Qu Yuan's Reading Comprehension of Shejiang

Regarding the theme of the article "Involved in the River", Wang Yi's "Chu Zhang Ci Sentence" said: "This chapter says that I admire the extraordinary, resist ambition, and people who know nothing about the country drift across the river, sighing that villains are in power and gentlemen are killed." Wang Yuan's Collection of Songs of the South said: "This article is noble in its own meaning and laments the troubled times, but I don't know." You want to go to Xiangyuan, Woods and mountains. You are willing to be miserable all your life, but you can't change your mind to follow the crowd. Therefore, in the name of "wading in the river", it is said that it is going to the river and go far away. "These two opinions accurately sum up the theme of this article, and scholars will explain the theme of this article in the future. There are four opinions about the writing time of this article: one is written in the period of Chu Huaiwang, and this opinion is represented by Wang Ji. Wang Ji's Collection of Songs of the South thinks that this article "masturbates with the ancients at the end, and the words are harmonious, concise and clean, and there is no mention of the resentment of the people who killed you." Compared with Xi Yong, this is a temporary work. The second statement was written in the early years of King Xiang of Chu, for example, Lin Yunming's Songs of Chu was written in the second year of King Xiang of Chu (297 BC). Dai Zhen's "Qu Zhu" also said: "At this point, I was slandered again, so I helped Jiangnan to return to the place where I was driven away. Gai Qingxiang moved back to Jiangnan. " The third opinion was written in exile, about nine years ago. For example, Jiang Ji's Notes on Songs of Chu in Mountain Pavilion says that "wading into the river" and "mourning" are all written in Jiangnan, but "mourning" is written in Lingyang from west to east. Shejiang entered Xupu from Ezhu, and from northeast to southwest. After Lingyang was released, it said, "On the throne, Lingyang should be released. ..... I have lived in Lingyang for nine years, writing about mourning, and now I have entered Chen Yu from Lingyang and worked as a Shejiang. " The fourth opinion is that this is his work before his death. For example, Guo Moruo's Research on Qu Yuan holds that in the 21st year of Wang Xiang, Qu Yuan was driven to the south of the Yangtze River, and he "wrote several articles such as Shejiang, Huai Sha and Nostalgia, and finally sank". Among the above theories, it is not advisable for Wang Yuan to write in the era of Chu Huaiwang, because his writing is actually not harmonious, and the scene after exile is very obvious. Among the works written during the reign of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, Jiang Ji's theory is preferable, because judging from the conception of the whole article, Qu Yuan was completely disappointed with the King of Chu at this time, which is different from other middle-aged works such as Li Sao. Although the exact date remains to be discussed, it can be roughly regarded as Qu Yuan's works in his later years after he was exiled to Jiangnan for many years. The whole article is generally divided into five paragraphs. From the beginning to the first paragraph, I described the contradiction between my lofty ideal and reality, and clarified the basic reasons for my long-distance travel. "Strange clothes", "long hairpin", "cutting clouds", "bright moon" and "Baolu" are all used to symbolize my noble character and talent. Jiang Ji said, "It is different from the world." Since his exile, Qu Yuan has been getting older and older, but he has never given up his efforts for the progress of Chu. Zhu said: "Climbing Kunlun Mountain is the height of words; Eat Yu Ying, the words are clean. " He insisted on reform, hoping that Chu's powerful thought would never be weakened and would not be discouraged by being hit and exiled. But he felt strangely lonely in his heart. "Things are cloudy, but I don't quite understand" and "I don't quite understand", but my lofty ideals and integrity are not understood by the world, which really makes people feel sad. So I decided to cross the river. The first paragraph: self-image: strange clothes-traveling far away, cutting clouds, being, being, Pei: Mount, companion, location: driving clear autumn, Bai Chi, Zhonghua, climbing Kunlun Mountain. Reasons for wading across the river: mourning ... thanks to Jiang Xiang's mental journey from "looking back on riding in Ezhu" to "why not go far". The second paragraph describes his experiences and feelings along the way. The sentence "Take the Hubei Bamboo" said that I boarded the Hubei Bamboo in the west of Wuchang today, and I couldn't help looking back at the road I had walked, so I trotted Ma Zaishan up until Fang Lin (also on the north bank of the Yangtze River today) stopped the car. "Boating" said that he was sailing on the Yuanjiang River, and the ship was struggling against the current and whirlpool. Although the boatman Qi Xin and Qi Xin worked together to paddle the water, the boat still stagnated and it was difficult to move forward. Isn't this like the poet's own situation? Four sentences, "Abolishing patents in the morning", followed by my own itinerary, starting from abolishing patents in the morning and going to Chenyang in the evening, a whole day's itinerary. The farther the journey goes, the firmer the author's mind becomes. He firmly believes that his ambition is correct, loyal and selfless. At the same time, I firmly believe that no matter how hard it is, it will not be sad. The second paragraph: mode: take Ezhu ... steps ... building ... take Shangyuan ... ship capacity and ... flood backwater ... take a morning trip ... spend the night ... even though ... the word "entering Pu Shu" has changed from "entering Xupu, lingering" to "solid sadness". Xupu is in the mountains of the morning sun. That's where apes live, not where people should go, because deep in the forest, hazel trees are dense. The four sentences of "high mountains and steep slopes" are written in the deep mountains, filled with clouds and connected with heaven and earth, further depicting the deep and sparsely populated scenery of the western hills of Yuan Dynasty. This is an exaggerated description of the exile's environment and a metaphor of your political environment, paving the way for the next four sentences. "I am sad that I am unhappy in my life" means that I am not happy in such a political environment and living environment. However, this is the fact. I will never change my original political ideals and living habits, and I will never go along with the dark forces and compromise and defect. The third paragraph: the scenery and mood of the exiles (scene blending): entering Xupu ... fascinating ... forests ... these mountains are steep and high ... the sky is dark ... the snow is heavy ... clouds ... from "meeting you" to "being in a coma for a lifetime" is the fourth paragraph, and I have come into contact with some loyal people in history from my own experience. Anta was a hermit of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, "Chu Kuang Anta" in The Analects of Confucius, contemporary with Confucius. The Analects of Confucius said: "Chu Kuang sang a song, and Confucius said,' Wind Xi, wind Xi! The decline of He De!' "The Warring States Policy Qin San" said: "Attached to it, painting its body and making great efforts to govern, it is crazy." In ancient times, nodding one's head and shaving one's head was a punishment, and being forced to pretend to be crazy and sell stupidity was a sign of resolute non-cooperation with the rulers. Hu Sang was also an ancient hermit, namely, the son of Sangbozi in The Analects of Confucius and the son of Hu Sang in Zhuangzi. Confucius' Family Talk said that he was "in rags", which was also an act of cynicism and non-cooperation with the rulers. Woods, that is, Wu Zixu, was a sage of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, listened to the slanderers of his uncle (pǐ) and forced Wu Yuan to commit suicide. Bi Gan, Yin's uncle (said to be an ordinary brother). Legend has it that Zhou Wang was dissolute, ignored state affairs, and was stronger than remonstrance, while Zhou Wang gave up his heart and died. The word "strong" in the poem expresses the cruelty of his punishment. The six sentences in Jieyu illustrate a point through four examples of two different types: Jieyu and Hu Sang were passive and uncooperative, and the result was abandoned by the times; Wu Yuan and Bi Gan want to save the country and change the reality, but they are inevitably killed, so the conclusion is that "loyalty is not needed, and sages are not needed". "This is the nature of past lives" said that I know all wise men are like this, so why should I blame people today! It shows that you will continue on the right path without hesitation, and this will inevitably encounter darkness, and you must be prepared to struggle in the darkness for life. The fourth paragraph: attack the darkness to express my heart: I am very sad ... I can't change my mind and follow the world, but I will be sad and eventually become poor ... I will be close to you ... I will be loyal ... I will become virtuous ... I will become a teacher ... I will be angry with others today ... I will be in a coma for life. Chaos of the Moon is the fifth paragraph below. Criticize the political darkness of Chu, and only when the wicked are in power can people be persecuted. The phrase "Love birds and phoenix emperors" is used to describe that wise men stay away from them, while villains stay away from them secretly. Phoenix is a legendary bird, which is compared to a wise man here. Swallows and blackbirds are used to describe villains. The four sentences in Shen Lu Xin Yi reveal that Shen Xinyi and other vanilla incense wood died in the jungle. The "stench" is a metaphor for evil people, but the loyal people are shut out. The four sentences of "yin-yang translocation" point out the change of the position of yin and yang in society. Everything is upside down. He is not at the right time. It goes without saying that on the one hand, he has a firm belief, on the other hand, he feels depressed and confused. Since the dirty environment won't last long, he will leave here and go far away. The fifth paragraph: Conclusion: Mr. Meiniao's comment on Qu Yuan's Fu said: "This chapter says that it is too wasteful for me to cross the river from Lingyang to Dongting. It originated from several rivers, so it is called" She River "... The meaning is very clear and the path is particularly clear." This passage describing the scenery of the Yuanshui River Basin has become the earliest excellent travel poem in China, which has had an impact on the creation of similar poems in later generations. The organic combination of scenery description and emotional expression in the poem has reached a perfect state. In the second paragraph of the poem, through the description of the itinerary, scenery, seasons and climate, and the expression of the poet's mind and thoughts, we seem to see the image of an old poet who has been through many vicissitudes and is lonely and helpless, and we also seem to see a boat struggling in a torrent vortex. The mood of chasing ministers on board is the same as this boat, and we have endless feelings. In the third paragraph of the poem, the description of the deep forest after entering Xupu highlights the poet's loneliness and grief, and also makes readers lament. The use of symbolism in this metaphor is also very skillful. At the beginning of the poem, the poet used symbolism, expressing his ambition by wearing strange clothes, wearing spears, cutting clouds, the bright moon in the sky and wearing treasures, and symbolizing his lofty ambition by driving a young man to Bai Chi, visiting the Jade Garden and eating jade and English. The last paragraph uses phoenix, phoenix and vanilla to symbolize integrity and nobility; The metaphor of birds and blackbirds for evil forces and stench for dirty politics fully expresses the poet's deep feelings about the current society. Sentence understanding:? Flexible use of words: crown, light, nest, host (name is used to move) Qi, Yuan (shape is used to move) Bu, Di, Yi (moving around) Ai (moving) Zhong, Xian (shape is named) Dan and Ri (name is written) What are the sentence characteristics? Cui Wei, who keeps long hair clips and cuts clouds far away from the land? Things are confusing, but I know nothing. Don't know anything about Nanyi's funeral? There is no need to be loyal to others, nor to compare yourself with others (passive sentence)