Du Fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This is a five-character poem, written in the second year of Zhide (757). The poet was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and trapped in Chang 'an.
Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers were still broken and ruined, but the land was desolate in spring. At this time of homesickness in adversity, he couldn't help feeling deep sorrow and emotion.
Sentence solution
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, Chang 'an is empty, sparsely populated and densely vegetated. The first couplet focuses on the overall situation and is a tragic pen. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and a word "deep" makes people sad. The laws of nature will not change with the changes of the times. The contrast between the present personnel and the eternal time and space makes the poet feel more desolate and lonely, so that all he sees are mountains and rivers, vegetation and an empty outline. Sima Guang's "Wen Gong's Continued Poems" said: "There are mountains and rivers, and there is nothing left in Ming Dynasty; The vegetation is deep and there is no one in the Ming Dynasty. " This couplet is a description of the scenery, but it is actually lyrical, with feelings attached to objects and scenes. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng praised this couplet in "Tang Yin Gui Qian": "The antithesis is not refined, and it changes vertically and horizontally. The more rigid, the more subtle, the more subtle and ingenious."
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
Sentimental about national affairs, in the face of flowers, tears can't help but splash, relatives are separated, birds are thrilling, and their feelings increase their resentment. Love starts from a small place, because of the scenery, and the scenery moves with the feelings. There are two interpretations of its meaning: one is Bi Xing's writing. The poet is sad for the broken country and the departure of his loved ones, so he cries when he sees flowers and is afraid when he hears birds singing. On the other hand, it is anthropomorphic with flowers and birds, which makes flowers cry and birds surprised. Both of these theories can be used to show the poet's deep feelings about time and his hatred of parting. Wonderful metaphor is really rare. Sima Guang commented in "Wen Gong Xu Shi": "It is more valuable than words and makes people think deeply."
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there is little news from home. A letter is worth tens of thousands of ounces of gold. The first sentence on the neck joint says that the war is long, and the next sentence says that the news is isolated. Although I was talking about myself, I accurately summarized the empathy of my loved ones in the war and expressed human nature, which later became the common language for people to express their hope for a letter from home in chaos. Yu Dafu's fifth "Gift": "A paper letter from home is worth a ton of gold, Shaoling, touching." Company March, from the Anshi Rebellion in November in the 14th year of Tianbao (755) to the writing of Spring Hope, happened to be two March, so it was called Company March.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and my hair is falling off. It's short and few, so it won't fit in. The former couplet was about worrying about the country and the family. This couplet is about deep sorrow and tragic situation. "Whitehead" is born of worry, and "scratching" means scratching, which means being upset. "Shorter", the degree of worry is getting deeper and deeper. In addition to the destruction of the country and the death of the family, it is a kind of sadness and adds a layer of sadness. Du Yi of Wang Siyuan in the late Ming Dynasty said: "If you leave a word behind, you will want to save the world and harm yourself." "Hun desire" is simply necessary. "hairpin", a long needle used by the ancients to fix a bun or crown, later specifically refers to women's jewelry with a bun.
Comments and explanations
This is a masterpiece with profound patriotism and people's concern. Its meaning runs through but not straight, the scene is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, the whole poem is only forty words, but it is intriguing to read.
The first two couplets of the poem are about the defeat of Spring City, full of sighs; The last two couplets are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The first two couplets all take the word "Wang", and the poet looks down, and the line of sight is from near to far, from far to near, and the field of vision is from the city to mountains and rivers, and then from the whole city to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from eagerly watching the scenery to bowing his head and meditating, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
Among them, the tie, because it tells the same feelings as future generations under similar circumstances, has become a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.