There are three main schools of Christianity: Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity and Protestantism.
In the 5th century AD, the Orthodox Church began to spread between Bulgarians and Slavs.
..... Constantine IV attacked Bulgaria immediately after his victory, but he was defeated. Therefore, we must recognize Bulgaria's national status. After that, he turned to the solution of Christian problems. He knew that only internal stability could enable him to recover the territories of the Balkans and Asia Minor. Therefore, he presided over the sixth Christian Grand Council, which eased the tension with the western Roman church. Soon after, Constantine IV died in September 685, and his son Justinian II succeeded him (Justinian II, 685-695, 705-7 1 1). The child is not clever enough to play tricks. He is not a suitable emperor, but he has good luck. After he succeeded to the throne, Arabs began to fight with each other because of the caliph's inheritance right, so they made up with Byzantium again. Armenia will no longer be attacked; Cyprus is under the control of two countries; Most importantly, Arabs also pay tribute to Byzantium every year. Peace in the East is a godsend, giving Emperor Justinian II a chance to show his talents. From 688 to 689, he tried to wage a war on the pretext that the annual tribute promised to Bulgaria by his father Constantine IV was no longer valid and could not be fulfilled. March to defeat the Slavs. Slaoui's territory is the southern border of Bulgaria. This blow meant declaring war on Bulgaria, and the Bulgarians failed to stop it from defending effectively. The reason is that AS baruch is terminally ill. In 690, the Byzantine army completely defeated the Bulgarian army, and some Slavs were subordinate to the Byzantine side. They were transferred to Pushkin Military Region and Bisenena Province and assimilated by Byzantines. Bulgaria did not dare to retaliate. ...
The pace of time gradually reached 800 AD, and a great event happened in this year. That is to say, on February 25th, 65438800, the Pope crowned Charlemagne in St Peter's Cathedral in Rome. As a result, Christianity began to split, and the East and West in Europe also began to split. Since then, Eastern Europe and Western Europe have embarked on different development paths. Why is this happening? Let's talk about the movement of destroying icons first.
(a) A campaign to destroy idols
The movement of destroying images is an important event in Byzantine history, which has an important influence on Byzantine politics and military affairs in the future. It was a movement initiated by Byzantine religious groups in the 8th-9th century to prohibit people from worshipping idols. In fact, it is more clear that this is a power grab movement, that is, the Byzantine monarch seized the rights of the church. It was initiated by Leo III (7 17-74 1) in 726 AD, and ended with the Regent Queen odola's objection to the "Nicea" that destroyed the icon in Michael III (842-867) in 843 AD.
1. the cause of the movement to destroy idols
The reasons for this movement are very complicated and can be summarized into three aspects: religious factors, political factors and economic factors. Let's analyze them one by one.
(1) religious factors
This factor is the most important and fatal factor. First of all, because Byzantium is located at the intersection of three major religions (Christianity, Judaism and Islam), if the country wants to be stable, it must accommodate all religions and make their communication without obstacles, but many teachings of Christianity are unacceptable to people of other religions. For example, idolatry is such a problem. Secondly, it is the "purification" of Christianity. Byzantine rulers believed that it was clearly recorded in the Bible that no idols should be worshipped except God, but Byzantium was full of people who worshipped all kinds of idols. Those people think that there are great plagues, earthquakes, Arab invasions, Bulgarian invasions and so on because of idolatry. The worship of natural idols has become the target of public criticism. Thirdly, it is the "doctrine" of Christianity, which perfectly replaces the "polytheism" with "monotheism", and the "trinity" theology of redemption has also been established. Because of this, priests began to persecute pagans and unbelievers. However, this problem has a long history, but it just broke out at this time. I said it before, so I won't go into details here.
(2) Political factors
I think this can actually be attributed to "the personal factors of the Emperor". Why do I say that? Mainly because I found out that Leo III was born in Germanic Nicchia, just at the intersection of Christianity and Islam. The teachings of Islam are deeply rooted in people's hearts, while Islam opposes idolatry. Leo received a lot of education in this field in his childhood, which will naturally show up in his later political career, that is to say, he will do what Christians don't do and what Muslims will do. Such things happened in his emperor's career, such as the destruction of icons and the compilation of legal manuals. The first law to destroy icons was promulgated in 723 by the Arab caliph Jazid (720-724), and its main contents were exactly the same as Leo's. Is this coincidence or necessity? The other is about the unity of politics and religion. It is clearly that Leo wants to take away the right to teach, in fact, it is more accurate to say that he wants to integrate politics with religion! In this way, the emperor has the right to convene Christian meetings, make a final ruling on church issues, and appoint and dismiss church staff at will. This is not the integration of politics and religion. What is this? !
1946 September 15 "Bulgarian People's Republic" was proclaimed; 1990165438+1October 15 changed the country name to "Bulgarian * * * People's Republic of China (PRC)".
At present, 38% of Bulgarians believe in Christianity and Protestantism, 26.5% in Orthodox Church and 0.6% in Islam. They are afraid of "13" and "Friday". It is believed that "13" is an evil god, and it will be even more terrible if "Friday" meets "13", because it symbolizes the impending disaster. They attach great importance to good manners and are particularly afraid of people chewing food while eating. It is very indecent to think that this is disgraceful. They don't want to talk about domestic political and social conditions when chatting with guests.
What you see here is specific.
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