Du Mu
Prosperity dispels fragrance and dust, while running water makes grass spring.
at dusk, the east wind complains about birds, and falling flowers are still like falling off a building.
this is a masterpiece.
The ancient site of Jinguyuan is located in Jingujian, northwest of Luoyang City, Henan Province. It was originally a villa built by Shi Chong, a great bureaucrat in the Western Jin Dynasty, and it once flourished. But it was abolished in the Tang Dynasty. In the evening of late spring, the poet came here to pay tribute to the historic site, and involuntarily thought of its former prosperous scene and the person who fell from the building-the Green Pearl. At this time, what he saw and heard was stained with the poet's feeling.
At the beginning, I started to imagine Jingu Garden, which contains the overall feeling of paying tribute to the historic sites: the prosperous scene of the past has vanished, just like the fact that Shi Chong made the geisha follow the incense dust without trace. According to Wang Jia's "Notes on the Picking Up", "Shi Jilun's chips are as fragrant as dust, and they are spread on the bed to make the loved ones practice them, and those who have no traces are given real pearls." The poet used this fact to skillfully use metaphors, hidden words, generalizations and other techniques to show the former prosperous virtual scene through the typical example of "chasing incense and dust", which made it look concrete. The word "San" is the focus of the poet's feelings, which directly opens the last three sentences: it used to be so prosperous, but now there are only running water, grass, singing birds and falling flowers. The water flowing through Jinguyuan hurried away as always, without mercy; The grass covered with Jingu Garden has also withered from spring to winter, and it is slightly casual about the ups and downs here. The birdsong coming from the east wind seems to be full of resentment, but the falling flowers in the dusk are very similar to the green beads falling from the building in the past, which makes people feel sad and cry. According to the Biography of Shi Chong in the Book of Jin, a prostitute is admired as a green pearl, beautiful and gorgeous, and she is good at playing the flute. Sun Xiu made people ask for it, and Chong was furious and said, "I love the green pearl, but I can't get it." Show anger, correct and accept worship. Chongzheng gave a banquet upstairs. When the usher came to the door, Chongzheng called Lvzhu and said, "I have sinned for you." Lvzhu wept and said, "Dangxiao died before you." Died of throwing himself downstairs. The poet integrated this historical fact into the scene, from heartless running water, grass, singing birds, to people who lost their lives because of sentient beings, writing it layer by layer, setting off sentient beings with ruthlessness and mourning the past. From this, it fully shows the poet's attitude towards nature and society. The poet did not praise Lvzhu's chastity from the perspective of feudal morality, but showed his deep sympathy for a woman with personality and heavy feelings for Lvzhu's tragic fate. "The Temple of Lady Peach Blossom" also praised Lvzhu and blamed Lady Xi according to such requirements: "So far, I have died, poor people in Jingu!"
The common writing methods of hanging on the past are either to express one's mind directly, or to express one's feelings first. Every sentence of this poem is description, and every sentence contains discussion: the first sentence is "San", the second sentence is "Zi", the third sentence is "resentment", and the fourth sentence is "Jude". This kind of description is more appealing than direct lyric, and it can be said that it is new to avoid familiarity, because it is difficult to see it. Generally speaking, the emotional clues of hanging ancient works are single. There are two emotional clues in this poem: one is to compare the prosperity of the past with the desolation of today, and to pursue the past and care for the present, and the word "San" is the hub of this clue; One is to compare the ruthlessness of things with human feelings, and "falling off the building" is the conclusion of this clue. In this way, the beginning and the end are interlocked, and the connotation of the whole poem is richer. Hanging on to the past is to cherish the present. Only by combining the poet's time and life experience can readers vaguely feel that this poem is dissatisfied with the extravagant life of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty and regrets that they are not talented.
the sentence is unexpected and wonderful, and it is endless. (Song Gule's Selected Poems from Ten Thousand Poems of the Tang Dynasty)
The first three sentences are full of feelings, all of which contain thoughts of mourning and desolation. The four sentences use flowers as a metaphor for people, and "falling flowers" as a metaphor for "falling people", which hurts the spring and feels the past, that is, things are prosperous, and people are flowers, which combines into a fascinating realm. (Yu Biyun's "A Brief Introduction to Poetry")