The moon is one of the favorite poetic images of ancient and modern poets, which frequently appears in classical poetry. Why do many poets have a soft spot for the image of "moon"? What is the relationship between the image of the moon and the presentation of poetic artistic conception? Su Shi's "Water Melody" sings: "People have joys and sorrows, the moon has ups and downs, and it is difficult to be complete in ancient times." The image of "moon" has entrusted the poet's subjective feelings of joys and sorrows.
First, sadness-eternity and impermanence
"The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide is lonely. In the old moon to the east of Huaishui, I also came to Nvbi late at night. " Liu Yuxi stopped by the Qinhuai River in the "Stone Town" and looked up at the sky. A bend in Old Moon aroused the poet's sigh and memory of history, and his feelings were attached to it. As a witness of history, the moon is round after round, endless and unchanging, and is "eternal" in the eyes of poets; Stone Town used to be prosperous, but now it is depressed, which can be described as "impermanence". In the sharp contrast between eternity and impermanence, in the dream interweaving of history and reality, the poet can't help feeling sad.
Li Yu said, "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the bright moon "(Yu Meiren). Things change, like smoke and dreams. Jinling, the old country that used to sing and dance, can only reappear in memory-the so-called impermanence; And the spring flowers and the autumn moon are eternal-the so-called eternity. The beautiful scenery of spring flowers and autumn moon can only set off the sadness that the country is ruined and the king is a prisoner.
Zhang said, "Whoever sees the moon for the first time by the river shines on the people at the beginning of the month." The problem leads to the sadness that "life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar year after year". Although "month" is similar year after year, "person" is different year after year. Life is like fleeting waves in the long river of history, short and small, while the bright moon and the universe are great and eternal. The poet takes the moon as the reference of life, and expresses endless grief through philosophical speculation on the eternity of the moon and the impermanence of life.
Li Bai's "Today's people don't see Gu Yue, but this month they took photos of the ancients. The ancients said, if people are running water, they look at the bright moon. I only hope that the song is right for the wine and the moonlight shines on the golden urn. "For a long time, a bright moon hung high in the blue sky and poured on the Yin Hui without stint. It gets up late, disappears quickly, and is always at arm's length with people. People today can't see the ancient moon, and ancient people can't see the moon today. The moon is long, but life is short. Facing the eternal bright moon, the poet has no emotion, which leads to the exploration of life philosophy, skillfully integrates the vastness of the universe, the vastness of time and space with the brevity of life, and expresses the sadness of eternity and impermanence.
In Li Bai's "Visiting the Ancient", "Today, there is only the Xijiang Moon, and the people of Wu Palace were photographed", and in Du Mu's "Two Poems of Runzhou", "Generally, the Southern Dynasties are broad-minded and the Eastern Jin Dynasty is the most romantic. The moon is full of thoughts about washing clothes, and a flute blows away all my worries. In Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow, "Twenty-four Bridges are still there, but Leng Yue is silent. Look at the red medicine by the bridge and you will know who you live for every year! "It conveys eternal and impermanent sadness.
Second, Huan-beauty, love
1. Moon and Beauty
In the ancient aesthetic world, the beauty of the moon's shape is most similar to the beauty of a woman's appearance and posture, and the bright moon is a symbol of beauty, thus creating sentences that describe beauty with the moon, such as "The moon looks beautiful" and "The moon is ashamed of flowers". In Yan Shu's "Huanxisha", "If you want to greet the eyebrows and the moon, you will face Bian Xia with wine." He used "moon" and "chardonnay" to compare women's eyebrows and faces, thus depicting the charm of beautiful women. Another example is Yan's "Death", which describes a boudoir girl who is lazy after waking up from a nap. Lv Yun is a metaphor for girls' dark hair, and the new moon is a metaphor for girls' dark hair and eyebrows. The moon image in Li Bai's poems also has this symbol and metaphor. For example, "Bright eyes and bright moon, the whole city smiles" ("Antique" 26), writing that the beauty of women is better than the bright moon; "The cup reflects the song fan, which seems to see the moon cloud" ("Meeting the Moon"), that is, taking the moon as an example, the girl who writes songs covers her face with a fan, just like the beauty of the moon in the clouds sometimes hides the clouds and sometimes reveals half. There is a beautiful moon in the sky, and the beautiful women on the ground complement each other. At this point, the poet skillfully integrated heaven and earth, and the elusive beautiful moon seemed to accompany him. The beauty around him is like a fairy in the sky and a beautiful woman like the moon, which brings double comfort to the poet both visually and spiritually. The moon here is a happy image.
Li Shangyin, who once complained about Chang 'e, also praised: "Su E, a young woman, is cold-resistant and has a frosty battle in the middle of the month." Chang 'e and Qing women competed to show their beautiful figures in the cool moonlight at night, and the moon became a symbol of beauty.