1, plants 2, animals 3, musical instruments 4, nature 5, places?
1. Plants (metaphor or symbol): fragrant grass, banana, phoenix tree, pine and cypress, bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, chrysanthemum, peony, peach blossom and flowering. ?
1, Cao Fang: (1) The endless and ubiquitous spring grass is far away from the horizon, which is a metaphor for the sadness of parting. Yuefu Poems: Grass by the Qingqing River and Philip Burkart Road. ? (2) Expressed endless hope: Bai Juyi: The vast grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the four seasons. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. ?
2. Lotus: Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. ? For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " ?
3. Plum blossom: totally, indomitable character. Wang Anshi's plum blossom? "It's not snow in the distance, because it smells." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's Operator: Scattered into mud and ground into dust. Only the fragrance remains the same. Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow.
4. Pine and cypress: It symbolizes loneliness, tenacity and unyielding. "The Analects of Confucius": "Cold knows the decline of pines and cypresses." ?
5, bamboo: green and straight, thriving and indomitable. Zheng Banqiao: "I insist that the green hills are not relaxed, because the roots are breaking the rocks. A thousand blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south. " ?
6. The image of Liu? (1) The words "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which often means parting. "Where to wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiao Feng's "Canyue" three sentences express Liu Yong's nostalgia for his lover. ? (2) In front of the eaves and behind the houses, it is often used as a symbol of hometown. "A tall building in Wan Li is like Tingzhou." Expressed Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown. ? (3) "Willow" catkins are erratic and often used as a way to send sorrow. "Excuse me, how much leisure, Yichuan tobacco, town wind. It rains when the plums are yellow. " A few words vividly illustrate the depth of Zhu He's sadness at this time. ?
7. Sorrow: There is a saying in the Book of Songs that the doctor of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty passed by the old capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and saw that the old capital was covered with millet, thus lamenting the destruction of the imperial ancestral temple. Later, "plum tree" was often used to express regret and sadness about the past prosperity and decline of this country.
8, vegetation: compare the desolation and prosperity of vegetation to express ups and downs. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang"), there are weeds and flowers beside Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at Wuyi Lane is oblique. (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane). Sang Yu's Huai Nan Zi: "When the sun sets, the scenery is at the end of the tree, which is called Sang Yu." "Sang Yu" refers to the place where the sun sets and the corner of the sun shines, which was later compared with the old times. For example, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not too late." ?
9. Chrysanthemum symbolizes nobility, seclusion and exquisiteness; Peach blossom symbolizes the beauty's face; Peony symbolizes nobility and wealth; Huayang symbolizes falling and scattering.
Animals: cuckoo, crow, swan goose, bluebird, partridge/Sha Ou, cricket, cicada? 、? Ape, swallow, fish?
1. Crow: According to superstition, it is an ominous bird. It often appears in graves and other desolate places. In ancient poetry, it is often associated with decadent and desolate things, and sometimes compared with villains or ordinary people. Qin Guan: Outside the sunset, 10,000 points are in the west of Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village. Ma Zhiyuan: The old vine is a faint crow, the small bridge is a flowing family, the ancient road is a thin horse, and the heartbroken people are in the end of the world.
2. Hongyan and Jade Bird: In ancient poetry, they are messengers of books, referring to audio information. Bluebird, it is said that the Queen Mother of the West has three bluebirds. One of them was sent as an emissary to inform Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the other two came with the Queen Mother of the West to serve her. Li Shangyin: There are not many roads from Pengshan to Bluebird. Listen! -Give me what she said! . Jing Li: The bluebird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the lilacs are sad in the rain. Li Qingzhao: When the words return, the moon is full of the West Building. ?
3. cricket: also known as promoting weaving, meaning melancholy. The Book of Songs: "July is in the wild, August is in the house, September is in the house, and October crickets come under my bed." ? Describe the rules of cricket in detail. At that time, the ancients thought that the sound of cricket was similar to that of a loom, and it was late autumn, so it was associated with promoting people's textile, preparing winter clothes, and even lack of recruitment. Nineteen ancient poems: the bright moon shines in the sky and promotes the weaving of the East Wall.
4, cicada: living in high branches, sleeping in the wind, not eating fireworks, metaphor for noble character. The "three musts" of poetry? Luo's "A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada" His flight was heavily through the fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who is worried about the table? ? Yu Shinan's "Cicada" drinks clear dew, and the sound is sparse. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind. ? Li Shangyin's cicada made his pure heart hungry, and you sang in vain all night. Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! . ?
5. swallow it? (1) Swallows become a symbol of love because they fly together. ? (2) The habit of swallows clinging to their nests has become the sustenance of expressing current events and personnel metabolism in classical poetry. "In the old society, Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people." It not only implied the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also revealed the poet's infinite feelings in the face of changes in the past and the present. ? (3) The symbol of spring means happiness. Bai Juyi: A few early warblers compete to warm the trees, and the new swallow pecks at the spring mud. ?
6. partridge: the song of partridge, such as "You can't walk like a brother", is often used to set off the difficulty of the situation or the melancholy of the mood. ? Such as Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man"; "The river is worried at night, and the mountains are deeply heard." ? Li Bai's Visit to Yue Gu: Gou Jian, the king of Yue, broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home. Maid-in-waiting is like a flower in Man Chun Hall, but only partridges are flying today.
What images are mainly selected in this poem? What kind of emotion permeates the poet? How do these images express emotions? ? The selected images are: soldiers with gorgeous clothes, ladies as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, palaces, partridges and so on. Expressed deep feelings about the ups and downs of the past. (or "express ups and downs") The first three sentences are extremely powerful, victorious and glorious, and the last sentence is only broken and desolate. The strong contrast before and after expresses the ups and downs of the past to the fullest.