The language is plain and simple, full of charm.
Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can be passed down through the ages, which has a lot to do with the simplicity of language and is catchy to read. Tao Yuanming's unique life experience, simple rural life and simple rural scenery all require simple language and painting similar to "Tianjia dialect" as much as possible, thus forming a simple and natural style of pastoral poetry. However, pure words will never produce such a strong artistic charm. The advantages of Tao poetry are: under the plain appearance, it contains fiery thoughts and feelings and rich flavor of life.
Try to read a passage in the poem "Encouraging Agriculture": "I am crying and I am afraid of being in the same place. Flowers and trees are flourishing, and the wind is clear and the gas is positive. Both men and women are competing with the times. Sangnv Music, Nongye. " Although what is presented here is a peaceful agricultural map, it is actually only the result of beautifying the characteristics of closed and self-sufficient rural areas in China. Reread the first song of "Returning to the Garden": "I have no rhyme, so I naturally love Qiushan. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. After staying in the cage for a long time, I will return to nature. " This poem expresses the poet's happy mood of returning to rural life; In the middle of the scenery, the following four sentences "Fang Zhai" outline the simplicity and beauty of your residence with simple pen and ink; "It's warm in a distant village, and there is smoke in a market in Iraq", and the sight turns to the distance, which makes the whole picture present a leisurely, empty, quiet and peaceful charm.
The so-called "beauty in plain" is exactly the case.
The brush strokes are fresh, natural and delicate.
Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems never pursue gorgeous language and superficial modeling, but are casually dyed fresh and natural, but have endless charm. Such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan." The word "see" in a sentence means that it happened when the author picked chrysanthemums, not to describe the appearance of the mountain deliberately, but also to show the author's leisurely creation.
Tao Qian's pastoral poems are rooted in rural life, and his personal feelings about rural life are integrated into his poems. The most common square houses, thatched houses, green trees and flowers, distant villages and nearby cooking smoke, chickens barking and dogs barking ... all show infinite vitality under his description, forming a beautiful pastoral picture.
Let's analyze the second part of Return to the Garden: "There are fewer people in the wild and fewer wheels in the poor lanes. This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts. When complex market music, grass * * *. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma. My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day. I am always afraid that the frost will come, and so will the grass. " The poet first described the things in rural life, including wilderness, deep alleys, firewood, dusty rooms ... and then went back to the immediate things to describe farming in the fields and in-depth contact with the surrounding farmers. Even if there are only a few words with them, there is no lack of warmth in the communication between the lower classes. The whole poem closely revolves around rural life and integrates its own feelings into the poem. Therefore, fresh, natural and delicate description is another artistic feature of pastoral poetry.
Have a sincere love for the countryside, and the scene blends.
In poetry creation, it is very important to integrate emotion, scenery and reason, and emotion is the most important. Without emotion, the scene will be lifeless, without emotion, it will be "tasteless", without strong emotional infiltration, the scene and reason will lose the vitality of the work. In Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, birds, animals, flowers and mountains are full of deep thoughts and feelings; At the same time, poets are good at combining emotion with reason, visualizing their deep understanding of life and reality, and closely combining poetry with philosophy and scenery. No matter from which angle they appreciate pastoral poetry, they will bring a lot of fun to readers.
For example, the third song of "Drinking": "Building a house is in a human environment, and there are no horses and chariots. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. " The most outstanding artistic feature of this poem is the integration of lyricism, scenery description and rationality. The first four sentences are to write the scenery first and then make sense; The four sentences in the middle, while writing the scenery, express the feelings of leisure, and also imply the truth that you don't know until you are tired; The last two sentences are observing everything and understanding the philosophy of life. Poetry creates the artistic realm of harmony between subject and object and the unity of things and me. The language of poetry seems simple, natural and unremarkable, but in fact it has reached a concise and vivid situation.
This is why the pastoral poetry has an irreplaceable position in the history of China's poetry.
Predecessors have long commented on the artistic features of Tao's poems, calling them simple, natural and sincere.
Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.