According to legend, neither of them was originally a mortal flower. One year, the Queen Mother and fairies sprinkled the elixir on the earth for disaster relief, and the rest of the elixir became peony and peony on the earth. The name of peony still retains the word "medicine" until now.
"The world loves peonies with wealth, and literati love peonies more."
The legend of peony
Huatuo, an imperial doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, opened up a medicine garden, chiseled a medicine pool, built a pharmacy, planted herbs in the back room, and widely taught, planted and processed Chinese herbal medicines. However, he must carefully taste each drug and understand its properties before he can use it to collect and organize patients.
Once, a foreigner gave Huatuo a peony, and he planted it in front of the house. After Hua Tuo tasted the leaves, stems and flowers of this peony flower, he felt that it was ordinary and seemed to have no medicinal properties.
One night, Hua Tuo was reading under the lamp when he suddenly heard a woman crying. Hua tuo, puzzled, pushed the door and went out, but there was no one, only the peony tree. Hua Tuo's heart moved: Is it the woman who cried just now? He looked at the peony, shook his head and said to himself, "There is nothing strange about yourself. How can I take medicine? " Turned around and went back to the house to read.
Who knows, just sit down, I heard the woman crying again. Go out and have a look, it's still the peony tree. Hua tuo was shocked, woke up his sleeping wife and described what had just happened to her. The wife looked at the flowers and trees outside the window and said, "Everything here has become a good medicine in your hand. You have saved countless patients' lives with it. It's just that this peony has been left out in the cold, and naturally I feel wronged. " After hearing this, Hua Tuo said with a smile, "I have tasted all kinds of herbs, and the medicinal properties are clearly divided." I used everything I needed, not a penny less. I have tasted the leaves, stems and flowers of this peony many times. I really can't take medicine. How can I say that I have wronged it? "
A few days later, Mrs. Hua suffered a bloody collapse and abdominal pain, and the medication was ineffective. Without telling her husband, she dug out the peony roots and cooked them. After a long time, the abdominal pain gradually stopped. She told her husband about it, and Hua Tuo knew that he had really wronged Peony.
Later, Hua Tuo made a detailed experiment on Paeonia lactiflora, and found that it can not only stop bleeding and promote blood circulation, but also relieve pain, nourish and regulate menstruation.
Peony is a pet in spring. Why do you envy peony?
-Appreciation of Peony Poetry (1)
Chuanxue
At the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the flowers are dying, there is a kind of flower that shines alone, called "Dianchunhua". Paeonia lactiflora is one of the oldest cultivated flowers in China, with a history of nearly 5,000 years. Judging from literary works, Paeonia lactiflora appeared many times in pre-Qin classics, and appeared as a beautiful individual representing love in the first book of poetry in China, which has a beautiful "meaning". Since then, the image of Paeonia lactiflora has gradually formed and developed in literary works, and its "meaning" other than "image" has been constantly enriched and improved, gradually becoming a mature literary image. ? In literary works, peony flowers are always praised by literati from the beauty of material state to the beauty of implication and personality, and are always associated with beautiful things.
In the Book of Songs Zheng Yan, there is a description of "Wei and his daughter, teasing each other and giving them peony". Peony appears in the story of dating between men and women, and it is a gift for each other when dating. So peony conveys love and admiration. Peony represents pure and mysterious love here. This poem laid the emotional tone of peony image and laid the foundation for the later creation of peony theme.
Xie Tiao, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote in his book "Province of Records": "Red medicine should be turned over, and moss should be built on it", which brought the beauty of peony into full play and incorporated its amorous feelings into it, which was praised by literati.
Peony has many colors, such as red, yellow, purple and ink. Most of the peonies in ancient poetry are red, and the red peonies are brightly colored, so they are called "red medicine". Yuan Zhen, a poet in Tang Dynasty, praised the color of peony in Red Peony.
Peony is red, and the palisade is green.
Silk wrinkles the gold core, and high flame is fire.
Carve a red cloud and open a red glow.
The smoke is light and glazed leaves, and the wind is divided into corals. ……
Although it is not as gorgeous as brocade, it is not as peach.
Sunny clouds dare not disperse, worrying about sunset. ……
It means: the red peony flowers are like red silk, and the stamens are made of gold silk. Bonuses are like burning flames. Petals are cut open by red clouds and opened like Xia Hong packages. Brocade and silk can't be compared with it, and peach blossom is not as bright as it is. The rosy clouds all over the sky are also afraid of it, and the sunset is sad to see it. The red color of Paeonia lactiflora is bright but not vulgar and crystal clear, which can bring vitality and rich inner feelings to people. Every May, the flowers are out, but the peony in the wind is particularly enchanting, showing great vitality.
The fragrance of Paeonia lactiflora is elegant, if there is anything, it gives people a fresh and pleasant feeling. Peony has huge flowers. Because it is a herbaceous plant, the flowers mostly bloom at the top of the rhizome, the stems are thin and the flowers are big and swaying, so it is also called "boneless flower". Combined with its gorgeous or elegant colors and faint fragrance, this exquisite beauty, like a weak woman, has been inextricably linked with "amorous" since ancient times. Qin Guan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Spring Day:
The light thunder fell all night, and the frivolous tiles were uneven.
Affectionate peony contains spring tears, weak rose lies on the branches.
This poem is about the scenery after the spring rain. After the rain, the morning mist in the courtyard was thin and the tiles were crystal clear. Spring is beautiful. Peony flowers with rain and tears, affectionate; Roses are lying on the branches, delicate and charming. The whole poem is vivid in description and has a fresh and graceful charm. Poets regard peony as a symbol of affection, and the peony in bud is like a weak woman crying, and its affectionate and feminine state is more noticeable.
Zhang Jiuling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, presented peony to Su Ting.
Immortals are forbidden to produce red medicine, but Weifang is not self-sustaining.
Fortunately, due to the clear ground, it is still sunny.
See the name of Tong Junyi and hear the name of Zheng.
If Lone Root is available, it is not direct love for Hanako.
The meaning of the poem is: Paeonia lactiflora has a high attitude and is forbidden by God, so it is forbidden to produce red medicine. Fortunately, she has favorable geographical conditions and sunshine, so she survived. She was listed in Compendium of Scout's Materia Medica and Huangdi's Internal Classic, and her fragrance spread in The Book of Songs Zheng Feng. The root of Paeonia lactiflora can be used as medicine to treat diseases, not just to love her floral fragrance. The poet vividly described the original records of Paeonia lactiflora, its color, fragrance and appearance, showed the external beauty and practical value of Paeonia lactiflora, and euphemistically expressed his ambition to serve the country.
Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, remembered Wang Wei in front of his former residence, and wrote in the book "Peony blossoms in front of Tang Cheng, Wang Weiyou, sad feelings":
Peony flowers grow out of the old column, and the spring shirt covers the tears and then looks at it.
A master doesn't spend time, so it's better to stay cold than a pine tree.
The poet's chanting of Paeonia lactiflora may come from his admiration for the vitality of Paeonia lactiflora or from Wang Wei's appreciation of Paeonia lactiflora. Although Wang Youcheng is no longer alive, the peony in front of his former residence is still open. Besides being sentimental, the poet praised the vitality of Paeonia lactiflora more than the ease of cold resistance. "The master is not in the flower, but in the flower", praising the persistence and belief of Paeonia lactiflora.
Han Yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a Song of Peony:
There are good flowers in the court, and there is no dispute about Chunhua.
Green stem and red core, endowed with force of nature, do not belong to Huang Zhong's family.
Warm, mature, beautiful, fresh and fragrant, like to laugh without saying a word, learn from a gentleman.
Frost knife makes the goddess work hard, so why bother to bow down and learn from peaches and plums.
The innocent handmaid has no spirituality, so she came here with a spring shirt.
I want to wipe my cheeks red and the green windows on the bronze mirror everywhere.
A statue of spring wine, so sweet that no one knows.
Chu Guang teenager Han retired as a drunken singer.
In the poem, peony is known as a "good flower", which blooms in late spring and no other flowers and trees can compete with it. Green stems and red cores are masterpieces given by heaven. Paeonia lactiflora is colorful, beautifully shaped and unique in nature. It was cut by a goddess, which is naturally different from other flowers. Peony insists on self. "Why do you bow your head and learn from peaches and plums?" The poet rewarded the peony with wine and lamented that "the joy of the father-in-law is unknown." The poet praised the character of Paeonia lactiflora, which is indifferent to fame and fortune and does not strive for the spring breeze, and showed its mind of sticking to ethics and not learning worldly things.
Han Yu also wrote a poem "Peony"
That magnificent fragrance is unprecedented, with red light flashing green light.
Feeling lonely and scared, how heavy is it to be in the fairy palace?
The peony planted in the poem shows its vigorous vitality, beautiful form, rich fragrance, vitality and awe-inspiring posture.
The Peony by Wang Zhenbai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty;
Peony is the favorite of spring, and I never envy peony.
Wheat autumn can last for several days, but Grain Rain is only slightly cold.
Jealousy is frequent, and my makeup is exposed.
Hibiscus Huan gauze companion, long hate the waves.
In the poem, the peony is in full bloom. Although it is the spring scenery of the temple, when did you envy the peony? The poem praises the beauty of peony, even the wind is jealous, and the frost dew is envious. This poem depicts a picture of peony blooming alone in the spring breeze. Peony does not envy peony, nor does it pursue fame and fortune. It used to be friends with the noble lotus, and its mood was very cheerful.
Look at "Peony" by Shi Shu, a poet in Song Dynasty;
Frost knife is also difficult to cut, red smoke and purple blue.
Step by step, the clothes float with Xia Pei, and the beams are crowned.
He couldn't smile when he took office, but he still looked down.
Rooting can also alleviate people's diseases. I believe there is no peony.
At the beginning of the poem, the beauty of peony is praised, which is an unparalleled natural beauty that the fairy in the sky can't cut. Its color is ruddy, like red dew and purple smoke. Its posture is swaying, like a fairy descending to earth. "He couldn't laugh when he was in office, but he still looked affectionate in front of the lamp", which linked the attitude of Paeonia lactiflora with "sentimentality". The last sentence praised the medicinal value of Paeonia lactiflora, but also implied that Paeonia lactiflora was more valued than Paeonia suffruticosa.
Mei, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "There are wine table guests on the Yangle Road, and yellow and red peony heads";
Luoyang peony, Jiangdu peony.
For the rich, selling is fun; for tourists, buying is fun. ……
The poet puts forward that peony is owned by the rich, but peony is more approachable, conforms to the public aesthetic, and brings a lot of joy and beauty to people's daily life.
Peony is often used as a symbol of love in ancient poetry. Joe, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Going down the mountain to see the old gentleman":
I was unlucky and abandoned the south corner of the city.
I hate peony in front of the court, and I pick weeds on the mountain.
, wan skirt, zero dew wet.
Looking forward to a haggard day, I will go to see my wife with a cage.
This poem is about a woman who met her ex-husband who abandoned her on the way down the mountain and felt a lot of emotion in her heart. Mindful of the miserable situation after being abandoned, I happened to meet an ungrateful person and felt ashamed when I was haggard and falling apart. The "peony" in the poem refers to oneself, and it is also used to describe the love between oneself and her ex-husband, which is gone forever. "Wu Hong" refers to her ex-husband's new love. The peony here symbolizes the beautiful feelings of vows of eternal love and the young and beautiful face of the woman, but this love was rejected by her ex-husband, and she went to Shan Ye to look for fresh "weeds".
The poem "Clouds in Four Gardens of Bamboo" by Yang Zemin, a poet in Song Dynasty;
It's raining in the sunset hall, and the air enters the window leaves. Fallen leaves fall on the well road, cold bricks call flies, and autumn colors are full of screens. Luo sleeve hurriedly said goodbye, desolate in the guest, but knowing each other is more in a foreign land. Read Yiqi. At that time, peony was United, but it was a good time. Until the golden wind comes and the red leaves fall. Write love stories in detail. Why use paper? However, I'm afraid the leaves will become thinner in late autumn.
The whole word is a sad and bitter tone. Shang Kun described that in late autumn, the poet living in a foreign land was lonely and helpless, and his heart was desolate and he missed his old friend. In the afternoon, the poet recalled the love in his heart. "At that time, the peony was United, but it was a good time." The peony here is concentric, referring to the love agreement between men and women. Peony is still a token of emotion and a symbol of love here. Unfortunately, at that time, the "Peony Covenant" was gone, which was difficult to express for a while, and autumn was also deep.
Peony stems are slender, green leaves and red flowers, swaying in the wind and swaying, which is very similar to women's charm. In ancient poetry, peony is often compared with women to express some feelings.
Let's look at Meng Jiao's Looking at Flowers in the Tang Dynasty:
Every family has peonies. Be gentle.
Gentle woman, red smile endlessly.
Under the moonlight, the branches of Chu Yan float.
There are immortals in the cave, and they walk gracefully at night. ……
The whole poem is long, 36 sentences, and the first eight sentences are excerpted. The poem not only describes peony as gentle as a woman, gorgeous and moving, but also describes peony as a "fairy in a cave" with graceful charm and ethereal whereabouts. Expressed the poet's love for peony.
Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "When the cursive character first met the peony, he thought that a poem was incomplete and occasionally became sixteen rhymes because he recited the medicine":
Stop grass and purple mud and sing red medicine poems.
After the prefix is sealed, when it blooms.
Sitting on the hook curtain for a long time will leave late.
Two or three clusters are rotten and twelve leaves are uneven.
The back of the house is slightly gathered, and the steps are like flowers.
Draw blue strands and throw yellow silk at the powder core.
Unlimited anxiety, low exhaustion.
It is more difficult to look back on a week than to speak in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Leakage of cinnabar, spare the flame flag.
Hongyun has roots, crimson flowers owe tassels.
The situation is sunny, charming and lingering.
Suspicion is like tears and rouge.
Deliberately dawdle on me, have nothing to complain about.
Worrying about the sunset is like hating the coming year.
Mud is connected with calyx, and roses are thorns around branches.
There is no winner in the same amount, only eyes and hearts.
This poem was written by the poet when he recited Xie Tiao's phrase "Red medicine should be turned over" in the Southern Dynasties, thinking that this sentence failed to fully describe the state of peony. In poetry, the poet depicts peony as a woman. Using anthropomorphic techniques, the peony was vividly described from three aspects: shape, color and rhyme. "Unlimited uneasiness, low exhaustion" not only describes the emotional meaning of Paeonia lactiflora, but also depicts a feminine and powerless woman image, which shows the charm of Paeonia lactiflora to the fullest.
Re-reading the Peony with the Lip of Dianjiang by the Song Dynasty poet Wang;
Be close to the waiter and smile at people. Peony floats in the rain and is the master of the pack.
Soft and sweet, cut and dyed. Go in the morning, sing and dance among the flowers, and learn a crazy Han Yu.
The poet praised Paeonia lactiflora as "soft and fragrant" and described the characteristics of women. Also praised its "cutting goddess", which means that the shape and color of peony are extraordinary, but the fairy's careful cutting and smudging are natural. This has injected a bit of fairy spirit into the image of Paeonia lactiflora, further rendering the spiritual temperament of Paeonia lactiflora different from ordinary flowers.