce them to become the same or different phenomena, and establish kinship with history, thus forming a genre system in literary works.
At this point, historical typology embodies the characteristics of social and historical criticism.
It holds that "any literary influence is related to the social changes of borrowed images." The so-called social change refers to the creative transformation and adaptation of social conditions that become the premise of mutual influence, the adaptation of national life and national personality characteristics at a certain stage of social development, the adaptation of national literary traditions, and the ideological and artistic uniqueness of borrowed writers' creative personality.
"The wide application of historical typology can be used to study many literary phenomena.
Igor's expedition is between ancient Scandinavian epics, German and Czech epics and ancient Yugoslav songs. Or between the expedition of Igor and the German heroic epic Song of Nibelungen, between the French heroic epic Sid, and between the German heroic epics Walter Julius and the Tiger Knight, through the study of historical typology, we can see that these epic works are similar in thought and art, which is closely related to the writer's creative activities and typical social environment.
Similarly, the comparison between the structures of literary works can also be carried out by historical typology.
Because literary structure is also a phenomenon in historical development, from a historical point of view, it is a relatively stable and important link in the inheritance relationship of the times.
Since literary structure is inseparable from social and national characteristics, ethics and aesthetic values, it is inseparable from the relationship with the times.
In this regard, Real Chenko once said: "... in all kinds of extremely different types of generalizations, the similarity and similarity of similar things can not be explained by the direct opposition between individual and local things, but by their internal relations.
"The concept of parallel research, parallel research, refers to the comparative study of literary phenomena of different nationalities, countries and regions without factual connection, that is, there is no sequential causality, only parallel interrelationships.
This parallel relationship comes from the aesthetic characteristics or forms of literature. For example, literature cares about the goodness and beauty of human nature, sympathizes with the weak, praises life, is full of imagination and emotion, and relies on the expressive force of written language, and so on.
Because it is no longer limited to facts, parallel research focuses on the distant echo and harmonious vibration of literary aesthetic processes, means, methods and crystals of different countries and nationalities.
These literary phenomena, which echo each other from afar and vibrate harmoniously, may occur at the same time, and there will also be a time gap due to the differences in cultural development, but in the end, it shows that "the world is one with the mind" (Qian Zhongshu's words).