In the early years of Song Huizong, Lu Benzhong wrote the Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society. (For details, see Xie Siwei's "Sect Map of Jiangxi in Luben" (Literature Heritage, No.3, 1985). The school of poetry headed by Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao was named? Jiangxi Poetry School? . Jiangxi Poetry School is the first poetry school with a formal name in the history of China literature. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Du Fu was called the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School, and was also called the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School with Huang Tingjian, Chen? Zong? , put forward Jiangxi poetry school? Sanzu? Said, formed a school of poetry. This school advocates Huang Tingjian's theory of turning iron into gold and robbing a fetus to change bones. Moreover, the members of the poetry school are mostly influenced by Huang Tingjian, and their poetry creation style is mainly chanting the life of the study and paying attention to the scrutiny skills of words.
The Development of Jiangxi Poetry School
After the death of Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao, the poetic atmosphere tends to solidify. Through the efforts of Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and others, the characteristics of Song poetry have been basically stereotyped. The strict creation of Huang and Chen provides rules and norms for young poets, and the harsh political situation makes the poet's mentality more introverted from outside to inside. Therefore, chanting the life in the study and scrutinizing the brushwork became the creative tendency of Jiangxi poetry school, which was also the tendency of the whole poetry circle at that time.
The sudden Jingkang incident broke the depressing atmosphere of poetry. The rising state of Jin in Northeast China destroyed Liao in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125) and captured Bianjing the following year. In the second year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 127), the Northern Song Dynasty perished, the Southern Song Dynasty was established, and the north of Huaihe River became a golden territory. In just two years, great changes have taken place. The poet's quiet study life was completely broken by the iron horse Hu Jia of the Jin Bing, which shocked the whole poetry circle, and the Jiangxi poetry school, which represents the poetic atmosphere, has also undergone profound changes.
Nomads from the siege of bian city, Lu Benzhong in the city. He first recorded the event in poetry. The Guardians of the City describes the heroic resistance of the soldiers who fought against the Jin Dynasty, the alley after the rebellion depicts the tragic situation of the people suffering from war, and the Chronicle of the City accuses the enemy of burning, killing and looting. Nomads from after you come back, Lv Benzhong and wrote "after the mutiny" 29 poems to express their anger, one of them wrote:
At night, on the occasion of military service, soldiers gathered everywhere.
Tired after death, long life.
If you are worried, you will sleep less, and if you are robbed, you will be hungry.
Want to chase Fan Zaidai, the Alliance Uprising Division!
Depressed and tragic, he wrote the sympathy of patriotic literati.
Other Jiangxi poets who experienced the Jingkang incident also have similar works. For example, Han Ju's Poems by Mr. Lingyang contains many poems calling for resistance to gold. Even in the traditional themes of chanting things and history, we can sometimes see their thoughts of worrying about the country and the people and hurting the disadvantages of the times, such as Hongyan's rhyme Thunderstorm and Xu Fu's Ode to History:
Thunder wants to pull out three mountains, and the rain is like a hundred rivers.
But I dreamed that a strange cold invaded the guests. What if it was a quiet smoke?
In recent years, the countryside has been full of thorns.
It's no big deal to deduct nine customs and write the emperor's mansion.
Chu and Han contend for scholars' worries, where does the East go?
Jun Zheng is unknown, and Xiang Bo Hu Yanken is surnamed Liu?
The last song expressed the nostalgia for the lost mountains and rivers. The latter one is a parody of the past and tells the story of Xu Fu's deliberate naming of his handmaid when he usurped the throne in Zhang Bangchang. Changnu? Things, the poem must contain the meaning of advocating national integrity. With the signing of the Song-Jin peace talks, Jiangxi poets gradually resumed their early creative themes, but their revival after the Jingkang Incident deserves attention.
In the early Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangxi Poetry School also experienced profound changes in its artistic style. Huang Tingjian's poetic theory originally contains the spirit of seeking novelty and change, and several outstanding poetic theorists in Jiangxi Poetry School have understood and inherited this spirit. Zeng Ji raccoon pointed out in "Zhou Zhai Shi Hua":? Houshan said that poetry should change, Donghu said that poetry is in the middle, Donglai said that poetry is alive, and Zicang said that poetry is full of participation. Although the entrance is different, it is actually a barrier, you must know, you must realize. Indeed, from Chen Shidao and Xu Fu to Lv Benzhong and Korean dramas, the members of Jiangxi Poetry School are not immutable in their poetics. They developed Lv Benzhong's poetics with the basic spirit of Huang Tingjian's poetics? Living method? Said.
Characteristics of Jiangxi Poetry School
As early as the early years, Lu Ben wrote the Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society, and named this school of poetry headed by Huang and Chen? Jiangxi Poetry School? . ? Jiangxi? The name is taken from the birthplace of eleven poets, including Huang Tingjian and Hongyan. ? Sect? This is a Zen term, because Jiangxi is a popular place of Zen, and Huang Tingjian and others practice Zen deeply, so it is called this school of poetry. The Sect Map respects Du Fu as the ancestor, and the following 25 people: Chen Shidao, Pan Dalin, Xie Yi, Peng Hong, Hong Chu, Rao Jie, Zuke, Xu Fu, Lin Minxiu, Hongyan, Wang Ge, Li Ke, Han Ju, Li Peng, Chao Chongzhi, Jiang Duanben, Yang Fu, Xie Xie (according to the prefix of grass) Lv Benzhong's Sect Map is originally. However, he pointed out that the existence of Jiangxi poetry school is in line with the facts. Most of the members of the poetry school received the guidance of Huang Tingjian directly or indirectly, and their poetry creation was more or less influenced by Huang's poetry. It is indeed a school of poetry with similar theme and style.
Jiangxi poetry school has three characteristics: first, this poetry school is a conceptual social collection, not an actual gathering; Second, from the perspective of style and inheritance, not from the perspective of geographical division, not all poets are from Jiangxi; Thirdly, Jiangxi Poetry School is a part of Yuan You's scholarship. What is it for? Uncle Shao? The rise and fall of political opposition is closely related to the political situation.
In addition to the characters in the sectarian map, Lv Benzhong, Zeng Yi and Zhao Fan are also considered to belong to this school. Although most poets in the Southern Song Dynasty formed their own school, they were influenced by Jiangxi poetic style in their early days. By the end of the Song Dynasty, Fang Hui called Du Fu Jiangxi Poetry School, because the members of the poetry school learned more from Du Fu? Joe? And called Huang Tingjian and Chen a school of poetry? Zong? , put forward the Jiangxi poetry school? Sanzu? Said.
The Cultural Influence of Jiangxi Poetry School
? Turn stone into gold? It is an important inheritance of Du Fu. He often copied the poems of his predecessors and made some changes, advocating a thin and hard style, often using obscure allusions and uncommon literals, striving for novelty and surprise. They opposed the Quincy School's emphasis on melody and rhetoric, so they tried to explore new artistic skills and embarked on a new formalistic road that was divorced from reality.