According to the different music, The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, which is also the main basis for the classification of the works of The Book of Songs.
1, wind
It includes folk songs from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong (Qi, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin). Most of them are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and most of them are polished folk songs called "Fifteen Kingdoms", with 160 pieces, which is the core content of the Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to rural wind and wind ballads. (Fifteen national styles: Yi, Yi, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Yi, Cao, Yi.
2. "ah"
Divided into Xiaoya (74 pieces) and Elegance (3 1 piece), it is a court music song with *** 105 pieces. "Elegance" is formal music, that is, music songs when nobles enjoy banquets or princes meet at court. Elegance is mostly written by aristocrats, and Xiaoya expresses her personal feelings. Of course, most of them are works of literati, but there are also many words in Xiaoya that are similar to wind and ballads, such as yellow birds, going their separate ways, valley wind, why the grass is not yellow and so on.
Step 3 chant poems
They are music songs and epics sacrificed in ancestral halls, and most of them praise the achievements of ancestors. Zhou Song has 365,438+0 pieces, 4 pieces, 5 pieces of loose top and 40 pieces of * *. Originally, it was a musical song to praise the gods or ancestors when offering sacrifices, but all four poems of Truffle are to praise the living and beautiful Lu Xigong, and there are also flattering poems in Shang songs.
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The expressions of The Book of Songs are: Fu, Bi and Xing. That is, rhetoric now.
1 and "Fu"
Fu is a direct narrative. Is the most basic expression. Such as "life and death are generous, Zicheng said. Holding your hand and growing old with your son is to express your feelings directly.
2. "ratio"
Is the meaning of metaphor, simile and metaphor belong to this category. "Bi" is the most basic expression in poetry. Metaphors are used in many places and in various ways in The Book of Songs.
For example, Dream uses the change of mulberry trees from lush to withered to compare the rise and fall of love; "heming" uses the metaphor that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" to govern the country with sages; In Shuo Ren, the metaphor of beauty's hand, beauty's skin, beauty's teeth and so on are all good examples of using "Bi" in The Book of Songs.
3. "Xing"
It is a unique technique in The Book of Songs and even China's poems. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "Qi", so it is often called "Qi Xing", which plays a role in rendering atmosphere and creating artistic conception in poetry. "Xing" in The Book of Songs paves the way for what is sung with the help of other things.
It is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter. Sometimes when a sentence in a poem looks interesting, whether it is interesting can be judged by whether it is used at the beginning of a sentence or paragraph. For example, in Feng Weimang, "Mulberry leaves are prosperous before they fall" means prosperity.
About the most primitive "xing" is just a beginning, which has nothing to do with the following, but shows drift and association for no reason. Just like Qin Feng's Morning Wind, it is difficult to find a meaningful connection between the "Morning Wind" at the beginning and the "Seeing a gentleman, worrying" at the back. Although in this case, it may be incomprehensible because of the time gap, this situation definitely exists. Even in modern folk songs, we can still see such "xing".
"Xing" has more meaningful uses, such as metaphor, symbol and contrast. But it is precisely because "Xing" is originally produced by the drifting and association of ideas without reason, so even if it has a more real meaning, it is not so rigid, but subtle.
For example, Guan Guan's novel begins with "Guan Guan's dove is in the river continent", which was originally used by the poet to lead to the following "My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Nice", but the harmony of Guan Guan can also be used to describe the courtship between men and women, or the harmonious love between men and women, but its metaphorical meaning is not clear.
Because "Xing" is such an implicit and freely used technique, poets who like the implicit and euphemistic charm of poetry in later generations are particularly interested in it. Their own clever tricks and innovations are numerous, which constitute the special taste of China's classical poetry.