If someone is thinking about Ming Gao, he will be troubled by the accumulated snow.
The Hong River is too cold to be crossed, and the scales of the ice dragon are too thick to be cut.
Miaoxian Mountain is extremely steep, and you can hear the noisy sounds of nature.
The frost cliffs are as white as a long fan, like the waves of the sea.
The black ape is green, licking the wormwood,
The dangerous stone shakes, frightened, and the group shouts and calls each other.
The towering peaks are cut off from the road, and the stars hang on the rocks.
Send you back home, and move Ming Gao's new work.
Playing drums and playing silk strings, drinking wine from the clear pond pavilion.
If you can't do it, what will you do? If you look back at the yellow crane.
The heroes who swept Liangyuan brought elegance to Dongluo.
The scarf is in the way of building a pavilion, and it has experienced obstacles and setbacks. Looking for a secluded place, it is getting more and more winding.
Sitting on the plain moon on the white stone, the harp and pine trees are windy and silent.
Out of sight, the mood is filled with excitement, and the flowers are dimly visible.
The water is flowing below the cave, and the sound of waves can be heard rising up.
The tiger roars in the valley and generates wind; the dragon hides in the stream and spits out clouds.
The crane chirps and the hungry glider groans.
Being alone here makes me feel humorous, and I feel sad when I feel empty.
Chickens gather together to compete for food, while phoenixes fly alone without neighbors.
The scorpion mocks the dragon, and the fish's eyes are mixed with treasures.
My mother is well-dressed, but Xishi is unpaid.
If the nest is shackles on the crown of the crown, is it also like the Kui dragon lamely swaying in the wind and dust?
Why cry to save Chu, why laugh to praise but save Qin.
I sincerely cannot imitate the two sons and pretend to be famous in order to shine in the world. I will abandon the world and die.
The white gull flew over and had a blind date with you.
This poem was written by Li Bai when he sent his friend Cen Xun back to Minggao Mountain (in today's Luhun County, Henan Province) for hermitage. It was in the midwinter of the fifth year of Tianbao (746). Cen Xun was Li Bai's good friend. He was the "Master Cen" whom the poet called "Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, when wine is about to enter, the cup will not stop" in the poem "About Drinking". Cen Xun had never been an official in his life, but the emperor once issued an edict to conquer him, but he could not avoid it, so he was called "Zhengjun". According to the poem "The heroes who swept Liangyuan, and promoted elegance in Dongluo," we can see that he was not only aloof and aloof, but also extremely talented. The original note under the title of the poem says: "At that time, there were three feet of snow in Liang Garden, in the Qingleng Pool." Liang Garden was built by King Xiao of Liang Dynasty in the Han Dynasty. In Li Bai's collection, some of the annotations under the poem titles were casually noted by people in the Song Dynasty when compiling the anthology, and some were annotated by Li Bai himself. This line of annotation is definitely Li Bai's original annotation. In the autumn of the fifth year of Tianbao, Li Bai left his home in Donglu and prepared to travel south to Wuyue. Before traveling south, I first went to Songzhou (i.e. Shangqiu). Shortly after writing this poem, in the spring of the following year (Tianbao Sixth Year), I set off south.
The original poem is relatively long and can be divided into three sections according to the emotions in the poem.
From the beginning to "hanging stars on rocks" is the first paragraph. The two sentences "If someone comes and misses Minggao" echo the title, saying that Cen Xun missed the place where he lived in seclusion, Minggao Mountain (in today's Luhun County, Henan), but he was troubled by the heavy snow that prevented him from making the trip. The following two sentences, "The Hong River is so steep that it cannot be crossed," describe the dangers on the road. The ten sentences, "Miaoxian Mountain is extremely steep," describe the desolate, dangerous, high, and bitterly cold state of Jiminggao Mountain in the middle of winter. The reason for these "horrifying" descriptions of horror may be related to the poet's reluctance to break up with his friends and his disapproval of his choice to set off in such a cold season.
The second paragraph is from "sending you home" to "being overwhelmed by the empty mountains and worrying about others". The four lines of "Sending you home" still correspond to the meaning of sending someone off in the title. The two sentences "How can I treat you if you can't do it" describe Cen Xun's attachment to the poet. The two sentences "The Heroes of Sweeping Liangyuan" embellish Cen Xun's extraordinary talent. The following ten sentences, in addition to the two sentences "Sitting on the white stone under the plain moon, the piano and pines blowing in the silent valley" contain praise for the hermit's leisurely taste in the wind and moon, they continue to write about the deep and solemn atmosphere of Minggao Mountain and the hermit's solitude. The state of loneliness and sadness. The reason why it is described in this way is basically the same as above.
However, no matter what, the poet's description of the environment of Minggao Mountain always seems to be too exaggerated. Just the attachment and melancholy about the impending separation from his friends are not such excessive emotions; although Li Bai is a romantic poet, his mood swings are not so big. There must be another reason for this, and we need to do some searching.
From "Chickens gather to compete for food" to the end is the third paragraph. This paragraph expresses his (and Cen Xun's) frustration at failure and his anger at social injustice. "Chickens gather together to compete for food" is a metaphor for those who strive for fame and wealth, and "a phoenix flies alone without neighbors" is a metaphor for Ji and Cen Xun's high standards of independence. "The grasshopper mocks the dragon" The following three sentences are a metaphor for the injustice in reality where the wise and the foolish are not distinguished, and beauties and beauties are reversed. Chaoyou was a great hermit in Yao's time, and Kuilong was a wise minister in Shun's time. Chao You should be hidden but cannot be hidden, and Kui Long should be an official but cannot be an official. These are all unfair suppression and distortion of human personality by society. "Why bother crying to save Chu" use Shen Baoxu to cry Qin Tingdian, "Laughing why praise but defeat Qin" use Lu Zhonglian to retreat Qin Bingdian. These two allusions are often used in Li Bai's poems, mostly in a complimentary tone. The criticism here is that they are cynical to the extreme, so there are various uses or reverse uses of the allusions. The last few sentences indicate that he will "abandon heaven and earth and leave the world behind" and will hide in the mountains and rivers to be close to Cen Xun.
This section is the focus of the whole poem. It can be seen that "Minggao Song" is not a simple gift poem, nor is it just a description of the situation of Minggao Mountain. It is a poem with the title of giving away something to complain about. In the first year of Tianbao, Li Bai responded to the imperial edict and went to Chang'an to become a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The title of Hanlin Bachelor is just an empty title and has no actual position. To put it bluntly, he is just a literary attendant of the Queen. Tang Xuanzong had no intention of re-employing Li Bai, and coupled with the slander from several favored ministers in the court, Li Bai had no choice but to resign and return home with deep anger. The complaints here are not only directed at social reality, but also directed at their own experiences. This is obvious. The question is, why did Hui Wen You want to exaggerate Minggao Mountain to be so terrifying and terrifying, and write the hermit's life so desolate and lonely (and it is in obvious conflict with the last paragraph of "The white gull flew over and stayed with the king") with)? It is still difficult for us to find the solution from this paragraph.
Here, it is necessary to contact another poem by Li Bai: "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell". "Dream Wandering Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell" was written in the autumn of the fifth year of Tianbao. It was written by Li Bai to say goodbye to Donglu Dukes when he traveled south to Wuyue. It was slightly earlier than the original song "Ming Gao Ge". The poet longed for Tianmu Mountain, which "overwhelms the five mountains", so he "sleepwalked". However, similarly, in the poet's writings, Tianmu Mountain is not only beautiful and amiable, but sometimes also desolate, cold and even terrifying. Such as the following sentences:
Thousands of rocks have endless twists and turns, and the lost flowers leaning against the rocks are suddenly dim.
Bears roar and dragons sing in Yinyan Spring, and chestnut trees in deep forests are astonishing at the top of the mountain.
The clouds are green and it looks like rain, and the water is light and smokey.
The columns were struck by thunderbolts, and the hills collapsed.
The cave sky stone fan opens in the center.
……
Suddenly my soul palpitates and my soul moves, I suddenly start and sigh.
Li Bai’s hiding, including wandering around the mountains and rivers, mostly contained political purposes, that is, through "hiding", he could be used by the emperor and make contributions. This is especially true in the first year of Tianbao when he was recruited as a hermit before being a Hanlin scholar. However, within three years, Li Bai, who was already a close minister of the emperor, was abandoned by the court due to slander. After leaving the court, Li Bai was panicked and didn't know where he was. Traveling south to the mountains and rivers of Wuyue, and then "hiding" again? It has no clear political purpose and seems meaningless. As a result, the Wuyue landscape that haunted his soul appeared in his writings as a terrifying and terrifying scene. Although Minggao Mountain is the place where my friend Cen Xun will hide, because of his good and evil feelings towards "hiding", it can't help but become a terrifying place. The two poems were written at the same time, and some of their terms are very similar. It makes perfect sense to make such a connection. In this way, the literal contradictions and difficulties in "Ming Gao Ge" can be explained.
This piece is in the form of Chu Ci, which is unique among Li Bai's poems. In Li Bai's poems, Sao-style sentence patterns are often seen, but the entire poem is modeled after the Chu-style style, but this one is unique. Wang Qi's "The Complete Works of Li Taibai" quoted Chao Bu as saying: "Li Bai's "Ming Gao Ge" is originally a Chu poem, but the world mistakenly thinks of it as poetry." In fact, Chu Ci is also a poem, but the syntax is different from the previous "Book of Songs" 》 and subsequent five-character and seven-character poems. The syntax of Chu Ci is more flexible, with six or seven characters being the main ones, with occasional four, five, eight or nine characters. Li Bai likes to write poems in Sao style sentences or write articles in Sao style. In addition to his Chu Sao style, he also wants to create an momentum in his poems - sentences of different lengths can easily form a kind of momentum. The momentum of anger, unevenness, and changes. However, Li Bai did not follow the Chu Ci form invariably, he also made changes. "Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties" quotes Chen Yi as saying: "The ancestor of poetry, ***, was from the Han and Wei dynasties. He was good at twisting and turning, creating strange things that are shocking and shocking. He suddenly threw them out, and the wonder was silent." Sincerity is a wise statement. People today like to talk about the so-called "weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty"; from the perspective of poetry structure, what best reflects the "weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty" is not the Five Ancients and Five Rhymes, nor the Seven Rhymes, but Qijue and Qigu. In particular, the Seven Ancient Ones (also known as the Seven Character Songs) was founded in the Southern Dynasties and was truly recreated and promoted in the hands of the people of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The sentences can be long or short, the rhymes used are varied, and the restraints are removed. It is really majestic and is the true style of the Tang people. "Free verse." This extreme of Qi Gu reached a wonderful state in Li Bai's hands. This is a large topic and cannot be discussed in detail here. That is to say, in this song "Minggao Song", Li Bai transformed the form of Chu Ci and incorporated the Qi Ancient style into the Chu Ci sentence patterns. In other words, it is an organic fusion of Chu Ci style and seven-character song lines. The long sentences in the poem, such as "If the nest is shackles in the Xuan Mian, it will also be ridiculed by the Kui dragon lamely swaying in the wind and dust"; "I sincerely can't imitate the two sons who pretend to be famous in order to shine in the world", etc., in Chu Ci There is none. When we read "Ming Gao Ge", we feel that its shape is similar to the Songs of Chu, and we feel that it is similar in spirit to "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Wine Will Enter", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell", these seven ancient famous poems, as if there is a vigorous momentum in it. The poems are dancing and dancing, and this is the reason.
This article is unique in the structure of the article, the rendering of environment and emotion, and the frequent use of overlapping rhyming words (such as Ling Jing, Zhen Hao, Li Cang, Lao Xi, etc.). Due to space limitations, , I won’t go into details one by one.