20 14 appreciation of Guangdong college entrance examination poems

Key points 1 The language of poetry Appreciate the beauty of diction and sentence making in poetry from the following angles: 1, what does this word or word mean; 2. Whether it constitutes a grammatical phenomenon, such as inverted sentences, flexible use, allusions, etc. 3. What rhetorical devices are used; 4. What kind of artistic conception is expressed; 5. What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed; 6. Is there a beautiful rhyme? There are several angles to appreciate the beauty of poetry sentence-making: 1, what kind of scene is depicted; 2. What emotions did the poet express? 3. What methods have you used? 4. What kind of benefits are involved? Typical example 1 Read the following poem and complete the test. At sunset in Huazigang, the wind dispersed and the grass was exposed at home. Clouds and light winds invade shoes lightly, while mountains and clear waters brush people. Please talk about the beauty of the words "invasion" and "stroke". A: The word "invasion" describes the process that the afterglow of the sunset gradually fades away, and the vivid scene of the poet going down the mountain step by step at sunset in Xixia. The personification of the words "invasion" and "stroke" enhances the sense of movement, reminds people of lovely and soft mountains, shows the poet's nostalgia for Guang Yun, and reflects the poet's love and nostalgia for Huazigang. Example 2 Read the following words and answer the following questions. More leakage jade furnace incense, red wax tears, partial according to painting hall Qiu Si. The eyebrows are thin, the eyes are thin, the clouds are residual, and the night is long and the pillow is cold. Buttonwood tree, it is raining in the middle of the night, and the hobby that never leaves is bitter. Night after night, one after another, empty steps fall into the light. What do you mean by "buttonwood, it rains in the middle of the night, and it's so bitter to leave your feelings without saying a word"? What are the characteristics of lyricism? A: It's the cold rain in the middle of the night in autumn, dripping on the buttonwood. Who can understand this parting? Pointed out the connotation of this word. This sentence describes what people have heard, blends feelings into the scenery and integrates the scene. Continuous autumn rain until dawn, such as the departure of the protagonist. "Bitterness" is the true taste of the ambiguous way of leaving love, and it is the eye of the whole word. Point 2 To appreciate the expressive skills of poetry, we should master the rhetorical devices, expressive methods, expressive techniques and artistic conception skills commonly used in poetry. Rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, contrast, exaggeration, duality, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, repetition and intertextuality. 2. Performance: narration, discussion, lyricism and description. The focus of the examination is lyric (direct lyric, indirect lyric-borrowing scenery to express emotion, blending scenes, expressing meaning with things, etc.). ) and description (front, side, details, dynamic and static description). 3. Expression techniques: contrast, contrast, rendering, contrast, allusions, bedding, symbol, combination of dynamic and static, combination of reality and reality, lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by borrowing ancient times, irony by borrowing ancient times, expressing feelings by holding things and expressing feelings by music. Typical example 1 Read the following poem and answer the questions after it. This body was found in the snow forest in Bai Mei, which is different from Taoli. Suddenly, the fragrance of the night was scattered like a dry spring in Wan Li. (1) What is the main image created by the author in this poem? What are its characteristics? (2) What writing techniques does the author mainly use? What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed? A: (1) The main image created by the author is plum blossom, which highlights its characteristics of cold resistance, lofty and spring. (2) Mainly use the methods of foil (foil the perseverance of plums with ice and snow) and contrast (show the nobleness of plums with the contrast of peaches and plums) to express the poet's thoughts and feelings of adhering to ideal ethics and not colluding with the secular. Typical example 2 Read the following poem and answer the questions. During the rainstorm in Meitang, there was thunder under the feet of tourists, and the dense clouds could not turn away. The black wind outside the sky blew the sea, gradually flew eastward, and it rained over Jiang Lai. It's very golden and convex, and a thousand sticks beat the drums to urge it. Arouse the fairy spring to sprinkle the noodles, and the shark room will flow peacefully. What means of expression are used in this poem to express the theme of "the storm"? A: The author uses side contrast, metaphor, exaggeration, association and imagination to express the theme of "the storm". The first three sentences describe the scene of rainstorm from the aspects of hearing, touch and vision. The fourth sentence says that it rains cats and dogs and flies across the river, which is extremely powerful. Five or six sentences use metaphors to compare the West Lake water after the rain to a cup full of wine, which is about to overflow, and compare the rain to the drums, which is extremely violent. The last two sentences give full play to association and imagination, from the rainstorm in front of us to Li Bai's Sprinkling Noodles in Spring, which is rich and strange. The third point: analyze the image of poetry. The image of poetry includes two aspects: the image of characters and the image of scenery. The common characters created by poetry are: bold and free-spirited images (such as Li Bai's "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " It shows Li Bai's thought of being indifferent to wealth and despising sages, and also shows Li Bai's arrogant, bold and conceited character); The image of worrying about the country and the people is full of tears (for example, Du Fu's "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and all the poor people in the world are happy ... My family is freezing to death." The poet not only stays in personal sorrow, but also pushes himself and others, which shows the spirit of worrying about the country and the people. The image of seclusion in the countryside and love for mountains and rivers (such as Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan ... There is truth in it, and I want to argue and forget my words" is a leisurely seclusion life, which shows the poet's thought of being poor and happy); Cherish the image of talents (for example, Gong Zizhen's "I urge the gods to recover, not stick to one pattern and drop talents", which expresses the desire for talents between the lines); Be immersed in love with children (for example, Li Shangyin's "Time was long before I met her, and time was longer after we parted, and the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed". Silkworms in spring weave until they die, and when the torch turns to ashes, tears begin to dry. "The poet wrote about the infinite sadness at the beginning of parting with the woman he loved in late spring and the endless lovesickness after parting, expressing praise for faithful love) and so on. There are generally three ways to arrange the images of a poetic scene: 1, a group of images. This kind of poetry often absorbs a group of natural images and forms a harmonious and unified picture of natural life. This painting conveys an atmosphere or sentiment, or the carrier of the lyric subject's personal feelings. This group of images is endowed with profound poetic connotation and constitutes image group. And then constantly strengthen the emotional experience of the lyric subject. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si depicts a bleak and bleak Qiu Jingtu through a set of images, which strengthens the poet's lonely and miserable homesickness. 2, a central image This kind of poetry often uses metaphorical symbols or artistic techniques to express the will, focusing on depicting a central image with pen and ink. This image can be human or personified. It not only embodies the particularity of objective images, but also conveys the essence of images, and expresses the subjective feelings of lyric subjects. It is not only the symbol of ideal personality, but also the direct embodiment of lyric subject. For example, Lu You's "Bu Operator" symbolizes the poet's precious personality by describing the situation and outstanding character of plum blossom storm, even if it is shattered, it will never change. 3. Narrative fragments and life scenes become images. This kind of poetry expresses the infinite feelings or subtle psychology of the lyric subject through specific life fragments and detailed scenes. Even if there are individual objective images, it is only the background for the lyric subject. For example, Xin Qiji's "Green Ping Yan Xiao" reflects the author's peaceful state of mind and quiet and leisurely pastoral life through the narration of "the older child hoes beans, the middle child weaves chicken cages and the child lies on the lotus", leaving a lot of imagination for readers. Typical example 1 Read the following words and answer the following questions. Magpie bridge fairy heard cuckoo's thatched eaves at night, the windows were bright and dark, and the Spring Festival Evening was stormy. The warbler's nest swallows are always silent, but they often cry Du Yu on a moonlit night. I shed tears in a hurry, dreaming, and picked up the deep branches to fly away. Hometown wanderer, wandering for half a life. (1) What does the word "Mao Yan is lonely" describe? What's the role? (2) What is the phrase "Lin Ying's nest is always silent, but Du Yu often cries on a moonlit night"? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression? A: (1) These three sentences describe the quiet, gloomy and sad scene of the Spring Festival Evening. Its function is to pave the way for Du Fu's appearance, and also to express the poet's later wandering life experience and desolate mood. (2) The advantage of operational comparison method is that "quietness" is used to set off the loneliness and sadness of cuckoo crying. " "Often silent" sets off "often crying", and crying leads to the next sentence "urging clear tears", which embodies the word "loneliness". Typical example 2 Read the following Song lyrics and complete the test. The fisherman is proud to be in a different scene, and Hengyang geese pay attention to things. In all directions, the sound starts from the alley, and in thousands of obstacles, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Qiang tube covered with frost, people do not sleep. The general was white-haired and in tears. Try to briefly describe the scenery characteristics written in the sentence "A long smoke sets a lonely city". A: A three-dimensional picture of Qiu Jingtu is composed of "thousands of obstacles", "long smoke", "sunset" and "lonely city", showing an open and desolate temperament. Fourth point: Before commenting on the ideological content and the author's attitude, you must know the following basic knowledge: 1. Understanding the author's life, thoughts and creative style is helpful to understand and grasp the content of the work; 2. Pay attention to the topic, notes and preface, and understand the age, creation reasons and background; 3. With the help of the image, artistic conception, style and genre of poetry, we can understand and grasp the poet's views and attitudes by using implicit sentences or allusions. Problem-solving format: what kind of expression (or rhetorical method or expression technique) is used, what characteristics of which image is written, what kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed or highlighted, and what kind of role is played. Typical example 1 Read the following poem and complete the test. Send Zheng Shaofu into Liao, and * * * give the knight-errant a warning at Rongbian, and the knight-errant will do mulberry work. Willow leaves open silver dysprosium, peach blossoms shine on jade saddles. The full moon is near the bow, and even the stars enter the sword. If you don't learn from yan dan, empty songs are easy to catch a cold. Note Zheng Shaofu, Luo Zhiyou. During the reign of Emperor Xianqing in Tang Gaozong, the Khitan and other aristocratic groups plundered and invaded the border many times, and the war in Liaoyang in Northeast China continued. It was at this time that Zheng Shaofu joined the army in the frontier. Luo wrote this poem to see him off. (1) Who is the hero of this poem? What are his characteristics? How does the author describe this image? (2) There are inverted sentences in the poem. Find them out and talk about their functions. A: (1) The hero in the poem is a chivalrous man. By using the method of character description, it is written that the chivalrous man is superb in martial arts, resolute and courageous, patriotic and enthusiastic, brave in struggle and sacrifice. For example, the image of a chivalrous man is set off by writing a bow on horseback, and the last sentence uses the allusion of "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin" to write his patriotic enthusiasm and sacrifice spirit. (2) "The willow leaves open the silver dysprosium" is an inverted sentence, which should mean "the silver dysprosium opens the willow leaves", which means that the silver arrow shoots through the willow leaves, and describes the chivalrous sword as having no wig and extraordinary skill. Example 2 Read the following poem and complete the test. Zhaojun complains that spring can't come and flowers can't come, and Tao comes to smell different. There are oblique branches outside the bamboo, wild. Cold bamboo huts, rich and jade pavilions. The two places are planted differently and are generally open. What is the ode to the word (1)? From what aspects is it written? (2) What idea does this poem express? A: (1) Mei. The first two sentences are metaphors, not to expose "plum" in a positive way, but to compare it from the aspects of flowering period, color and fragrance of flowers: it is a flower, and spring has not yet arrived; It says it's snow, but it smells amazing. The former implies that it blooms in the twelfth lunar month, while the latter indicates that its color is white, needless to say, it is beautiful. (2) By means of comparison, it is clearly written that plum blossoms are "generally open" regardless of the environment, and secretly praised their noble qualities of being poor and determined, rich and not lewd.