High school Chinese grammar knowledge quiz 1. High school Chinese grammar knowledge
1. My tears (subject) are about to flow (adverbial) (predicate) (complement).
2.Can (conjunction, adverbial) I (subject), always (adverbial) or miss (predicate) That (attribute) mustard (object) grows in the wild. From a distance (adverbial), I saw (predicate) the shining national emblem (attribute) (object) embedded at the top of the main entrance.
Speaking of this (adverbial), we both (subject) (adverbial) stood up (predicate) (complement) in unison. The key (subject) (predicate) on the school door is at the teacher's house (prepositional phrase as complement).
She didn't teach me (predicate) (object) until I woke up the next morning. 7. I (subject) threw a new doll (adverbial) (predicate) to pieces (complement).
8. If there is a floor (verb-object phrase as the subject), it is often inevitable to knock (adverbial) (predicate) to the sky (complement).
2. Middle school Chinese grammar knowledge
2. Complex sentence, a sentence consisting of two or more clauses.
Including: (1) a repeated sentence with only two clauses. There are eight main types: (1. Coordinate compound sentences, where two or more clauses state several things, or several things, or several aspects of one thing, respectively, and the clauses are parallel and opposite.
The main related words are: both ... and ... Similarly, neither ... but ... yes ...no. At the same time, on the one hand ... sometimes ... some ... it needs neither fertilization nor irrigation.
Let's not talk, but act. There are seven steps from door to window and seven steps from window to door.
(2) Take a complex sentence, two or more clauses, and describe the continuous action or several things that happen in succession one after another. There is an order between clauses.
Commonly used related words are: gang, then, then, then, first (at first) ... then ... therefore. They walked hand in hand through the Woods, over the hillside and back to the hut.
They first asked me about my personal situation, and then asked some questions about the revolutionary situation and the enemy movements in Zhentou City. (3) After dinner, Lao Qin and Fu Xiao went to the fields to play millet.
(3) Progressive complex sentences, the meaning of the latter clause is one level higher than the previous clause, and the clauses are hierarchical. Commonly used related words are: not only (not only, not only, not only) ... but also (still, still) ... not to mention (not to mention, still) ....
This kind of bridge is not only beautiful in appearance, but also firm in structure. ② The design of the bridge completely conforms to the principle, and the technical bottleneck of construction is ingenious.
(3) A timid person like him is not afraid. What am I afraid of? (4) Choose a compound sentence, two or more clauses, say two or more things respectively, and indicate the choice of one or more. There is a selective relationship between clauses.
The commonly used related words are: not ... than ..., not ..., or ... or ..., not ... but ..., or ... or ..., maybe ..., maybe ... As a man with backbone, he stands dead.
We would rather be criticized than cheated with our conscience! Song Wu had no choice but to kill the tiger or be eaten by it. (5) turning complex sentences, the meaning of the last clause is not to follow the meaning of the previous clause, but to make a turning point and say the opposite, relative or partially opposite meaning to the previous clause.
There is a turning relationship between clauses. Commonly used related words are: although (though, though) ... but (but, but, still) ... but, but, but, just, but, actually.
He is young, but he has great courage. Although I knew it was leap soil at first sight, it was not leap soil in my memory.
We tried to reason with him, but he wouldn't listen to a word. (6) Hypothetical complex sentence, the former clause assumes the existence or occurrence of a certain situation, and the latter clause states the result once the hypothetical situation is realized.
Between the two clauses is the hypothetical relationship between conditions and results. Common conjunctions are: if (if, if, if, if, if, if, if, if, if) ... then (then, then, then) ... even (even, even, even) ... and (still, still) ... again.
If old Wang Can doesn't go, let me go. Even if the sky falls, we must continue to finish it.
If anyone wants to appreciate the gardens in China, Suzhou Gardens can't be missed. (7) Causal complex sentences, in which the former sentence explains the reason and the latter sentence tells the result, can be divided into explaining the cause and effect and inferring the cause and effect.
Explain the cause and effect. One clause explains the reason, and the other clause explains the result produced by this reason. Cause and effect are objective facts. Commonly used related words are: because (because) ... so (then) ... because ... so, so, so, why ... because. ...
Inference causality One clause puts forward a basis or premise, and the latter clause deduces a conclusion, which is subjective and not necessarily true. Commonly used related words are: self (self) ... just (then, then, why) ...
We advocate active ideological struggle, because it is a weapon to unite the party and revolutionary groups and make it conducive to fighting. (2) Since brother and sister-in-law threw him away like spilled water, why was he reluctant to go? Several rooms have moved away, so it's quiet.
Because of illness, he failed the physical examination twice and had to step into the threshold of cram school for the second time. (8) Conditional complex sentence, the former clause puts forward a condition, and the latter clause explains the results that will be produced once this condition is realized, which are divided into three types: sufficient, necessary and complete.
Common conjunctions are: as long as … is …, only … unless … is (not) …, regardless of (it doesn't matter) …. As long as the clothes are clean and tidy, the simpler the better.
Only with the courage of "knowing that there are tigers in the mountains and leaning towards the tiger mountain" can we strut on the road to success. Unless we make preparations in advance, this operation has no chance of success.
Regardless of whether the personnel are neat or not, we must rush to the position. (9) Explain complex sentences, in which one clause explains a situation and the other clauses explain, illustrate or summarize this situation.
Generally, related words are not commonly used. Spinning has several postures: you can sit on a futon, sit on a low stool, or stand on a spinning wheel with a high cushion.
② One is dogmatism, the other is empiricism, and both are subjectivism. (10. purpose complex sentence, one clause means to achieve or avoid a certain purpose, and the other clause means to take action for it.
Commonly used related words are: for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, to avoid, avoid and save. I eat snow here only for the people of our motherland not to eat snow.
② During this period, the school janitor should inspect the campus facilities to avoid safety accidents. Think carefully before you answer the question, so as not to revise it later.
(2) Multiple complex sentences.
3. What are the main knowledge points of Chinese grammar in senior high school? I mainly use them.
A modifier phrase is a phrase composed of modifiers and headwords, and there is a relationship between modifiers and modifiers.
Verbs, nouns, adjectives and phrases preceded by modifiers. The modifier before a noun is an attribute.
The modifier before the verb adjective is an adverbial. The relationship between attributive adverbial and head language is on the right side.
(1) Fixed phrases Fixed phrases, also called "partial word phrases", are partial phrases with grammatical functions equivalent to partial word phrases. The modifier of an attributive phrase is an attribute, and the head word is usually part of speech. Attribute describes or restricts the head word from the aspects of possession, scope, material, form, nature, quantity, use, time and place.
For example: fat master; This home; Grammatical analysis; Wild animals; Magnificent mountains and rivers; A new school building with a desk; Paleontologists; Use old bicycles; The determination to go forward is cloudy in the evening; A deadpan look; A young man with a beard; Smart old Wang Can divided neutral phrases into attached neutral phrases and combined neutral phrases according to whether the structural auxiliary word "de" was added. The center of attributive phrases is generally part of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, numerals, attributive phrases, part-of-speech joint phrases and so on.
Predicate elements can sometimes serve as the head words, such as "economic revitalization", "intellectual development", "frame constraints" and "full of resentment". Attributive elements are flexible, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, prepositional phrases and so on.
(2) Phrasal Chinese phrases, also called "predicate phrases", are phrases whose grammatical functions are equivalent to predicates. Formally, the modifier of a phrase is an adverbial, and the predicate component is generally the head.
Sometimes "ground" is used between adverbial and head. For example: excellent, about three feet wide, thoroughly understand the train, resolutely support whispering, angrily say warm welcome to low-altitude flight, carefully check and publicly apologize, carefully design large-scale promotion, unshaven and stuttering. The center of a phrase is usually a predicate component, such as verbs, adjectives, predicate-object phrases and so on.
Sometimes quantifiers or quantifier phrases, or even definite phrases, can also serve as head words, such as: exactly five words and two dollars (1) attributive+head word (name, generation), such as: (motherland) Camellia's pace (forward) (2) adverbial+head word (verb, shape), such as "land". In other words, the word "de" is followed by nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Nowadays, many people use the word "de" uniformly, and the expression of meaning will not be affected, but it is grammatically incorrect. If you add "De" or "Di" after "Pian" and "Zheng", if Tong Tong is a phrase of Pian Zheng.
Like a black sports car, the one with "de" in the middle is a black sports car, which means that the black sports car is a radical phrase.
4. Ask for grammar knowledge, which is a compulsory course in senior high school Chinese.
There is no clear requirement for high school grammar, but there are always sick sentences and special sentence patterns in classical Chinese. According to the needs, we can only provide the following knowledge: 1. Part-of-speech words are divided into content words and function words.
(1) notional words: express the true meaning, can be used as a component of a phrase or sentence, and can generally be independently made into a sentence. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns.
(2) Function words: Generally speaking, they do not express true meaning, and their basic purpose is to express grammatical relations. Function words include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and onomatopoeia.
(1) notional words 1. Noun: the names of people and things. (1) Names of people and things, such as students, books, melons, vegetables and computers; (2) Time nouns, such as morning, evening, morning and early morning; (3) Orientation nouns, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, middle and early. For example, Yunnan, Shanghai and Li Bai (5) The names of abstract things are called abstract nouns, such as category, concept, quality, morality, friendship and methods (6) The names of places are called place nouns, such as walls and bookstores. 2. Verb: the action, behavior, development and change of people or things.
(1) indicates actions and behaviors, such as coming, going, talking, walking, running, learning, jumping, reviewing and understanding; (2) represents development and change, such as change and growth; (3) indicating existence, such as existence, absence and existence; (4) indicates existence. Such as: love, think, like, value, pay attention to, respect, understand, believe, admire, miss (8) can, willing, called willing verbs, such as: can, will, want, should, dare, can, should, willing, can, must 3. Adjective: (1) indicates the exact number, such as 1, 10, 1 100 million, and half (2) indicates the divisor, such as: several, several and tens of thousands (3) indicates the ordinal number, such as: 1. Laojiu (4 Quantifier: means person, 70% 5.
(1) indicates the quantity of things, such as pieces, pieces, branches, inches and tons (2) indicates the momentum, such as times, times, times and fields. 6. Pronouns: words used as substitutes or indicators. (1) denotes personal pronouns, such as I, you, him, her, it, us, you, them, ourselves and others (2) denotes demonstrative pronouns, such as: this, that, this, that, here, there (3) denotes interrogative pronouns, such as:
(1) indicates degree, such as: very, extremely, most, too, more, slightly, quite, very (2) indicates time, such as: already, just, just, often, once, soon, immediately (3) indicates range, such as: all, all, total. For example, don't, don't, don't, don't, don't (7) express modality and way, such as: just right, suddenly, personally, as if, hurry (8) repeat, such as: again, return, especially (9) express place, such as: everywhere, everywhere. 2. Preposition: used before nouns (or phrases) and pronouns to form object-object phrases, indicating direction, place, way, time, object and comparison, as attributes, adverbials and complements.
(1) Introduce the direction and place, such as: from, from, toward, at, at (2) Introduce the ways and methods, such as: press, press, press, press (3) Introduce the time, such as: from, from, at, when (4). He works late at school (verb) (preposition); He arrived (verb) and told me a story (preposition); You give him the book (verb), and he is worse than you (preposition); They compare (verb) 3. Conjunction: a conjunction, phrase, sentence, indicating a certain relationship. (1) table juxtaposition, such as: and, with, and, and (2) table progression, such as: and, and, in addition, not only (3) table selection, such as: or, or (4) table transition, such as: although, although, and. For example, as long as, only, unless, no matter, no matter, no matter, no matter what, no matter what (7) means cause and effect, for example, because, since, therefore, and then (8) means choice, for example, it is better to pay attention to it than to it: the difference between conjunctions and prepositions: harmony, identity, follow, for example, you and he both have it. You will discuss with him tomorrow (preposition) to vigorously develop science and art (conjunction); This matter has nothing to do with him. Auxiliary word: Attached to a word or phrase or sentence, indicating a certain structural relationship or additional meaning or tone.
(1) structural auxiliary words, such as: de, di, de, suo and similarity (2) dynamic auxiliary words, such as this, le and guo (3) modal auxiliary words, such as: ah, mo, you, ba, na, ya, mo and wow. 5. exclamation: express exclamation. (1) expresses exclamation, such as: ah, ah, ah, wow (2) expresses greeting and response, such as: hello, ah, oh. 6. Onomatopoeia: This is a word that imitates sound.
Such as: woo, rush, bang, knock, whisper, shout. 2. Phrases (phrases) refer to the language unit words that are synthesized by words and phrases. 1. coordinate phrase: it is composed of two or more nouns, verbs or adjectives in parallel, and words are combined equally, regardless of weight.
(Coordinate relationship) For example, the great achievements in the investigation and study of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are glorious and arduous, and the provinces, districts and counties deserve it. 2. Some phrases: nouns, verbs or adjectives are used to modify and limit them.
5. Seek some basic knowledge of Chinese grammar.
The sentence component 1, the subject is the object of the predicate sentence, which means "who" or "what".
For example, (1) China people have high aspirations. (2) Improving the scientific and cultural level of the whole Chinese nation is a life-and-death undertaking for hundreds of millions of people.
Note: (1) nouns, pronouns, quantitative phrases, joint phrases and "de" structural phrases are often used as subjects. (2) Verb-object phrases, subject-predicate phrases, radical phrases, verbs and adjectives can also be used as subjects.
2. Predicate is the statement of the subject, explaining what the subject is or what it is like. For example, (1) the dark clouds suddenly dispersed.
(2) The leaves are yellow. Xiao Wang is sixteen years old.
(4) Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China. Tomorrow is Sunday.
He reads all kinds of books. Note: (1) verbs, adjectives and their combined phrases, nouns, quantitative phrases and subject-predicate phrases are often used as predicates.
(2) The verb "yes" indicating judgment and the nouns and pronouns that follow it constitute a verb-object phrase as the predicate. (3) Nouns as subjects are limited to stating dates, weather, etc.
3. Object The object is behind the verb, indicating the person or thing involved in the action and behavior, and answering questions such as "who" and "what". For example: (1) What is information? (2) A crowd of spectators surrounded the door.
(3) Marx believes that knowledge is a means to fight and serve the cause of proletarian liberation. Note: Words and phrases that can be used as subjects can generally be used as objects.
The most common are nouns or noun phrases. 4. Attributive is a joint component before nouns, which is used to modify and restrict nouns, indicating nature, state, quantity, attribution, etc. Of a person or thing.
(fixed)+name for example, (1) that (heavy) rice is like a ridge of (all yellow) pearls. (2) (3 cups) relatives of Mei Shajing.
(3) There are (blood red) Zhu Bao Camellia and (single petal) Plum Blossom in Xueyuan. (4) The history of China has its own characteristics.
Note: In addition to adverbs, notional words and phrases can generally be used as attributes.
6. Difficulties in Chinese grammar in senior high school
Hello! This is a message from our teacher. Notional words/whole words/notional words
Content words are words that can act as sentence components independently, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, adverbs, pronouns and onomatopoeias; Function words are words that cannot be used as sentence components alone, including prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and modal particles.
First, the classification of notional words
(1) noun
1. Definition: Nouns are words that express people, things, time, place or position.
2. Classification: common nouns, * * * nouns, abstract nouns, proper nouns, time nouns and place nouns.
3. Grammatical features: (1) nouns can be preceded by quantitative phrases indicating the number of things to modify restrictions. (2) Generally, it is not modified by adverbs (such as "bu" and "hen"), and two situations can form a "adverb+noun" structure: in the form of duality or conjunction; Sentences expressing change and development. (3) It is often used as subject, object and attribute. (4) generally can't overlap.
4. Features of subclasses: (1) Common nouns, * * * nouns and abstract nouns use different quantifiers. (2) Generally, quantifiers cannot be added before proper nouns. (3) Time nouns can also be used as adverbials. (4) The locative nouns can be used alone or form locative phrases.
(2) Verbs
1. Definition: Verbs are words that express actions, behaviors, psychological activities, changes, existence and disappearance.
2. Classification: common verbs, psychological verbs, existential verbs, judgment verbs, auxiliary verbs, directional verbs and imperative verbs.
3. Grammatical features: (1) can be modified by adverbs, but it cannot be modified by degree adverbs (such as "hen") except psychological verbs and auxiliary verbs. (2) You can take the dynamic auxiliary word "zhe, le, guo". (3) Always be the predicate or the predicate center. (4) Some verbs can overlap in the form of AA or ABAB.
4. Features of subclasses: (1) Common verbs can be divided into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. (2) Psychological verbs can be modified by adverbs of degree and can take predicate objects. (3) Existential verbs can form existential sentences. (4) Judgment verbs indicate judgment, and the format of "A is B" can indicate equivalence, attribution, characteristic materials, the existence of things and idioms. (5) Auxiliary verbs can be used as predicates and adverbials. (6) Directional verbs can be used as predicates and complements. (7) Imperative verbs can form concurrent sentences.
(3) Adjectives
1. Definition: Adjectives are words that express nature and state.
2. Classification: qualitative adjectives, state adjectives and indefinite adjectives.
3. Grammatical features: (1) Most adjectives can be used with adverbs, but three adjectives can't be used with adverbs of degree: a, positive adjectives are positive to indicate degree; B, state adjectives with overlapping affixes; C, other complex adjectives. (2) Adjectives are mainly used as attributes, predicates or predicate centers. (3) Adjectives cannot take objects. (4) Many adjectives can overlap in the form of AA and AABB.
4. Non-predicative adjectives.
Non-predicative adjectives are adjectives that cannot be used as predicates, also called distinguishing words. Grammatical features of non-predicative adjectives: (1) can directly modify nouns as attributes; (2) Can't be a predicate directly; (3) It cannot be used with the adverb "hen"; (4) "No" is often used in negation.
7. Summary of high school Chinese knowledge points
Section 1: Reading and Appreciation of Ancient Poetry (7 questions and 33 points) 1. The knowledge range of famous sentences and literary common sense questions: 60 recited articles recommended by curriculum standards; Literary knowledge is mainly based on China ancient writers and 60 endorsements, writers and dynasties.
Pay attention to dictation: (1) This year's college entrance examination is three out of four. Choose the most confident sentence to fill in, don't be silent. (2) The handwriting must be neat and clear, and it is forbidden to scribble or show off the calligraphy.
(It is recommended to fill in the dictation content before getting the test paper) (3) Require "word for word". If the dictation is not impressive, you can remember a few words first and then remember them later.
Pay attention to the images with fixed meanings in poetry: 1. Parting categories: double carp, foot element (letter from afar), moon (homesickness or reunion), swan goose (homesickness of wandering children or sadness in the journey), chilling (sadness), willow (figuratively leaving as a souvenir or representing hometown), fragrant grass (leaving sadness without resentment) and partridge. 4. Love category: lotus (with "pity" for love), red bean (love or friendship between men and women) and red leaf (sentimental object).
3. Personality: chrysanthemum (lofty), plum blossom (not afraid of being destroyed, dare to be the first or keep pure and clean), pine tree (proud of frost and snow, stick to moral integrity), 3. Sorrow: phoenix tree (symbolizing desolation), crow (declining desolation), cuckoo or Zigui (symbolizing desolation or homesickness), 5. Other categories: Kunshan. Dongli (elegant and completely clean) ■ The second type: artistic conception analysis (artistic conception = image+emotion) routine Q: What kind of artistic atmosphere does this poem create? Variant question: What kind of picture does this poem show us? What kind of thoughts did the poet express? What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What kind of feelings did the poet express? A the terms of artistic conception (atmosphere) features are: loneliness and cold, tranquility and beauty, grandeur and magnificence, bleak and desolate, tranquility and quietness, magnificence and beauty, full of vitality, magnificence and magnificence, illusion and emptiness, cold and depression, prosperity and excitement, etc.
B ideological and emotional terms: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people. ■ The third type: analyzing the differences in theme (content) of poems with themes (including emotions and implications), which can be divided into the following categories: 10, from which we can understand the theme of poems: (1) praising history and cherishing ancient poems: relying on ancient monuments to satirize modern people; Or feel that the past flourished and declined, and today is not as good as before; Or eager to make achievements like the ancients.
(Writing ancient monuments, commonly used allusions) (2) Expressing poems with things: instead of expressing thoughts and feelings directly, personification is symbolized by metaphor, and one's ideals and personality are integrated into one object. There are often images of pine, bamboo and plum. (3) frontier fortress battle poems: or write meritorious service to serve the country; Or the homesickness of the husband; Or satirize and exhort the militaristic rulers who expanded the frontier.
(4) Homesickness poems: writing the sadness of wandering wanderers; Or homesickness caused by what you see, hear and feel. There are often descriptions of the moon, willows, geese, letters and dreams. (5) Farewell poems: or express nostalgia at other times; Or express your thoughts after parting; Or express your ideals and beliefs; Or to encourage each other.
(6) Pastoral landscape poems: express dissatisfaction with secularism and reality, yearn for quiet and peaceful seclusion thoughts, or express one's feelings of being independent from the world and keeping moral integrity by writing about the leisure beauty of mountains and villages. (7) poetry: or worrying about the country and the people; Or reflect disorder; Or eager to make contributions; Or career setbacks; Or eulogize the rivers and mountains.
Being always in my heart-sad poems: expressing my thoughts about my husband who is guarding the border, or writing about the sadness that spring (youth) is fleeting and time is no longer there, or expressing my disgust at war. We don't think we will take the exam, but it is in the textbook. We still need to know something. )
■ The fourth type: expression skills (focusing on the whole article or part) Q: What kind of writing technique is used in this poem? Variant question: What kind of artistic technique (skill) is used in this poem? Or: How do poets express their feelings? Writing technique (skill) is a very broad concept, which roughly includes four categories: the first category: the method of describing scenery: 1. Directly and indirectly, there are: positive and profile description, imaginary writing (imagination and association) and real writing; 4. Use rhetorical devices: metaphor, comparison, exaggeration, analogy) (College Entrance Examination) Metonymous pun, rhetorical question, intertextuality; 3. Write by means of expression: comparison and contrast, comparison and contrast, quoting allusions (often taken in the college entrance examination), symbolizing, unfolding and sketching. 4. Write from the dynamic and static point of view: a scene that combines dynamic and static, or write static with dynamic; (College Entrance Examination) 5. From the perspective of observation, write: the combination of far and near, looking up and looking down; Up and down in space, the combination of high and low.
Write from the perspective of arousing the senses: vision (color), hearing (sound), smell (smell), taste and touch; Or synaesthesia. The second method: 1. From the direct and indirect point of view, the methods are: front and side description, imaginary writing (imaginary association) and real writing; 2. Use specific description means: language description, action description, expression description, appearance description, psychological description and detail description. 13. Use rhetoric to write people: metaphor, contrast, exaggeration, metaphor, pun, rhetorical question, irony; 4. Writing by expression: comparison, contrast, symbol, presentation and sketch.
The third way: lyric 1, direct expression: express the feelings of * * * directly with lyric and discussion. 2. Indirect lyric: express one's ambition by borrowing things (reasoning), satirize the present by borrowing the past, express one's feelings by borrowing the scenery, and express one's feelings in the scenery (often tested in the college entrance examination). The fourth way: contrast the structure before and after (composition). Why?