1. "Qinyuan Spring Snow" (words): Author: Mao Zedong, courtesy name Runzhi, pen name Ziren. The leader of the Chinese people, a Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionist, strategist, militarist, thinker and theorist, the main founder and leader of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Republic of China Man, poet, calligrapher. Qinyuanchun, the name of the brand. Divide into two pieces. The first part describes the snowy scenery of the North and shows the magnificence of the motherland's mountains and rivers; the second part laments the magnificence of the motherland's mountains and rivers, introduces heroes, discusses the heroes of the past dynasties, and expresses the poet's great ambition.
2. "Yu Shuo" (new free-style poem): Author: Zheng Chouyu, a Taiwanese poet. The famous work "Mistake". Taiwanese poet, formerly known as Zheng Wentao, published poetry collections such as "On the Dream Land", "Mantle", "Slave Girl outside the Window", "Zheng Chouyu's Collected Poems", "Embroidery Ballads", etc. In 1949, he printed his first poetry collection "Straw Shoes and the Raft" at his own expense. The expression skills and techniques of his poems are modern, and the depth of emotion in his poems is the profound traditional Chinese humanistic spirit. "Speaking of Rain" is the poet Zheng Chouyu's personified image of spring rain, full of "loving" expressions to the children living on the land of China. It is a touching love song sung by the poet's heart.
3. "Star Variations" (Misty Poetry) Author: Jiang He, formerly known as Yu Youze, is one of the representative poets of Misty Poetry. Representative works include: "Monument" and "The Sun and Its Reflection". This poem shows the deviation between reality and ideals, shows the poet's desire for light, and expresses the ideal that the poet persistently pursues in reality.
4. "The Grasshopper and the Cricket" (Pastoral Poetry): Author: Keats, a British Romantic poet. "The Grasshopper and the Cricket" describes the "music of the grasshopper" in midsummer and the "song of the cricket" in winter, showing the scene of nature's continuous singing throughout the year, and praising the nature that is always singing and always full of vitality. The eternal beauty expresses the poet's love and praise for nature.
5. "Night" (Pastoral Poetry): Author: Yesenin, Russian poet. Representative works: "The Day of the Transfiguration", "The Promised Land", "Doves on the Jordan", "The Drummers of Heaven". The short poem "Night" focuses on showing the tranquility and beauty of night, conveying the poet's love for nature and his comfortable and peaceful state of mind.
6. "Dedication and Happy Industry" (Argumentative Essay): Selected from "The Ice Drinking Room Collection". Author: Liang Qichao, courtesy name Zhuoru, also known as Ren Gong, also known as the owner of the ice drinking room, a native of the Qing Dynasty. Representative figure and scholar of modern China's reformists. Together with Kang Youwei, he led the "1898 Reform Movement". His works are compiled into "The Collection of Drinking Ice Room". This article demonstrates that the four words "dedication and contentment" are the only way to live human life.
7. "Speech to Commemorate the Centenary of the Death of Voltaire" (Speech): Author: Hugo, leader of the French "Romanticism" literary movement in the 19th century, a representative figure of "humanism", and was Known as the "Shakespeare of France", his representative works include: the novels "Notre Dame de Paris", "Les Misérables", "1993", and the short story "The Disaster of the Normandy". This speech is a lofty tribute to the ancestors of mankind, a passionate praise of the power of thought and personality, and a cry for justice and conscience that human society always needs.
Voltaire: French Enlightenment thinker, writer, and philosopher. He emphasized freedom and equality. His representative works include: "Philosophical Correspondence" and "Treatise on Metaphysics".
8. "Two Letters from Fu Lei's Family" (letters): Selected from "Letters from Fu Lei's Family". Author: Fu Lei, translator. Literary critic. These two family letters were written respectively when his son was depressed and depressed and when he was happy about his success. They expressed Fu Lei's profound understanding of life and his high expectations for his son from two aspects; they showed Fu Lei's love for his son in two different styles. Deep affection, and a true feeling for the art of music.
9. "Letter to My Daughter" (Letter): Selected from "Thoughts on Love". Author: Suhomlinsky, Soviet educational practitioner and educational theorist. Representative works: "One Hundred Suggestions for Teachers" and "Dedicate Your Whole Heart to Children". This lesson explains that time and life are the greatest tests of love: only loyalty that can withstand the test of time and spiritual remembrance that can transcend death can be worthy of being called true love.
10. "Hometown" (novella): Selected from "The Scream". Author: Lu Xun. modern writer. A great writer, thinker and revolutionary in our country. His original name was Zhou Shuren, his courtesy name was Hencai, and he was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His representative works include: prose collection "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", prose poetry collection "Weeds", novel collections "Scream" and "Wandering", and he is the author of my country's first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman". He is known as the "Father of Modern Literature" in my country. This article expresses the author's attachment to his hometown, and also shows that after such earth-shaking changes have taken place in his hometown, the author expresses his deep sympathy and emotion for the completely different ways in which his childhood friends and neighbors have been poisoned by feudal ideas.
11. "Journey of Loneliness" is an excerpt from the novel "Thatched Cottage". Author: Cao Wenxuan. Famous contemporary writers. He is the author of the novels "Goats Don't Eat Paradise Grass", "Thatched House" and "Red Tiles". By describing the growth experience of a little boy, the author shows readers the setbacks and tribulations that everyone has learned while growing up, which has certain educational significance.
12. "My Uncle Jules" (short story): Selected from "Ball de Suif".
Author: Maupassant. His full name is Guy de Maupassant, an outstanding French critical realist writer in the second half of the 19th century. His literary achievements are most prominent in short stories, and he is one of the three greatest short story masters in the world, along with Chekhov and O. Henry. They have had a great influence on later generations and are known as the "King of Short Stories." Representative works: "Ball of Suet" and "Necklace". It reveals the cowardice and incompetence of the bourgeoisie and how people distorted their ideas because of money at that time. It also strongly satirizes and criticizes the relationship between people where money is the supreme interest.
13. "Voice of the Heart" (children's novel) author: Huang Beijia, a contemporary writer. His debut novel "Make-up Examination", a collection of short and medium stories "By the Water", etc., and the novel "I Want to Be a Good Child" etc. This article reveals some phenomena and problems in current social life and education through the story of middle school student Li Jingjing.
14. "There's More than One Right Answer to Things" (Argumentative Essay), written by Roger Feinger, an American industrialist, scholar, and creative scientist. His representative works include "A Wake-Up Call" and "Creative Solitaire".
15. "There should be a spirit of studying things to gain knowledge" (argumentative essay), author: Ding Zhaozhong, a Chinese-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976. Through this article, the author profoundly exposes the shortcomings of traditional education and also illustrates the importance of attaching importance to the experimental spirit.
16. "Talking about Reading" (argumentative essay): Author: Bacon, British philosopher, writer, and thinker. He is the author of "Essays", "New Tools", etc. An overview of the role of reading reflects the importance of reading. It also advocates science, the progressive ideas of developing science and the progressive slogan of advocating knowledge, and criticizes the decadence of feudal theology.
17. "Not Seeking Deep Understanding" (Argumentative Essay): Selected from "Yanshan Night Talk". Author: Manancun, pen name of Deng Tuo, contemporary writer, essayist, historian, and famous journalist. His representative work is "Yanshan Night Talk". It reflects the importance of reading and also explains the need to read in the correct way.
18. "Have Chinese People Lost Their Self-confidence" (Argumentative Essay): Selected from "Qiejieting Essays". Author: Lu Xun, modern writer. my country's great writer, thinker and revolutionist. His original name was Zhou Shuren, his courtesy name was Hencai, and he was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His representative works include: prose collection "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", prose poetry collection "Weeds", novel collections "Scream" and "Wandering", and he is the author of my country's first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman". He is known as the "Father of Modern Literature" in my country. This work was written by the author to refute the erroneous argument of "pessimistic arguments about the future of the Anti-Japanese War and accuse the Chinese of losing self-confidence" and to encourage national self-confidence.
19. "Outsmarting the Birthday Plan": selected from the second half of the sixteenth chapter of "Water Margin" (a long chapter-length novel). "Water Margin", also known as "Water Margin" and "Water Margin of Loyalty", is one of the four famous works ("Water Margin", "Journey to the West", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Dream of Red Mansions"). It is a novel based on the Songjiang Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. The vernacular novel reflects the heroic battle of wits and courage between ordinary people and the bureaucratic ruling class at that time. Author: Shi Naian, a native of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It tells the story of the battle of wits and courage between Chao Gai, Wu Yong and other reckless heroes and Daming Mansion officer Yang Zhi.
20. "The Death of Yang Xiu": Selected from Chapter 72 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is my country's first full-length chapter novel. It describes the historical story of the Three Kingdoms period and focuses on the political and military struggles between the ruling groups. The world calls it "seven parts historical fact and three parts fiction". Author: Luo Guanzhong, named Guanzhong, nicknamed Huhai Sanren, a novelist in the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.
21. "Fan Jin Passed the Imperial Examination": Selected from "The Scholars", it tells the story of Fan Jin's sudden change in fate, which led to scenes of ironic tragedies and comedies. "The Scholars" is the first full-length satirical novel of the Qing Dynasty in my country. It mainly describes the activities and mental outlook of intellectuals, officials and gentry in the late feudal society. Author: Wu Jingzi, also known as Minxuan, also known as Limin, and in his later years also known as Wenmu Laoren, was a novelist in the Qing Dynasty. He is the author of the novel "The Scholars".
22. "Xiang Ling's Study of Poetry": selected from "A Dream of Red Mansions", which reflects Xiang Ling's strong academic spirit. "A Dream of Red Mansions" (the first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin, and the last forty chapters were continued by Gao E) is the pinnacle of ancient Chinese novels (realism), also known as "The Story of the Stone" and "The Twelve Hairpins of Jinling". The novel is based on the four major families of Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue, and uses the love tragedies of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as clues to describe the rise and fall of Jia Jiarong and Ning's mansions, reflecting the broad social reality of the late feudal society. Author: Cao Xueqin, named Zhan, also named Mengruan, also named Qinpu, also named Xueqin, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty.
23. "The Chen She Family": Selected from "Historical Records: The Chen She Family". This is a biography recording Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the leaders of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. "Historical Records" records more than 3,000 years of history from Emperor Huang to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. It is my country's first biographical general history, with 130 chapters, divided into "this era", "family", "biography", "book" and "table". Lu Xun praised it: "The swan song of historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"." Author: Sima Qian, also known as Zichang, is a historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty.
24. "Tang Ju Fulfills His Mission": Selected from "Warring States Policy? Wei Ce IV", it tells the story of Tang Ju's battle of wits and courage with the King of Qin, showing Tang Ju's awe-inspiring righteousness and unruliness. The commoner spirit of fearing rape.
"Warring States Policy" is a country-specific historical work compiled and edited by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty based on the historical records of the Warring States Period. It has thirty-three chapters, divided into Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, The Twelve Strategies of Wei and Zhongshan record the struggles of counselors and strategists during the Warring States Period and their related plans and speeches.
25. "Longzhong Dui": Selected from "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms? The Chronicles of Shu? The Biography of Zhuge Liang". It tells in the form of a dialogue when Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times. Although Zhuge Liang was in the thatched cottage, he could see thousands of miles away; A long-standing response not only sketched out a strategic blueprint for Liu Bei, but also left a long-lasting historical story for future generations. The 65th volume of "Three Kingdoms" records the history of Wei, Shu and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Author: Chen Shou, courtesy name Chengzuo, a native of the Jin Dynasty and a historian.
26. "Chu Shi Biao": Biao is an ancient style of writing to express love to the emperor. Lu You praised it as "a master who is truly famous in the world. Who can compare with him in a thousand years?". Author: Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, a famous statesman and military strategist of the Three Kingdoms. Through this article, the author uses sincere and euphemistic words to exhort him to open up his words, strictly reward and punish, and keep the virtuous and distant from the necessities, so as to revive the Han Dynasty; he elaborates on the necessity of the Northern Expedition and his expectations for the successor Liu Chan to govern the country. With sincere words, he writes One's own heart of devotion to the country and undying loyalty.
27. "Wang Jiangnan" (words): Author: Wen Tingyun, whose original name is Qi and whose courtesy name is Feiqing. Poet of the late Tang Dynasty. He is also a poet and lyricist and is one of the important writers of the Huajian Ci School. The poem expresses the infatuated woman's longing for her lover and depicts the image of a missing woman, which is sincere and touching.
28. "The Proud Fisherman? Thoughts on Autumn" (words): Author: Fan Zhongyan, courtesy name Xiwen, formerly known as Zhu Shuo. He was a famous official, statesman, writer and military strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the posthumous title "Wenzheng". The author combines direct expression of his feelings with the use of scenery to express the feelings of the border soldiers who have unrealized ambitions and are homesick and worried about their country.
29. "Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Mizhou" (words): Selected from "Dongpo Yuefu Notes". Author: Su Shi. His given name was Zizhan, also given the name Hezhong, and his nickname was "Dongpo Jushi". The world also called him "Su Dongpo". He was a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, lyricist, poet, and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties and a representative of the Bold and Unconstrained poets. His prose is called Ou Su together with Ouyang Xiu; his poems are called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian; his poetry is called Su Xin together with Xin Qiji; his calligraphy is listed as one of the four major calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty: "Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai"; his paintings are pioneers. Huzhou School of Painting. This poem shows the author's patriotic spirit of caring about the fate of the country and wanting to serve the motherland. Its main theme is concentrated in the last sentence: "I will pull the eagle bow like a full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf."
30. "Wulingchun" (Cyrics): Author: Li Qingzhao, a female lyricist of the Song Dynasty's graceful school The person's courtesy name is Yi'an and his nickname is Yi'an Jushi. The whole poem is full of the pain of "things are different and people are not the same." It expresses her longing for her motherland. The ideas are novel and the imagination is rich. The inner activities are outlined through the scenes of late spring, and the depth of sorrow is expressed through the artistic image of a sailing boat carrying no worries. The writing is novel, clever, profound and sad, making it a swan song.
31. "Breaking the array? Compose a strong poem for Chen Tongfu to express it" (ci): Author: Xin Qiji. A patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His original name was Tanfu, which was changed to You'an. His middle-aged name was Jiaxuan, so he called himself "Jiaxuan Jushi". He is a great bold poet, patriot, military strategist and politician in the history of our country. This poem expresses the author's depression and indignation at the failure of his ambitions by describing tragic battle scenes.
1. "I Love This Land": Author: Ai Qing, formerly known as Jiang Haicheng, a native of Jinhua, Zhejiang, a modern poet, his first collection of poems "Dayan River", and his representative work "Dayan River-My Nanny". He is the author of poetry collections "North", "Notice of Dawn", "Song of Return", etc. Understanding of the title: Ai Qing is the singer of the land, and "land" symbolizes the troubled motherland that gave birth to him and raised him. The poet wrote this impassioned poem at the critical moment when the country was in danger and the country was in danger. It expressed his love for the motherland and his hatred of the invaders. Central content: It describes the four objects that birds sing about: land, river, wind, and dawn. The core of them is "land", which expresses the author's unforgettable, sincere and deep love for the motherland, and also expresses the broad masses of people's love for the motherland. The hatred of the invaders.
"Nostalgia": Author: Yu Guangzhong, a Taiwanese poet. He is the author of poetry collections "Zhouzi's Elegy", "Percussion Music", "White Jade Bitter Melon", etc. Understanding of the title: "Nostalgia" is the feeling of deeply missing one's hometown. This is the inner feeling that is most likely to occur among travelers living in a foreign country. Yu Guangzhong's song "Nostalgia" rises from personal thoughts of hometown to thoughts of home and country. Central content: The author pins his nostalgia on relative images in chronological order: stamps, ship tickets, graves, and straits. It expresses the ardent expectations of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait for the early reunification of the motherland.
2. "I use my damaged palm": Author: Dai Wangshu, formerly known as Dai Mengou, a modern poet. His representative works include "My Memory", "Wangshu Grass", "Wangshu Poetry Draft" and "The Years of Disaster" "Rain Lane" and so on. Understanding of the title: "I" refers to the poet himself, and "the damaged palm" is both real and fictitious. It is an image that appears many times in the poem. This poem is a song dedicated to the motherland by the poet under the bars of the invaders. Central content: In his imagination, the poet caressed the land ravaged by the Japanese invaders with his damaged palm, expressing the poet's sorrow and indignation at the dire life of the people in the occupied areas and his deep yearning for the liberated areas.
3. "Motherland, My Dear Motherland": Author: Shu Ting, formerly known as Gong Peiyu, a contemporary female poet. Her representative works include "Brig", "Singing Iris", "Shu Ting's Poems" and " "Ship", "Gift", etc., she is one of the representative poets of the Misty Poetry School in the new era. Stylistic knowledge: Representative figures of the Misty Poetry School include Shu Ting, Gucheng, Jiang He, Bei Dao, etc. Understanding of the title: Facing a motherland that embodies heavy disasters and rebirth, the poet casts the image of "I" in the context of the motherland and expresses the aspirations of this generation.
Central content: The poet melts the individual "I" into the big image of the motherland, reveals the flesh-and-blood connection between "I" and the motherland from different angles, and expresses the poet's strong patriotism and sense of historical responsibility.
4 "Motherland": Author: Lermontov, a 19th-century Russian poet. His works include long poems "Devil" and "Child Monk", script "Masquerade", novel "Contemporary Heroes", etc. Understanding of the title: Lermontov compared his feelings for his motherland to "love" and chose the scenery that best represented the beauty of Russia's mountains and rivers to express his "love" for his motherland. Central content: By laying out the natural scenes of Russia and scenes of people's lives, it expresses the "love" for the motherland.
"Negroes Speak of Rivers": Author: Hughes, a famous American poet, leader of the black Renaissance movement, known as the "Poet Laureate of Harlem". Understanding of the title: The "river" in "Negroes Talk about Rivers" is a highly condensed image that can be understood as a symbol of history. Black people's tracing back to rivers is a search for their ancestors and homeland. Central content: The poet expresses his love for his ancestors and homeland through the black man's tracing back to the river.
5. "Kong Yiji": selected from "The Scream". Author: Lu Xun, whose original name was Zhou Shuren and whose courtesy name was Hencai, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He was a modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionist. The first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman", the collection of novels "Scream" and "Wandering", the collection of essays "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Dusk", the collection of prose poems "Weeds", the collection of essays "Grave" and "The Collection". Stylistic knowledge: Novels, to shape Characters are the centerpiece, and social life is reflected through the narration of storylines and descriptions of the environment. The three elements of a novel include characters, storyline, and environment description. The plot structure of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending. Environment, including social environment and natural environment. Understanding the title: The article is titled with the name of the protagonist of the novel, which indicates that the plot will be developed around this character and the theme will be revealed through the character. And this weird name also corresponds to the character's personality, and it also sets a satirical tone for the article. Central content: This novel, through the description of several tragic life scenes in the second half of Kong Yiji's life, successfully portrays the image of the lower-class intellectuals who were tortured by the imperial examination system in the last days of feudalism, accuses the evils of the feudal system, and reveals the indifference of the people. , a state of numbness.
6. "Puliu Family": Author: Liu Shaotang, a contemporary writer. The style of his works is fresh and simple, the writing is clear and smooth, the description is calm and natural, the structure is simple and complete, and the local color is rich. Understanding of the title: Puliu family originally refers to families who build their houses with cattails and willow branches. Here it refers to ordinary poor farmers. Central content: This article mainly expresses the boldness, fierceness, and love of fighting against injustices of Aunt Yi Zhangqing, as well as the chivalrous and courageous spirit of He Dawen. It is like a vivid genre painting, showing people's noble character.
7. "Chameleon": Author: Chekhov, Russian writer, representative works: the novel "The Man in the Condom", the play "Uncle Vanya", etc. Understanding of the title: The author compares the protagonist of the novel, Police Officer Ochumelov, to a chameleon, indicating that he is a loyal lackey of the tsar who is good at changing the situation, flatters superiors and bullies subordinates, is capricious, and has no shame. Central content: The novel cleverly exposes the reaction and hypocrisy of the Russian police system and criticizes its anti-people behavior by portraying the police officer Ochumelov, a loyal lackey of the Tsarist autocratic rule who adapts to the wind and bullies others. substance.
8. "Love Life": Selected from "Love Life". Author: Jack London, American novelist. Published many short stories, commonly known as "Northern Stories". Understanding of the article title: As long as you don't give up your life easily, you can be reborn no matter how difficult the environment is.
Central content: This article successfully depicts the story of a gold digger who, in a contest with a similarly sick and weak wild wolf, finally killed the wolf and sucked its blood. The image of "this man" facing difficulties and obstacles inspires people: people must fight and fight against all kinds of difficulties and obstacles while living.
9. "Talk about Life": Author: Bing Xin, children's writer. Her real name is Xie Wanying. He is the author of poetry collections "Stars" and "Spring Water". His poetry style is crystal clear, gentle and elegant, and is known as the "Spring Water Body". The prose collections include "For Little Readers", "After Returning", "For Little Readers", "Three Posts for Little Readers", "Ode to Cherry Blossoms", "About Women", etc. His early prose was graceful, elegant, concise and smooth, and was called "Bing Xin Style". Understanding of the title: The author compares life to "a river of spring water" and "a small tree", expressing his unique feelings about life. Central content: This essay uses the metaphors of "a river of spring water" and "a small tree" to reveal the process and general rules of growth, strength, and decline, as well as the will to continue striving for pain and happiness in life. and an open-minded and optimistic spirit.
10 "That Tree": Author: Wang Dingjun, a contemporary Taiwanese author.
His main works include the prose "Three Books of Life", "World Affairs and Chess", "Broken Glass", "Inspiration", etc., and the novels "The Body Temperature of a Bachelor", "Perspective", "The Clock", etc. Understanding of the article title: The tree is the strong one in nature. It provides green shade and shades the land. However, in the process of human civilization, conflicts occurred between man and nature. The tree becomes the encounter of human civilization, showing the contradiction between human development and environmental protection. Central content: This essay describes the story of a big tree that has benefited mankind for many years and was finally cut down by humans. It expresses the author's regret for the fate of the big tree, as well as the pros and cons of the development of urban civilization, and the relationship between man and nature. Deep thoughts and deep emotions.
11. "Thoughts of the Underground Forest": Author: Zhang Kangkang, a contemporary female writer. The first novel "Lamp", the novels "The Dividing Line" and "Invisible Companion", the short stories "The Right to Love" and "Summer", etc. Understanding of the title: The forest written in the article grows in a gloomy, dark and deep canyon, so it is called "underground forest". Duanxiang means fragmented and fragmented thoughts. Although the reflections are fragments, the author feels strongly, explores the theme deeply, contains philosophy, and has the power to move people's hearts. Central content: Faced with the miracle of underground forests created by nature, the author developed rich imagination, used beautiful and vivid language to describe the history of the formation of underground forests, passionately praised the indomitable vitality of underground forests, and expressed his appreciation for the creation of underground forests. The infinite admiration of the forest canyon.
12. "Life": Author: Brandes, Danish literary critic. Author of "Mainstream Literature in the Nineteenth Century".
Central content: The text uses "towers", "burrows", "broad fields" and "workshops" as metaphors to describe different situations in people's life journey from different angles and perspectives, and expresses the author's understanding of human life. The essence of human life, a profound understanding of human social life, and a firm outlook on life and values ??that make a life meaningful.
13. "The Merchant of Venice": Selected from "The Merchant of Venice". Author: Shakespeare, a British dramatist and poet during the Renaissance, Marx called him "the greatest comic genius of mankind". Representative works include: the comedy "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "The Merchant of Venice", "Twelfth Night", the historical drama "Richard III", "Henry IV" and the tragicomedy "Romeo and Juliet". The famous "four great tragedies" are "Hamlet" (also called "The Revenge of the Prince"), "Othello", "Macbeth" and "King Lear". The four great misers: Abagon in Famolière's "The Miser", Grandet in Fabalzac's "Eugénie Grandet", Shylock in Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice", the Russian Plyushkin in Gogol's "Dead Souls".
Cultural knowledge: The composition of dramatic literature. Dramatic literature usually includes two parts: First, the playwright’s stage prompts, which include character lists, time, location, scenery, costumes, props, and the psychological emotions of the characters’ lines, Actions, entrances and exits, etc.; first, the characters' own lines, including dialogue (duet singing), narration (side singing), monologue (solo singing), etc. Literary knowledge: Classification of drama literature (1) According to the performance form, it can be divided into drama (main type), opera, dance drama, etc. (2) According to the nature of the content, it can be divided into tragedy, comedy and drama. Serious drama refers to a drama that has both tragic and comic elements. (3) According to the aspects involved in the subject matter, it can be divided into modern dramas, historical dramas, mythological dramas, science fiction dramas, fairy tale dramas and children's dramas. (4) According to the length and scale, it can be divided into multi-act drama and one-act drama. Central content: This scene reveals the ruthless, greedy and ruthless class nature of loan shark businessmen by showing the process of a Venetian court trying a "pound of flesh" contract dispute case; at the same time, it praises the deep affection between people in the emerging bourgeoisie. The moral thoughts of friendship and justice reflect the author's humanistic ideals.
14. "Changing Faces": Author: Wei Minglun, a famous Sichuan opera writer, known as the "Bashan Ghost Talent". Representative plays include "Easy to Be Daring", "Four Girls", "Sunset Qishan", "Chinese Princess Turandot", etc.
Understanding of the title: Face-changing originally referred to emotional makeup in opera, and later referred to a stunt that involves changing facial makeup multiple times in an instant.
Central content: This scene describes the twists and turns when Shui Diao discovers that the dog baby is a girl, abandons her and finally takes her in. It shows Shui Diao’s deep-rooted patriarchal ideology and also It shows the misfortune of girls from lower class society and their helpless struggle against fate. Their experiences also reflect the living conditions of the people at the bottom of society at that time.
15. "Zaoer": author Sun Hong, playwright. Understanding the title of the article: The title "Jujube" refers to both the physical jujube and the name of the old man's son in the article. In addition, "Zaoer" is a clue that runs through the whole play, and the author gives it a profound symbolic meaning. Central content: This play revolves around "Jujube" and narrates a cordial relationship between an old man and a boy who picks up jujubes. The old man recalled the past events of "Jujube" and revealed his longing for his son; the boy wanted to leave "Jujube" for his father to eat, which showed his longing for his famous father. The whole play expresses their sincere emotions of calling their loved ones to return.
16. Writer of "The Sound of Music": Lerman, American playwright, "The Sound of Music" has also been translated into "The Sound of Music", "Truth, Goodness and Beauty", "Tenderness and Sweetness", "Music in the Deep Soul" and "The Charm of Tianle" 》 and other translations.
Central content: This article depicts the girl Maria’s love of singing, beautiful soul, lively, free, and pure and happy character by describing the scenes of nun Maria singing and having fun in the wild, and the scenes of the abbot and the nuns discussing Maria in the monastery.
17. "Gongshu": selected from "Mozi". The book "Mozi" is generally considered to be a collection of Mozi's words and deeds by his disciples and his subsequent disciples. Mozi: named Zhai, was the founder of the Mohist school during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Literary knowledge: Prose by pre-Qin scholars. Prose by pre-Qin scholars was produced in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period when hundreds of schools of thought contended. The main works include The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Hanfeizi, etc. Most of the prose written by scholars in the pre-Qin Dynasty are full of emotion and literary talent. They are good at using metaphors to explain things and argue right and wrong, which enhances their persuasiveness. The extensive use of rhetoric such as parallelism and hyperbole makes the articles colorful. Understanding the title: The article "Gongshu" narrates the story of Mozi stopping Chu and attacking Song. At that time, Mozi heard the news that Chu was going to attack Song and "traveled for ten days and ten nights to Ying" to prevent the war. . Central content: The text narrates the story of Mozi's efforts to dissuade the Chu State from attacking the Song State, and vividly reflects the spirit of Mozi's hard practice and tenacious struggle in order to realize his ideas.
18. "If you gain the right, you will get many help, but if you lose the right, you will get little help": Selected from "Mencius? Gongsun Chou". "Mencius" is one of the Confucian classics written by Mencius and his disciples. Mencius: Named Ke, courtesy name Ziyu, a native of the Warring States Period, known as "The Lesser Sage", he was a second disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. He advocated the implementation of "benevolent government" and put forward the slogan "the people are more important than the monarch". Literary common sense: "Mencius" is one of the classic works of the Confucian school. It records Mencius' words and deeds, political opinions, philosophical opinions and personal cultivation. Understanding of the article title: The "Tao" preached by Mencius is the implementation of benevolent government. Central content: Discusses the view that "the weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people"
"Born in sorrow, dying in peace and happiness" is selected from "Mencius Gaozi Xia". Understanding of the title: "Born in sorrow, dying in happiness" means that one survives because of sorrow and dies because of being addicted to happiness. Central content: Point out that "harmony" is the primary condition for defeating the enemy.
19 "Fish I Want": Selected from "Mencius? Gaozi 1". Literary common sense: The main points of Mencius' "Theory of Good Nature": (1) "Goodness" is human nature (2) People have four "original hearts": compassion, shame, respect, and right and wrong. This is how the moral code of benevolence, justice, propriety and wisdom came into being. (3) The deterioration of human nature is due to the influence of external objects and is not a manifestation of nature. (4) Nature also needs to be “nurtured”. Understanding of the topic: Mencius advocated that human nature is good. He believed that people are born with a heart of recluse, a heart of shame and a heart of resignation. As long as these "good intentions" are not lost, one will have "benevolence, righteousness, and reason" in terms of morality. Central content: This article uses the metaphor of fish and bear's paws to discuss the choice of life, which should focus on "righteousness" and "sacrifice life for righteousness" when necessary. At the same time, it criticizes those who forget their righteousness.
20 "Two Stories from Zhuangzi": Selected from "Zhuangzi? Autumn Waters". "Zhuangzi" is a collection of works by Zhuang Zhou and his later scholars, and is one of the Taoist classics. Zhuang Zhou: Warring States man, philosopher, representative of Taoism. Central content: "Huizi Xiangliang" bitterly satirizes the faces of those who are obsessed with fame and wealth, showing that Zhuangzi is aloof and self-sufficient, and his attitude is like a "rotten rat".
"Zhuangzi and Huizi Traveled in Haoliang" describes a debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi. It shows the differences in thought, character and temperament between the two.
21 "The Debate on Cao GUI": Selected from "Zuo Zhuan". "Zuo Zhuan" is also called "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals" and "Zuo's Biography of Chunqiu". It is said to be written by Zuo Qiuming. It is a chronicle history book, historical work and literary work in my country. Cultural Common Sense: It is a chronicle history book that records the political, economic, military, diplomatic, cultural and other aspects of the vassal states during the Spring and Autumn Period. The book preserves a large amount of ancient historical materials and has beautiful writing. It is especially good at describing wars and complex events, and is also good at expressing the character's characteristics through dialogue and actions.
Interpretation of the title: Qi and Lu were neighboring countries during the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Qi was strong and Lu was weak, and Lu was in a defensive position. This article describes how Cao GUI adopted correct strategies and tactics from Duke Zhuang of Lu and finally defeated Qi. story. Central content: This article narrates the dialogue between Cao GUI and Lu Zhuanggong about the Qilu war and the historical facts of commanding the Battle of Changshao. It explains that only by winning the trust of the people, using correct strategies and tactics, and mastering the opportunity to win, this article illustrates the truth. He praised Cao GUI's political foresight and military talent, and praised Cao GUI's patriotism.