"Omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis."
"The omissions listed are marked with ellipsis."
"Intermittent speech can be marked by ellipsis."
"Used to express the preservation of the original text or unfinished sentences, indicating that it is not forbidden."
leave out
Ellipsis is a label that indicates what is omitted in a sentence.
The main usage of ellipsis is to indicate ellipsis. There are four main contents of ellipsis: one is quotation; Second, repeat words; The third is a similar statement; The fourth is enumeration.
In addition to ellipsis, ellipsis can be used in the following ways:
1, silence:
Exodus: What? Aunt Mei's health can't stand the bumps on the road! Ouyang Ping: ...
2, table language interrupt:
The man in the robe asked, "This is my brother." The answer in the hat.
Dashes can also indicate language interruption, but there are differences between them: dashes indicate that the language stops suddenly, and ellipses indicate that the reverberation is lingering.
3. The table language is intermittent.
Example: My superior … sent me … to work here … and I … didn't … complete the task entrusted to me by my superior …
4, vague and awkward.
Exodus: I suddenly became timid and wanted to translate what I had said before. That's true, I don't know. Actually, I don't know if there is a soul. "
5, indicating that the meaning is still unfinished.
Example: "Shit! However ... "Fourth uncle said.
When using ellipsis, we should pay attention to the following questions:
(1) Don't abuse ellipsis. First, ellipsis can't be used when the context is unclear after ellipsis, but it can't be used without the above special meaning.
(2) If "etc." and "etc." are used, ellipsis cannot be used. (Ellipsis is different from "etc". And "wait". Ellipsis can indicate all kinds of things that need to be omitted, while the latter can only be similar words or meanings. )
(3) Punctuation before and after ellipsis should be handled correctly: first, the ellipsis is preceded by a complete sentence, and the punctuation at the end of the sentence should be used before the ellipsis to indicate that the sentence is omitted; Second, the ellipsis is not a complete sentence, and there is generally no dot before the ellipsis, indicating the omitted words and phrases; Third, punctuation is generally not used after ellipsis.
(4) If a large paragraph or several paragraphs are omitted, they will be represented by twelve points and arranged separately.
Dash is a widely used label. Its main uses can be summarized as follows.
1. is used to explain or supplement the above contents. For example, "the Asian continent has the highest mountain system in the world-the Himalayas, and the highest mountain on earth-Mount Everest."
Parentheses also indicate explanations, but the explanations guided by dashes are part of the text and important information to read. The explanation in brackets is not the text, but a note. Without it, the integrity of the sentence will not be affected, and it is not necessary to read it in combination with the text.
If an explanation or supplementary sentence is inserted in the middle of a sentence, you can use dashes before and after it. For example, "In addition to the nine planets-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto-there are 40 satellites and countless asteroids, comets and meteoroids in the solar system." "My intuition-though not always reliable-tells me that there may be something wrong."
2. Indicates the change of topic. For example, "My company in Zhuhai is doing very well. The boss is good to me, and the salary is quite high, more than 3 thousand a month! -Can I have a cigarette? "I told you about myself before the dash, and then suddenly turned to ask the other person something else.
3. It means that words are interrupted. For example, "'monitor, he died-'Pony burst into tears before he finished." "He's very old-(Dunn) he thought his mother had died." The dash in the above example means that the following words were not spoken. In the latter case, it means that the sentence is temporarily interrupted, paused, and then continued.
4. Indicates the prolongation of sound. For example, "Shun-Yamashita-shouts from the boys of our logging company came from the Woods."
5. It means to introduce the following. For example: "In an article entitled" On Integrity ",he summed up the historical path and realistic situation of China intellectuals since the May 4th Movement-"The little girl looks like her mother, and my heart is shaking. In front of my eyes, I saw the scene of living in Hu Aishu village ten years ago-"The following paragraph led by a dash is often another paragraph.
6. Summarize the above. For example, "in fact, this critic not only lacks common sense of ancient literature and art, but also doesn't understand the meaning of ordinary ancient Chinese vocabulary." He said "pay attention" (pay attention to this, make up for more losses) as "don't care, don't pay attention"; Department with incense' (another name for Shangshu Province) is called' government with incense'; Saying' holding a thorn' (holding a business card in your arms,' thorn' is today's business card) is' holding something with a thorn'-all groundless. "
7. Branch list, each item is preceded by a dash. For example, the relationship between the central and local governments is one of the core issues of the national political and economic system. The main principles that need to be established urgently at present are:
-the principle of legalization of democratic centralism;
-the principle of legalization of the party's leadership;
-the principle of giving full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments;
-the principle of separating government from enterprise.
8. Used in front of subtitles. For example:
Language and philosophy
-A comparative study of contemporary philosophical traditions in Britain, America and Germany.
9. Used to indicate the author after citation. For example:
When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass.
-Bai Juyi
(Excerpted from the Dictionary of Practical Chinese Norms, Chinese Publishing House, 1999, 1)