Perhaps many people are not familiar with who Zhu He is, but most people should know his words, "One Sichuan tobacco, full of wind and rain, plum yellow rain." Song people generally love to write lyrics, and often get a nickname because of one or two beautiful sentences. For example, Song Qi is called "the history of red apricots" because of the phrase "the branches of red apricots are in spring"; Zhang Xi 'an is called Zhang Sanying because of three sentences: "Clouds break through the moon to make a shadow", "Delicate and lazy, the curtain rolls" and "Soft willows shake, falling lightly without shadow". Qin Guan is known as Sammo Wei Yun Qin Xueshi because of the phrase "the mountain smears Wei Yun, and the sky even declines grass"; Liu Yong because of the phrase "flowers have reflections, smoke has weeds soaked in blue, and the spirit marsh waves are warm." Liu Tuntian, known as the reflection of dew flowers; Zhu He is called "He Meizi".
Compared with "Ghost Head", "Plum" is gentler and fresher, and the two nicknames seem to comprehensively summarize two completely different personality characteristics of He Zhu.
He Zhu's personality is generous and pithy. The Epitaph of Lang Gong in the Song Dynasty said that he "likes to stab people". In case it is expensive, I refuse to listen. "Ye Mengde's Biography of He Zhu said that he" talks about what's going on in the world with a comedy, can you be less ostentatious; Although you want to be in power for a while, you don't like it, and you are extremely arrogant, so you think this is close to chivalry. " He Zhu himself said: "Zhu is rarely crazy. He yearns to be a foreign prison. He has moved to the north for a long time and tasted that he is a' northern fanatic'. "
At the same time, he also has a gentle side, which is mainly reflected in his lyrics. Most of his lyrics are "deep, beautiful and dense", his style is warmer and more Li Zhifeng, and his writing is witty and full of emotion.
Perhaps it is precisely because of these two completely different personalities that He Zhu was frustrated in his career and drowned in his life. He has made great achievements in poetry, combining rigidity with softness, and his style is diverse. Zhang Lei praised them as:
If you walk in gold, it seems enchanting, like taking pictures and moving, like the beauty of Qu and Song, like the sadness of Su and Li.
He Zhu was born in Weizhou in A.D. 1052, and is the grandson of the fifth emperor Xiaohui. He claimed that his distant ancestor was a man, a descendant of He, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty. His birth is unusual.
However, Zhu He's distinguished life did not bring too many blessings. When he was a teenager, his father died of illness, and He Zhu, who had just grown up, took on the burden of his family. Kou Yi wrote in the preface of "Collection of Old Friends of clear lake": Poor people are forced to support, but they are not good at supporting.
Seventeen-year-old He Zhu was awarded the rank of scholar because of his status, but he entered the official career as Wu Zhi, which was really helpless. The founding of the Northern Song Dynasty emphasized the suppression of martial arts and strictly controlled the intervention of consorts, so the starting point for Zhu He to become an official was very low.
Later, He Zhu married the daughter of an imperial clan, and his career path seems to have gradually improved.
Although He Zhu looks strange, he is never ashamed of it. This scholar is full of Ren Xia spirit. He once wrote poems with conceit and ambition:
At that time, I threw the pen away and said it was firm but gentle.
Conceit, who will seal the dragon's forehead?
-"Submit the Old after Changing Officials"
Even in middle age, in retrospect, I wrote:
Young chivalry, making friends with five men. Liver and gallbladder point, Mao shrugged and spoke at once. Live and die together. A promise is as good as a gold, and you are brave, arrogant, and lightly covered. Qi Fei Crusades to the East. Booming drinking, cold jars floating in spring, sucking seawater and hanging rainbows. Call the eagle dog at leisure, and bai ling will carve a bow. The sly hole is empty. Happy in a hurry. Young chivalry, making friends with five men. Liver and gallbladder point, Mao shrugged and spoke at once. Live and die together. A promise is as good as a gold, and you are brave, arrogant, and lightly covered. Qi Fei Crusades to the East. Booming drinking, cold jars floating in spring, sucking seawater and hanging rainbows. Call the eagle dog at leisure, and bai ling will carve a bow. The sly hole is empty. Happy in a hurry. -Excerpt from Song of Six States
It can be seen that He Zhu's chivalrous complex is full of heroism.
Because of his personality, He Zhu, above his official career, has been a humble Wu Zhi for many years. His right class is straight, his army is in the warehouse, his Lincheng wine tax is low-key, and his ambition is killed again and again.
Twenty-three years as a servant is a helpless contrast with teenagers who make friends with five men and like to talk about what's going on in the world.
Ancient officialdom always pays attention to sharpening the knife. He Zhu's sharp centrality has not changed in the past 23 years. Ancient officialdom was cautious. Zhu He "likes to stab people, but refuses to listen when it comes to expensive situations". This is still the nature of literati. It is good for friends to meet friends, but in officialdom, the prospects are not good, and He Zhu doesn't realize that he is wild. Frankly speaking, the chivalrous Zhu He is doomed to have an uneven career.
Until 109 1 year, He Zhu was forty years old. He Zhu, recommended by Li Qingchen and Su Shi, was hired as a civil servant as the undertaker to supervise the Beiyu Temple.
Of course, he is still a small official, but he is barely better than Wu Zhi.
He Zhu, a middle-aged man, became famous for his poems, and had many contacts with literary figures such as Su Shi, Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian, among which the friendship between He Zhu and Mi Fei was the most telling.
A friendship between two people can be described as a kind of joy when you see it.
Their personalities are complementary but extremely similar. Miffy is eccentric and crazy. When he meets a stone, he calls him Mi Dian. About two people making friends, the history of Song Dynasty, Biography of He Zhu, records:
At that time, there was Mi Fei between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, who was famous for his beautiful shore and was shaped into a chivalrous man and a cool man. Every time we meet and argue, we can't bend down all day long, and the speakers fight for ammunition.
There are not many historical records about their friendship, but the first sentence in Mi Fei's "He" is: Why enjoy yourself and comfort others?
The depth of their friendship is evident.
In a.d. 1096, he swam across the river in Zhuzhou, which was the relegation of Qin Guan to Guiyang. He Zhu had poems before he met him.
A small lingering company on Mianyang Lake is suspected to be Li Chenxian.
The flow to Yelang is only half, and the diameter is still the same as Jiangxia music.
A farmer is tired, and an official is doomed to be old.
I will stay with you until you come back to me. The spring breeze will start with two fishing boats.
-"Farewell to Qin Guan Shao You"
Four years later, Qin Guan died in Tengzhou.
Su Shi died in Changzhou on11kloc-0/.
1 105, Huang tingjian is dead.
Mifei also died on 1 107.
Old friends passed away one after another, and He Zhu's heart was full of sadness, but it never rains but it pours. Shortly after Mi Fei's death, He Zhu's wife was also ill in bed.
As mentioned earlier, He Zhu's wife, who was also the imperial clan, accompanied him in the decades after He Zhu's downfall. He Zhu often describes the details of his wife's sewing clothes in his poems:
Geng Xu is tired of steaming in summer, and Xi Jun is the needle.
A hundred knots of fur make up for it.
I'm sorry to ask you what it is, but it is a very early business.
A woman's job is my job, and I dare to miss a day.
-He Zhu's "Ask Inside"
Around 1 108, He Zhu lived in Suzhou, but his wife died suddenly. He Zhu returned to Nagato, sad, write down the paper:
Everything is wrong, and what follows is different.
Wutong was half dead. After first frost, Bai Yuanyang lost her partner.
The grass is on the ground and exposed at the beginning. Lao Qi and Xin Ling are two lovers.
Lying in an empty bed listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend the clothes at night?
-"Partridge Day"
The grass is still there, and the morning dew is dry. A person's life may pass away in a turn, but memories will be condensed into details of a certain place or time. The dead don't know that the living will be hurt.
Su Shi, fifteen years older than He Zhu, once wrote a poem in memory of his dead wife:
Ten years of life and death are two boundless. Don't think about it. Unforgettable
A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about.
Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
When night came, my dream suddenly came home. The window of Xiao Xuan. Dress up.
Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears
It is estimated that the annual heartbroken place, moonlit night, short matsuoka.
-"Jiangchengzi"
Su Ci was written at the age of 37, and his congratulatory message was written at the age of 57. In contrast, each has its own sorrow.
Su Ci's details are described in the small window dressing, and the congratulations are still the light of mending clothes, which are all painful memories. Dongpo's ci creation was at its peak, and He Zhu was over half a year old and white-haired. The seven words "Why come together and go back to our own places" have entered the heavy life.
At this time, the Northern Song Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, which made He Zhu desperate. 1 109, He Zhu became an official and settled in Suzhou.
After experiencing the world, in his later years, He Zhu recovered his true colors and was still a scholar.
He Zhu's ancestors can be traced back to Qing Ji. Qing Ji, the son of Liao Wang in the Spring and Autumn Period, named his field clear lake when he lived in Huiji. Therefore, He Zhu also calls himself clear lake's old man and Ren Yue.
Jiangnan scenery, thousands of books, poetry and songs, He Zhu's old age is quite comfortable.
According to statistics, He Zhucun wrote 587 poems, which were compiled into clear lake's Collection of Old People. 289 poems, Dongshan Ci.
Now it seems that the achievements of He Zuoxiu's Ci have surpassed those of poetry.
He Zhu often blurts out casually, but his excellent works are natural, which may be the height of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty. He Zhu is like a book in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a Tang poem, which is the mapping of the times and the people.
Zhou Bangyan died in 1 12 1. Four years later, He Zhu died in Changzhou Daoyuan at the age of 74.
At this point, the famous poets in the Northern Song Dynasty died.
Throughout He Zhu's life, he was unhappy all his life, which was rooted in He Zhu's complicated and multifaceted personality. Cheng Ju described He Zhu in detail in "Bei Shan Ji-Preface to He Shi":
When Fang Hui was young, he practiced chivalry, galloped and drank like a whale (Zong Hao); However, when I don't have time, I bow my head under the north window and make a cow's hair in fine print. The orpiment does not go, but it is like a scholar (static); But the play is a long and short sentence, graceful and graceful, extremely carefree (elegant); Fang Hui is generous and grateful, and words are the way to manage money and drama. But when it comes to the meeting of the Xuanshang competition, it is often as timid as a virgin (cowardice); I can't solve it. However, when an official enters a meeting, it often looks like an unexpected abyss. I didn't expect it, so I ran away.
He Zhu is a handsome, quiet, elegant, capable and timid person. His personality seems to have two sides, one is arrogance towards Ren Xia, the other is introversion and cowardice, or he is capable and talented, and the other is tenderness and cowardice. Two completely different personalities are intertwined, so he can't seize every opportunity and dare not go forward. Perhaps it can be said that his psychological quality is poor, which can also be attributed to his nature or to others. In short, this should be the main reason why he didn't get promoted during his decades-long career.
However, regardless of his official career, it is not difficult to find out from Zhu He's poems that his greatest achievement is to gallop freely between the two poles of boldness and gracefulness.
The song "Song of Six Kingdoms" mentioned earlier is bold and unconstrained. Although it is a poem, it has the style of Li Bai's poem. It is a rare song in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is not lost to Su Shi's "The Old Man Talk about Teenagers" ... Looking at the northwest and shooting at Cang Lang ".
And when he said sad words, especially the sentence "How much leisure is there?" The famous sentence "Yichuan smoke, the wind in the city, plum yellow rain" is profound and beautiful, and it is the first to kill and graceful.
The great tension formed by the two styles has effectively expanded the breadth and depth of Ci in expressing personal feelings and social life, and laid its unique position and influence in the history of Ci.
As mentioned above, the words "ghost head" and "plum" sum up He Zhu's life. Under the ugly and rough "ghost head", in addition to lofty sentiments, there is a fresh and beautiful heart like "plum" and the extreme gentleness like plum rain.