1. Understand Du Fu's life and its influence on poetry creation.
2. Master the basic methods of poetry appreciation.
3. Appreciate the artistic features of blending scenes and majestic weather.
4. Feel the poet's deep pain and anxiety.
Learning hypothesis
1. Strengthen reading training, so that students can feel the sad atmosphere of the picture and the poet's deep anxiety through chanting.
2. Scene reproduction. Stimulate students' creative imagination, reproduce the vast scene of Qiu River and the image of the lyric hero, and understand the thoughts, feelings and artistic characteristics of this poem through re-creation.
Teaching hours count as one class hour.
Writing background
This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is located on the bank of the Yangtze River, at the mouth of Zhuantang Canyon. It is famous for its fast water, strong wind and many apes. This poem expresses not only the poet's personal misfortune. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took advantage of the gap and competed for territory with each other, causing social unrest and people's livelihood. In this case, the poet had to go on? Wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth? . His depression was caused by many factors, including the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of his friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu. In order to get rid of the depression that is always on his mind like a thick cloud, he came to power in spite of illness, but the bleak Jiangxia autumn scenery added new worries to him.
Teaching step
First, the introduction of new courses: (projection screen)
(Music begins) The tone is low, the speech speed is slow, and the mood is full. ) 1200 years ago, it was an autumn, around the Double Ninth Festival in early September. Kuizhou, by the Yangtze River. The wind blew so hard that the trees along the river withered. Leaves are flying in the sky, and the mountains are covered with rotten and yellow leaves. The river is tumbling and rushing forward. In the cold wind, there are several lonely birds hovering. From time to time in the distance, there were several calls of apes. At this time, an old man went up the mountain. He is in rags, his eyes are cloudy and his face is unkempt. The old man staggered and stumbled. He has been plagued by diseases, including lung disease, malaria and rheumatism. Has it started already? The right arm is withered and the ear is half deaf? .
The Double Ninth Festival is a festival for climbing and praying. However, the old man's life is bumpy and poor, and it seems that he has reached the winter of his life. Moreover, at this time, the country is in a state of war, and he is far away from his hometown and wandering alone.
Facing the Wan Li River, lonely birds and decaying dead trees, the old man was filled with all kinds of worries? Singing loudly: in the wild wind in the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bitter and bitter, frosty temples, heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
Yes, so let's approach the old man and his life today and enjoy the famous poem "Climbing the Mountain" (projection project) that he left us more than 200 years ago.
Let's read it again with the music! (Music begins)
Second, guide reading.
Reading is the key to learning poetry. Reading can better understand the theme of poetry, understand the feelings that poets want to express, and appreciate poetry better.
So how can we read better? (Projection reading essentials)
1, rational grasp: to understand the author of the poem and understand the connotation of the poem, we must go into the author's heart, write as he looks, and say as he looks.
2. Emotional expression: pronunciation, intonation, expression, movement and music.
Third, appreciate the text.
1. Appreciation of the first couplet-? In the wild wind in the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach?
This poem begins with six kinds of scenery: wind, sky, ape, bamboo, sand and birds. Separate use? What's the hurry? Qing? White? Fly back? To describe. Write six kinds of scenery in fourteen words, which is extremely concise.
The strong wind makes people feel very cold. Both physically and mentally. But more importantly, it is spiritual.
The sky is very high, which makes people in the world look very small and lonely.
It is very sad to hear the cry of an ape.
Birds can be birds that can't find food. Because it is late autumn, there is little food. It can also be a bird that can't find a home. It is wandering around, looking for its own nest. It may also be a bird that has lost contact with the flock. When appreciating, we should dare to expand our imagination and use our imagination to fill the blank left by poetry. In a word, is this a happy bird? This is a lonely and poor bird.
We can't imagine it is a happy bird, we can only think of it as one, not many. This is because we are all imagining Du Fu's situation at the moment. At this point, Du Fu is wandering alone.
2. appreciate the couplets-? Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward?
The jaw association only wrote two kinds of scenery: fallen trees and the Yangtze River. From falling trees to missing trees, from trees and people, we should still associate Du Fu's current situation. Du Fu must have thought he was like a tree when he saw the fallen leaves. He is very old. People arrive in the late autumn of life. Life is short. It's a hundred years in a flash. Du Fu was born in 7 12, died in 770, and lived for 58 years. When he wrote this poem, he was 55 years old in 767, three years before his death.
What if? Falling trees and rustling? If there is a feeling that life is short, then? Endless Yangtze River? And then what?
It should be the infinity of time and the endless sense of the long river of history. ? The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. ? Summarize the meaning of these two sentences, compare and set off. The shorter a person's life, the longer history and time appear. Or conversely, the longer history and time, the shorter life. ? Life? , refers to a person's life. Life is a hundred years, and mountains and rivers last forever.
In the second sentence, Du Fu felt a little helpless in the face of endless history. There is also a great momentum. But at the same time, as a realistic poet and a broad-minded intellectual, he is helpless and can't understand the shortness of life, and he doesn't want to violate the laws of nature and pray for immortality. He knows that no matter when people live, they will inevitably die. This is an inevitable law. Therefore, he feels open-minded, magnanimous and open-minded.
Do you like these necklaces? Wan Li, a frequent visitor in autumn, climbed to this height alone with my century-old sorrow?
? Guest? What about now? Guest? Is it different here? Guest? It means living in a foreign country Du Fu here means wandering in another country, wandering in another country. Moreover, Du Fu was in a period of war. This is long-term and continuous. ? Often? From being a guest at the age of 48 to his death at the age of 58, Du Fu drifted away 1 1 year. It is the eighth year since I wrote this poem. What does it mean to be on stage? Being on stage is the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. Why did the ancients come to power? Pray for longevity. The whole family went on stage together, but what about Du Fu? I am alone, and the position of the stage is usually in my hometown. Where's Du Fu? It was the sad autumn when I left home in Wan Li. Being a guest and going on stage are already two floors? Worried? , is double sorrow. Think about it, it's already six stories when you stack it up like this. Think further, Du Fu has been on stage for a hundred years.
? A hundred years? , that is, old, dragging the sick body, this is eight layers of sorrow.
4. appreciate the couplets-? Bad luck has frosted my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine?
What is the most fundamental reason for Du Fu's sadness? The national disaster is at the head, and war has been going on for years. Because of hardship, pain and hatred, my temple is gray. What do you mean by suffering? I hate it when the country is in a difficult situation. I am old and my temples are gray. Bitterness means extreme. This shows Du Fu's concern for the country and people. Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country and let go of the war, but he was too old and ill to contribute to the country. It's a worrying emotion, anxiety. Anxiety, only white hair, frosty temples. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. ? Difficult? It not only refers to national difficulties, but more importantly, personal difficulties. Because Du Fu is already? A hundred years? That is, he is old and sick all over. He estimated that he might not live long, so Du Fu was more concerned about his hard life. Wandering, bumpy? Almost always accompanied Du Fu's life. There are both national difficulties and personal sufferings, both of which exist. He is worried about his country, his people and his health. One of Du Fu's unique features should be emphasized, that is, many intellectuals in ancient times often used it? If you are rich, you will help the world, but if you are poor, you will be immune to it. As a code of conduct, Du Fu ignored poverty and helped the world.
Du Fu loves drinking. This is not the first time that we have written about drinking in Du Fu's poems. Can you give some examples of drinking? On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. ? What's in Du Fu's poem Nine Days? Chongyang drank the wine in a cup alone and went to the river to go on stage when he was sick? . Du Fuke also drinks, and troubles also drink. In China, it seems that only wine can fully express feelings of joy or change. And it's the Double Ninth Festival, and I'm used to drinking chrysanthemum wine. But old people can't drink. Because he has a variety of diseases, such as lung disease, he quit drinking because of illness, and because of poverty, he may not be able to drink. Only by drinking can we at least dispel some melancholy emotions. But you can't drink. How can we get rid of this melancholy? How can it be alleviated? You can only relax at the end of the poem and in the heart of Du Fu.
Emotional suggestion:
The first couplet is sad and lonely.
Couplets are gloomy and lofty.
The neck and joints are sad and painful.
Tai Lian is worried and helpless.
Compare appreciation
"Qiu Xing? One is Du Fu's later works. Written in the first year of Dali (AD 766) and the second year of Dali (AD 767) respectively, the author was in Kuizhou. During the one or two years in Kuizhou, the author created many poems that have been handed down through the ages. In addition to single poems such as Eight Arrays of Mountaineering, there are many groups of poems such as Eight Poems in Autumn, Five Poems of Places of Interest and Five Poems in September. During my stay in Kuizhou, the author's life is coming to an end. Although this period? An Shi rebellion? It has been three or four years, but local warlords have taken the opportunity to compete for territory with each other, and society is in chaos. In this case, will he continue? Wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth? ("Huaibei? 1), in? When is the year of reunification? ("quatrains? Second, struggling with a sigh. The hardships of the times, the hardships of the family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions are all like heavy clouds, which are always on his mind. He can only use poetry to dispel the depression and sadness in his heart.
"Qiu Xing? One is the first of eight songs. Poem couplet, cut to the chase, write autumn scenery. ? Yulu (White Deer)? Fenglin? Angry komori? Point out the support of autumn prosperity, because of autumn prosperity, feelings Repeatedly? Jian Jiang? It refers to the martial arts. Stuffed? Borrowing frontier fortress refers to the area around Beijing. ? Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog. It is pointed out that the author is in Wuxia and misses the capital, and the momentum is very magnificent by analogy from near to far. ? Waves? Next? Jintian? ,? Fengyun? Speaking of grounding gas in the sky, I try my best to describe the gloomy and bleak scene of autumn with complementary sentences, which sets off the author's depressed mood. Neck chain? Will Cong Ju's tears come to him tomorrow? It is pointed out that I have been in Kuizhou for two years. Seeing chrysanthemums in full bloom twice, I was filled with thoughts and tears. ? Lonely boat is the heart of home? It shows that the author is wandering abroad, has a difficult home, and is stranded in a boat, so he misses his hometown for a long time. Does the author have a poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" in Dali three years (AD 768)? I'm old and sick, alone with my boat? , visible? Alone boat? As the wandering image of the author, it is difficult to return home, and the soul is alone. Who knows its horror (the author died in a boat on Xiangjiang River in the fifth year of Dali in 770 AD). Tail joint? Knife ruler? It is to make cold clothes, emphasizing that it is already cold. Anvil? That is, the sound of catching clothes at dusk. The last two sentences are closely related. Knife ruler? Anvil? These two phrases connected by sounds are exaggerated, further highlighting the author's anxiety about going home. In addition, the words in the poem are full of duality and puns. Waves? 、? Fengyun? 、? Two? 、? A series? 、? Urged? 、? Urgent? And so on, there are feelings and scenes, colorful, near and far, high and low, like martial arts to control water, sometimes hovering down, sometimes rushing forward, and gathering with Du Fu's own surging thoughts, poetic and picturesque is very moving.
"Qiu Xing? 1. There are many similarities in writing between Ascending the Mountain and Ascending the Mountain: First, both poems have strong sentimental complex. Things are hard, it's a national tragedy to wash one's dirty linen in public, and Wan Li is sad for autumn, old and sick, all of which are filled with sorrow between the lines, making a mourning through the ages.
Secondly, in terms of structural disposition, both the first couplet and the couplet of the two poems try their best to describe Qiu Jingtu, creating a sad and sad atmosphere, making the lyric behind it logical, pushing down the scene as the emotional basis, and feeling as the scene, which is natural and shows a wonderful idea.
Thirdly, judging from the choice of words and sentences, both poems are models of regular poems, neat and full of situations. It is especially obvious in the epiphany and necklaces of the two poems. Such as "Qiu Xing? First, couplets? Waves between rivers? Right? Trapped in the clouds? ,? And the sky is surging? Right? Grounding yin? , neckline? Two open? Right? Single boat series 1? ,? Tears tomorrow? Right? Hometown thinking? ""couplets climb high? Endless? Right? Endless? ,? Xia Xiaoxiao? Right? Rolling in? , neckline? Wan Li mourns autumn? Right? Sick for over a hundred years? ,? Regular customers? Right? Alone on stage? .
Of course, there are many differences between the two poems, such as emotional expression, meter, and especially emotional tone. The sentimental atmosphere in Autumn is too strong, and the realm is not as magnificent as that in Mountaineering House. The first poem in Autumn Xing has a low tone. Withered? Angry komori? Is the embodiment of it, and "climbing" just points out? The wind is urgent? The sky is high? The bird flew back? . On the realm, although there is autumn? Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog. , Dan and climbing the mountain villa? Leaves keep falling along the Yangtze River like a waterfall. ? Compared with it, it is still a little inferior.