Dante alighieri Dante (1265- 132 1) is the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era. Dante was declared a permanent exile at the age of 37, and later died in a foreign land. At the age of nine, she met her eternal lover, and then Pai Yaqi, 24, became the source of Dante's future creation. Divine Comedy is Dante's immortal masterpiece.
Dante was born in Florence [Italy], a declining aristocratic family. He was born in 1265, and his date of birth is unknown. According to his own poem, "born under Gemini" should be at the end of May or early June. At the age of five, her biological mother died, her father was her second wife, and her stepmother gave birth to two younger brothers and a younger sister.
Dante's life is not recorded much, but there are many writers, many of whom are unreliable. He may not have received a formal education (some people say he studied in Bologna and Paris), but he learned a lot from many famous friends and teachers, including Latin, Provence and music. When he was young, he may have been a knight and participated in several wars. He/kloc-got married at the age of 0/2, and his wife gave birth to six children for him.
The Dante statue outside the Dante Museum in Florence was divided into two factions in Florence at that time. One is the West Berlin faction loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor, and the other is the Gaelic faction loyal to the Pope. After 1266, due to the powerful influence of the Pope, the Gaelic faction won and exiled the West Berlin faction. Pope Benifas VIII, who was elected in 1294 after Gefei came to power, wanted to control Florence. Some wealthy citizens in the city of hope are unwilling to be controlled by the Pope and split into a "white party", while others have not settled down and hope to turn over and become a "black party" with the help of the Pope. The two factions are fighting again. Dante's family originally belonged to the Gaelic Sect. Dante enthusiastically advocated independence and freedom, so he became the backbone of the white party and was elected as one of the six members of the executive Committee of the highest authority.
130 1 year, the pope sent Carlo di valois, the brother of the French king, to Florence to "reconcile". Suspecting that the trip had another purpose, White sent a delegation headed by Dante to persuade the Pope to take back his life, but it failed. Sure enough, Carlo immediately organized the black party to slaughter the opposition, took control of Florence, and announced the exile of Dante. Once he returns to the city, any Florentine soldier can.
1308, Luxemburg's henry vii was elected as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ready to invade Florence. Dante wrote to him and pointed out the place of attack, so White began to hate Dante. 13 13 Henry died, and Dante's hopes were dashed.
13 15, Florence was in power by soldiers, and it was announced that if Dante was willing to pay a fine, sprinkle dust on his head and hang a knife around his neck, he could return to China for a week without guilt. Dante wrote back and said, "This method is not the way for me to return to China! If I damage Dante's reputation, I will never set foot in Florence again! Can't I enjoy the light of the sun, moon and stars elsewhere? If I don't bow and scrape to the people of Florence, can't I get in touch with the precious truth? To be sure, I don't worry about having no bread! "
When Dante was exiled, he lived in several cities in Italy, and some recorded that he had been to Paris. He used his works to dispel homesickness, and wrote down all benefactors and enemies in his masterpiece Divine Comedy, mocking the Pope. He arranged his unrequited love object, a beautiful woman named Bayar, to the highest level in heaven. She died at the age of 25.
Dante died in 132 1 and in Lavoine, in the northeast of Italy.
Dante's works are basically written in Tuscany dialect of Italy, which played a considerable role in the formation of modern Italian language based on Tuscany dialect, because apart from Latin works, only Dante was the first person in ancient Italy to write in a living language, and his works played a considerable role in the formation of Italian literary language, so they also played a leading role in the Renaissance.
Photo: 2e ita.png
Italy's famous works such as Dante's on the euro are:
Love poem "New Life"
Philosophical poetry banquet
Lyrics "Poems"
The long poem "divine comedy"
Latin article "On common sayings"
Political paper "On the Kingdom"
Latin poem "Pastoral"
Dante's letters
Divine Comedy represents the highest achievement of medieval literature. The emergence of such an epoch-making masterpiece is inseparable from the social situation in Italy at that time, the poet's profound knowledge and unique personal experience.
Dante lived in a different era from the beginning of the century, when European society developed relatively slowly, industry and commerce were extremely underdeveloped, and Christianity completely monopolized ideology. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Genoa, Venice, Florence, Milan and other places in northern Italy became the richest areas in Europe due to the vigorous development of maritime trade and industry and commerce.
Dante was born in a noble family in Florence, and his father had been in business for a long time because of his poor family. At that time, there were Kipling Party which supported the Pope on behalf of the feudal nobles, and Guelph Party which supported the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and represented the interests of the bourgeoisie. Dante's father naturally supported the Guelph Party, and Dante himself later became one of the party's leaders.
Dante studied Latin, rhetoric, poetics and classical literature systematically under the famous scholar Brunetto Latini in his early years, and spoke highly of the great Roman poet Virgil. In the fields of painting and music, Dante is also accomplished. In addition, Dante studied theology and philosophy very carefully, and the thoughts of the ancient godfather Saint Augustine had a great influence on him.
As early as his youth, Dante joined the Guelph Party with full political enthusiasm, devoted himself to the struggle against feudal nobles and participated in the battle to crush Kipling Party. After the Guelph Party came to power in Florence, Dante was elected as the chief executive of the city. The party later split into black party and white party. Dante belongs to a white party and opposes the Pope's interference in Florence. Together with the French army, the Pope supported the Black Party to defeat the White Party in 1302, seized power and began to purge the members of the White Party. Dante was confiscated of all his property and sentenced to life in exile. It was not until the guest died in Lavaine that he returned to his hometown.
Some scholars have compared Dante with Qu Yuan in China, saying that Qu Yuan was exiled and endowed with Li Sao, and Dante was exiled before The Divine Comedy. If the spiritual realm of the two poets keeps rising in the process of being displaced, and they are worried about the country and the people, then this comparison is meaningful. Twenty years' exile has made Dante have a deeper understanding of the reality of Italian society, and gradually integrated his destiny into deep thinking about the future of the nation.
In the first few years of exile, Dante wrote two books, Banquet (1304- 1307) and On Common sayings. The former hopes to use morality and knowledge to eliminate conflicts and attacks between polis and factions within polis. The latter refutes the tendency to emphasize only Latin and despise Italian. This not only shows that Dante transcends narrow partisanship and thinks about national reality and future with rational consciousness, but also shows that he attaches importance to national language and culture, which is of far-reaching significance to the development of Italian literature.
Dante has the tenderness and passion of a poet and the sharpness and wisdom of a scholar. He was one of the most outstanding linguists at that time, and also a politician surfing in the torrent of the times, which was the basis for the publication of the profound divine comedy.
The Divine Comedy (1307-1321) is a long poem written by Dante during his fourteen years in exile, formerly known as Comedy. In the Middle Ages, people interpreted "comedy" differently from today, which meant a story with a happy ending. After 1555, people added the modifier "sacred" before the original title, which not only expressed their reverence for the poet, but also implied the solemn and profound theme and lofty artistic conception of the poem. In China, the title was translated into Divine Comedy.