It should be said that with the emergence of poetry, epic poems also came into being. Many articles in The Book of Songs have begun to show the scale and weather of epic poems. For example, Feng Wang Mi Li, which we are familiar with, is a poem in which the poet passed by the old capital of Zhou Zong and saw that millet and sorghum were flourishing, which caused infinite emotion and anxiety. "Preface to Poetry" says: "Mi Li, Fujian and Zhou Zong are also. As for Dr. Zhou, he traveled all over the ancestral temple palace, and everything he did was for the sake of whole grains. The subversion of Zhou Min Room is unbearable, but it is a poem. " "God, who is this?" Repeatedly chanting, Gai "deeply complains." According to textual research, it was Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty who first took "chanting history" as a poetic proposition. His "Ode to Historical Poems" takes Ti Ying, a young girl from the Western Han Dynasty, as the theme. "A hundred people are not as good as a Ti Ying." Through comparison, I warmly praise the image of a girl who is not afraid of imperial power and has the courage to save her father. The Tang Dynasty is not only the golden age for the development of ancient poetry, but also the harvest season for poets. It is worth mentioning that in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, due to its specific historical stage and cultural background, the creation of epic poems showed new features in terms of material selection, conception and brushwork, and many excellent poems were produced. After the Tang Dynasty, poets inherited and developed this tradition of poetry, and famous works appeared in succession, which became a beautiful landscape in the poetry world.
Poetry about objects is mainly composed of two parts: historical narration and nostalgic recitation. With concise language and carefully selected images, it combines feelings about nature, society and history. There are mainly the following categories in conception: First, the author's meditation after reading all the vicissitudes of life contains a deep sense of hardship. For example, Li Bai's "Yue revisits the ancient times" shows readers the prosperity of the past and the desolation of today through the sharp contrast of "returning in uniform", "maids are like flowers in Man Chun Hall" and "only partridges fly today". Poets in prosperous times can write words to express the sadness of parting, which shows the poet's deep concern for the national luck. The second is to satirize the debauchery of those in power and become senior officials. Li Shangyin's "Two Poems of Northern Qi Dynasty" (I): "Laugh and forget the enmity. Why stab? " Zhou Shi entered Jinyang with little news. With the technique of "exaggerating in advance", the poet linked the two events of "a dead body crossing the river overnight" and "Zhou Shi entering Jinyang" for a while, and emphatically discussed the inevitable connection between dissolute politics and mourning for the country, which was naturally thought-provoking. The third is to express the author's loneliness and depression with low talent and high ambition. "Before me, where were those lost times? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down! "(Chen Ziang's" Youzhou Tower ") A poet with political knowledge and talent can't meet a wise monarch like Yan Zhaowang, so going to Taiwan can't help feeling homesick. Frustration, frustration and anger poured out, and there was a wide range of * * * sounds after reading it.
Wu Qiao, a poet in A Qing, pointed out in Poems Around the Furnace that in the writing of epic poems, we should "keep what we say" in terms of ideological content, that is, say what others have not said, and innovate and seek differences. Therefore, this kind of writing gives readers a stronger appeal and shock with its unique perspective and wise insights. When Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was defeated, Du Mu said, "Winning or losing is unexpected, it's a man. The children of Jiangdong are brilliant, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback. " (Tiaojiangting) In this poem, Du Mu denies his defeat and commits suicide, which is contrary to the fact that most people admire him for "ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong" and resolutely commit suicide. On the other hand, Wang Anshi reversed his conviction on the basis of Du Mu's article, saying, "The brave are tired after hundreds of battles, and the Central Plains is defeated. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, they are willing to make a comeback with the king. " (Wujiang Pavilion) Du Shi advocates "being ashamed of others" and Wang Shi advocates "sizing up the situation".
In writing, there are also some distinctive artistic features and styles in chanting historical poems. First, the combination of narrative and discussion. This kind of poetry generally summarizes and refines historical events first, then comments, expounds historical views and expresses feelings. Du Mu's Red Cliff is his masterpiece. "Sand iron is not good to sell, but it will be washed away by the power. Dongfeng does not follow Zhou Lang, and Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring. " The first two sentences solemnly said that they found a broken halberd in the underwater sand, and the last two sentences made wild comments on this basis, pretending to be extreme, and attributed Zhou Lang's victory to the east wind. The real taste of this is nothing more than pouring out the injustice of talents and expressing the block in the chest through historical events. Luo Yin's History of Xi refutes the argument that the decline of the country has always been attributed to the "female disaster" through incisive exposition, which has a distinct progressive historical view. "Who is the death of Yue?" It can be said that it is right and shocking. Second, the scene blends. Expressing feelings with scenery and containing feelings in scenery make the works of chanting history receive good artistic effects. Liu Yuxi's Shicheng: "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and it is lonely. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " This poem has no words directly related to personnel, but puts the reader in a desolate and desolate atmosphere. Lonely tide and affectionate bright moon accompany a once prosperous and luxurious "empty city". Every scene is a feeling. Although it is not discussed, there is not a scene that does not blend with the poet's deep affection for his hometown and his bleak life. The first four sentences of Du Fu's Book of Letters depict a bleak scene of lush vegetation and orioles singing. The last four sentences express the feelings of self-harm by praising Zhuge Liang's wisdom, achievements and moral behavior. "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." Third, the contrast is ironic. We know that proper use of contrast will make people's understanding more profound. In the epic, there are many contrasts. Li Gou in Song Dynasty compared the different attitudes of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty towards the death of Yang Guifei and soldiers. "At that time, there were many dead soldiers in the army, and the king was not tempted." He satirized his country's extravagance and showed no sympathy for people's lives. Liu Yuxi's A Thousand Households Become Weeds (Taicheng) is a contrast between the prosperity and decline of "a thousand households" and "long weeds" in the past, which leads to thinking about the reason of losing our country because of a backyard flower. Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng compares the personnel who value the virtuous, seek the virtuous and ask ghosts and gods to express his deep feelings of declining and sinking into the current position. In a poem entitled "Lady of Peach Blossom Temple", Du Mu compared the humiliation and hardship of Lady of Peach Blossom (Lady of Xifu) with the fate of the characters who died in the heroic spirit of Lvzhu. "What happened in the end?" The poor man who fell from the building in Jingu "doesn't need a word of praise or criticism". He saw it from above and has something to borrow. "
Finally, it should be noted that the rich ideological content and colorful expression of the epic cannot be completely described, but it is just "throwing bricks".