Lu Xun (1881～1936)
Chinese writer, thinker, revolutionary, and the founder of modern Chinese literature. His original name was Zhou Zhangshou, but later he was renamed Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Hencai. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Life and Creation Lu Xun was born in a declining scholar-bureaucrat family. In 1898, he went to Nanjing to study. He first entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy, and the following year was admitted to the Mining and Railway School attached to the Jiangnan Naval Academy. During this period, he came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the Western bourgeoisie. In 1902, he went to Japan to study and entered Hongbun College in Tokyo. In 1904, he went to Sendai Medical College to study medicine, but later gave up studying medicine. In 1906, he returned to Tokyo to engage in literary and artistic activities. He translated and introduced the literary works of Russia, Eastern Europe and other oppressed nations. He published "The Power of Moro Poetry", "History of Science and Education", "Cultural Partialism" and other works full of fighting spirit. thesis. He returned to China in August 1909 and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After school, he compiled lost ancient novels. In 1912, he served as a member of the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government. After arriving in Beijing, he served as section chief and official of the Department of Social Education. In early 1918, he participated in the editorial work of "New Youth" and published his first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman" in "New Youth", criticizing the family system and feudal ethics. Since then, he has been "unstoppable" and has successively published masterpieces such as "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", and "The True Story of Ah Q". At the same time, he also combined with the needs of the struggle to create a literary style called dagger or spear throwing, and wrote many essays and papers. Later, he compiled a collection of miscellaneous thoughts "Hot Wind" and the papers were included in "Grave". Since August 1920, he has taught part-time at Peking University, Beijing Normal University and other schools, compiled books such as "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", and successively published novel collections "Scream" and "Wandering". In 1925, he led young people to establish Mangyuan Society and Weiming Society, edited "Mangyuan", and translated and introduced foreign literature. In August 1926, under persecution by the warlords, he left Beijing to teach at Xiamen University and Sun Yat-sen University. He went to Shanghai in October 1927 and specialized in writing. In 1929, he edited the "Scientific Art Theory Series". In 1930, he participated in initiating and organizing the establishment of the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Alliance and served as the leader of the "Left-Wing Alliance". During this period, he also participated in organizations such as the China Freedom Movement Alliance and the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance to fight against the Kuomintang and imperialism. During his stay in Shanghai, he published 9 collections of essays and a collection of historical novels "New Stories". He has successively edited literary publications such as Yusi, Runliu, Morning Flower, Germination, Outpost, Cross Street, and Translation, and translated many foreign literary works. He supported the anti-Japanese national united front policy proposed by the Communist Party of China and put forward the slogan of "popular literature of the national revolutionary war". On October 19, 1936, this great cultural giant died in Shanghai due to illness due to overwork.
Achievements Lu Xun is the standard-bearer of China's New Culture Movement. He made great contributions to the democratic revolution and modern literature, and left a rich and precious spiritual legacy to people. He wrote and translated nearly 10 million words in his lifetime, including 3 collections of novels, 17 collections of essays, 1 collection of prose poems, 1 collection of memoirs, more than 1,400 letters, and the period from May 5, 1912 to October 1936. The diary of the 18th (the one from 1922 has been lost), as well as academic works such as "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature". He also translated the literary works and literary theories of nearly 100 writers from 14 countries and published them into 33 single volumes. In addition, 18 kinds of ancient books were compiled and collated. These works have been published in various editions, including the 1959 edition of "Lu Xun's Translated Works" in 10 volumes, the 1981 edition of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" in 16 volumes, etc. Lu Xun's works have enriched the treasure house of world literature and have been translated into more than 50 languages ??including English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German, Arabic and Esperanto, and have a large number of readers around the world.
Lu Xun’s life was highly praised by the Communist Party of China and the people across the country. Mao Zedong pointed out in "On New Democracy": "Lu Xun was an unprecedented national hero who represented the majority of the nation on the cultural front and charged against the enemy, the most correct, the bravest, the most resolute, the most loyal, and the most enthusiastic. Lu Xun The direction is the direction of China's new culture." The study of Lu Xun's thoughts and creations began after the publication of "Diary of a Madman" in 1918. "Selected Research Papers on Lu Xun in the Past Sixty Years" published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences compiles some important results in this area. In addition, there are various monographs by Lu Xun research experts.
"The Complete Works of Lu Xun"
A collection of Lu Xun's works. In 1938, Shanghai Fushe published 20 volumes; in 1973, People's Publishing House reprinted it. The first six volumes collect Lu Xun's novels, essays, and essays; the seventh volume includes "Book of Two Places", "Collection of Collections", and "Collections from Collection of Collections"; and the eighth, ninth, and tenth volumes contain academic treatises and compilations. Ancient books, the last 10 volumes are translated by Lu Xun. From 1956 to 1958, People's Literature Publishing House successively published 10 volumes of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" excluding translations. At the same time, it successively published 2 volumes of "Lu Xun's Diary" and 10 volumes of "Collected Works of Lu Xun's Translations".
In 1981, the People's Literature Publishing House re-edited and published 16 volumes of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (excluding translations). The first six volumes were not consistent with the 1938 edition, but the overall content was the same. The seventh volume "Collected Works" and "Collected Works" were Supplements to the Collection of Waiji", Volume 8 "Supplement to the Collection of Collections", Volume 9 "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", Volume 10 "Collection of Prefaces and Postscripts to Ancient Books", "Collection of Prefaces and Postscripts to Translations", Vol. Volumes 11 to 15 collect "Book of Two Places", letters and diaries, and volume 16 (attached volume) "Chronology of Lu Xun's Writings and Translations", "Index to the Complete Works" and "Index to the Annotations of the Complete Works". This is the most complete and most accurate edition to date.