Until more than a thousand years after Li Shangyin's death, people were still arguing. Because of a poem called Jinse.
Some people say that although the title of this poem is Jinse, the content of the poem has nothing to do with Qin, so it is an untitled poem.
Some people say, why is there no problem? Why doesn't it matter? Isn't One String and One Column about the piano? "Jinse" is its title.
The debate on the topic has not yet come to a conclusion, and the struggle on the content has begun again.
Some people say that "Jinse" is the name of a maid in Linghu Chu's family. Li Shangyin has been in Linghu Chu's house for so many years, perhaps because he was in trouble with the maid, so he wrote this poem.
Some people say that the second floor makes sense. Jinse is a musical instrument with 50 strings, which are divided into four tones: fitness, resentment, clearness and harmony. The four middle sentences of this poem just describe these four tones, so this is a poem about things.
Some people say that this poem is a mourning poem, and "Butterfly" and "Rhododendron" are symbols of parting, "Pearl in tears" is a cry, "Jade Smoke" is a burial, and it is Li Shangyin's "remembrance" of his love with his wife.
Some people say that the "love" he "recalls" in this poem is not the love between him and his wife, but his wonderful years. Look, I didn't say "I miss China".
Some people say that everything you say is wrong. In fact, this is a patriotic poem.
Oh, what a mess.
Li Shangyin, a "bad" person, has tortured people for a thousand years, and then he will continue to torture them for a thousand years and ten thousand years ... Maybe you have to ask, poetry is for people to read, why does he make the world so hard to guess? Do you understand that talking is not good? It's good to know, but if I were Li Shangyin, if I had his talent, I would also write such a poem: Life gives me bitterness, and I turn it into a poem, so every word in it is doomed to be difficult to understand.
02.
Li Shangyin was born in 8 13 (about), which was in the late middle Tang Dynasty. Governors are separated, eunuchs are in power, cronies are at odds, and the court is in chaos. Although the relationship between Li Shangyin's family and the rulers of the Tang Dynasty is the same clan, this "same clan" can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty thousands of years ago. Superior consanguinity is indeed the weight of a person's prosperity or promotion in feudal society, but this kind of "consanguinity" is another matter, not to mention that the Li and Tang dynasties at this time are already crumbling and difficult to protect themselves. In this way, this low-level bureaucratic family has actually come to the brink of bankruptcy. At the age of three, my father's original official position was removed, and the whole family left their hometown Xingyang and moved to Zhejiang. Li Shangyin began an uneasy life.
Although he began to wander at the age of three, Li Shangyin still stubbornly looked forward to the beauty.
First of all, his name is very meaningful. According to legend, at the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, four scholars who believed in the study of Huang Lao lived in seclusion in Shangshan, Shaanxi Province. Because their beards are all white, they are called "the Four Noble Men". After Liu Bang ascended the throne, he wanted to abolish Liu Yuxin. Lv Hou was very anxious when he heard about it, so he invited the Four Nobles to come out with Sean. Later, on one occasion, Liu Bang had a banquet with his ministers. Seeing Liu Ying standing behind him, he knew that everyone didn't want to abolish the Prince, and he felt that Liu Ying would have experts to assist him in the future, so he dismissed the idea of abolishing the Prince. Li Shangyin's father named his son "Shangyin" in the hope that he would live as long as the "four noble people" and change the short-lived fate of his family. The word "Yishan" also means that "being good and being expensive" can build mountains for the country.
This child born in the Central Plains is born with enterprising genes in his blood. His childhood was spent in Jiangnan, and the quiet landscape shaped his subtle and gentle character. So he dreamed that one day he could write articles with his left hand and beautiful poems with his right hand, which could be both "business seclusion" and "righteous mountain".
However, things are not as simple as he imagined.
03.
When Li Shangyin was ten years old, the first disaster in his life befell him, and his father died in the office. For Li Shangyin, the death of his father not only means the farewell of his relatives, but also means that although he is only ten years old, as the eldest son of the family, he has the word responsibility on his shoulders.
What can a ten-year-old child do for this family? In a later article, Li Shangyin mentioned that after his father died, he and his mother had no choice but to return to their hometown and began to "sell books as servants". The so-called "bookseller" is to collect fees for copying books for others to subsidize the family.
In such a barren and difficult age, Li Shangyin still feels that God treats him well, because he met an imperial clan uncle who went to imperial academy but lived in seclusion and was willing to teach him knowledge. This uncle is proficient in Confucian classics, ancient prose and calligraphy. Li Shangyin was lucky to meet him, because without his teaching, Li Shangyin's talent might have been delayed like "Fang Zhongyong".
Li Shangyin was unfortunate to meet him. There is no doubt about this uncle's knowledge, but it doesn't mean that everything he owns is applicable to society. At least I think those who are full of knowledge but choose to retire, or have a painful experience, such as Meng Haoran; Or the thought is out of tune with this world, such as Tao Yuanming. Either of these two points runs counter to Li Shangyin's ideal of saving the world and the people. In addition, he is full of ideas about the past and the present, just like the old gentleman "Shou Jason Wu". If Lu Xun kept asking him for advice, I'm afraid there would be no later "New Culture Movement" and "Scream" and "Wandering". Fortunately, Lu Xun is good at revolution; Alas, Li Shangyin didn't understand. He naively and completely accepted the academic theory of the imperial clan uncle, so that when he began to prepare for the literary world, he was still "able to be an ancient prose, not fond of accident."
The so-called "even pair" refers to parallel prose, also known as "four or six styles", which pays attention to antithesis and rhetoric. This kind of parallel prose originated in the late Han Dynasty and flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, although Han Yu and others repeatedly advocated "ancient prose", the imperial examinations and official document writing at that time were mainly parallel prose. Both politics and society need parallel prose, but Li Shangyin just doesn't like it and is not good at it, which is fatal incompatibility.
04.
Fate likes to play games with this simple person.
Just when everyone squinted and told Li Shangyin that "there is no way out for ancient prose", people who appreciated him appeared, and there were two people when they appeared. These two men, one is Bai Juyi and the other is Ling Huchu.
Li Shangyin walked around with a pile of ancient prose, in exchange for shaking his head. Just then, a man named Bai Juyi stood up and said, "I'll carry him!" " I am old and can't do anything for this young man, but one day I die and I want to be reincarnated as his son. "
In Bai Juyi's position at that time, there was no need to do anything for Li Shangyin. Such a sentence is enough to shock the whole literary world. Shocked people are thinking about a problem: Bai Juyi has been pursuing "popularity" all his life, but Li Shangyin's articles are so obscure and his poems are so difficult to understand. How can Bai Juyi like him? Surprisingly, Bai Juyi appreciates this young man so much.
But as Bai Juyi himself said, he is old and idle at home, which may only help Li Shangyin become famous, but not help him succeed. But it doesn't matter, there is Linghu Chu.
Compared with Bai Juyi, the name Linghu Chu is a little strange, but he is not a nobody. Linghu Chu's parallel prose, Han Yu's ancient prose and Du Fu's poems were recognized as "three musts" by people in the society at that time. What Li Shangyin needs and lacks most is parallel prose, and he happened to meet Ling Huchu, a master of parallel prose who likes and appreciates him and wants to teach and popularize him. It seems that everything is developing in the direction that this teenager expects.
How good is Ling Huchu to Li Shangyin? Han's "teacher preaches, teaches and dispels doubts", so Ling Huchu should be considered as done. Needless to say, I have taught Li Shangyin parallel prose writing, official document writing and exam-oriented article writing. Ling Huchu also brought Li Shangyin home. "At the age of 20, I gave money and clothes to make everything go according to plan." Yes, Ling Huchu knew that Li Shangyin's family was poor, so she also gave Li Shangyin full care in her life. Moreover, even Ling Huchu is helping him plan how Li Shangyin will go to the society and enter the official career in the future.
Moreover, from the day Li Shangyin entered Linghu Chu's house, Linghu Chu specially arranged for his son Hu Ling Mao to make friends with Li Shangyin. Although Ling Huchu is eighteen years older than Li Shangyin, she still reminds her son to learn from Li Shangyin in literature from time to time.
05.
Li Shangyin, who lost his father since childhood, was poor and helpless. Under the care of Ling Huchu, he felt a kind of warmth and security that could be entrusted for life. He fantasized that one day, Linghu Chu would help him find a place, so that he could serve his mother better and save the lifeblood of this small bureaucratic family without being a "book seller", so as to live up to his father's life and his ancestors. So that at this time, he wrote a poem "Since midnight, Wang Xiang is not salty and has a sword" to express his gratitude to Linghu Chu. But in fact, it is true that Ling Huchu is kind to Li Shangyin, but it is also true to train factional forces for himself and political assistants for his son.
"Party struggle between Niu and Li" was a huge political cancer in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Niu Dang headed by Niu Sangru and Li Dang headed by Li Deyu have been fighting for forty years. Linghu Chu befriended the ox monk Confucianism and was the backbone of the ox party. As his staff, Li Shangyin is naturally the same to outsiders. But Li Shangyin didn't know it himself. Is he really that slow? No, he's simple. Of course, he knows the party struggle between Niu and Li, but he simply thinks that he has no political ambitions, and only wants to answer a satisfactory test paper in the examination room and find a decent job in the future. This will do. As for any party struggle, he has no intention of participating. But in fact, from the day he walked into Linghu Chu's house, all this was not up to him.
From 829 to 833, Li Shangyin went into the examination room several times, but all failed. Ling Huchong, whose knowledge was not as good as his, succeeded in becoming the top scholar. Until 837 AD, Ling Huchong, who had been doing well in officialdom, heard that Li Shangyin had gone to take the exam again and gave the examiner a little sign. That year, Li Shangyin was admitted to Jinshi.
I don't want to maliciously suspect that when Li Shangyin failed, Hu Ling and his son were giving him a taste of politics, but all this has always explained some problems. The hidden rules of officialdom are there, and Li Shangyin still chooses to turn a blind eye. At the end of 837 AD, Ling Huchu died. The teacher died, and Hu Ling Mao was in two social classes. Li Shangyin left the family after doing the last thing for his Bole-writing an epitaph. This departure is another disaster.
06.
Just when Li Shangyin gave up hope for the second time in his life, love came.
I don't know if it was intentional or accidental. Li Shangyin came out of Hu Ling's house and soon received an invitation letter for dinner. The sender of this invitation is Wang Maoyuan, our envoy from Jingyuan, who will invite all the Jinshi to dinner. Because all the people invited were Jinshi for dinner, Li Shangyin went to attend without much thought. At this dinner, Li Shangyin fell in love with Wang Maoyuan's dignified and virtuous daughter at first sight, and Wang's daughter also fell in love with this talented young poet at first sight. Li Shangyin is married.
Is this fate once again looking after Li Shangyin? No, fate played a trick on him again. Because this Wang Maoyuan befriended Li Deyu, the leader of the Li Party, no matter what he thought or what Li Shangyin thought, the world regarded Wang Maoyuan as a Li Party middleman. Taking this step, Li Shangyin will never get out of the political whirlpool of "the dispute between Niu and Li". When the news that he married Wang's daughter reached Hu Ling's ears, Hu Ling described him as "forgetting his family's kindness, taking advantage and stealing". All this, Li Shangyin didn't know, in his mind, teachers or teachers, friends or friends.
In the following ten years, Li Shangyin was excluded from his official career.
Perhaps because of his connection with the Niudang, Li Shangyin was innocent for the first time in the official examination, which directly delayed his official position in the court for a whole year. A year later, Li Shangyin just became a secretary and a provincial school extremely happily, and then was transferred to Hongnong as the county captain for no reason. The school librarian and the county commandant seem to have similar positions, but one is in the court and the other is in the local area, which is far apart. During Li Shangyin's time in Hongnong, he tried his best to do his duty for the country in Do not forget your initiative mind, but he was accused by his boss of changing his direction because he reduced the sentence of unjust imprisonment. Fortunately, with the help of his friends, he was saved from a disaster. Over the past ten years, Li Shangyin's mother and father-in-law have passed away one after another, and his enduring filial piety in his hometown has made Li Shangyin farther and farther away from his job and promotion opportunities.
Despite suffering, despite life playing tricks on the young man again and again, he still has to perceive the world with a poetic heart.
07.
When the author wrote this poem, Li Shangyin had been away from the political center for a long time because of Ding Mu's hidden worries. Sometimes, he tries his best to adjust his mentality and downplay his interest and expectation in political career. Instead, he retired in filial piety and even imitated Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, claiming to be "thirsty for farmers and looking forward to old age." Sometimes he thinks of his youth ideal, but he is unwilling to give up. It must be that "one mountain" is his highest pursuit in life.
Chrysanthemum, pale purple and bright golden yellow, is not only the beauty of Tao Yuanming's hedge, but also the fragrance of Lohan's family. It is not afraid of getting wet by dew in the morning, but it is afraid of sunset. It is willing to stay in the parrot cup of people drinking by the water, hoping to come to a rich banquet. Others write about chrysanthemums, which are all about the indifferent and secluded side of chrysanthemums. In this poem by Li Shangyin, chrysanthemums are so active that they join the WTO for the first time. Perhaps it is because others have already despaired of the world after all these forests, but Li Shangyin still holds an initial heart so sincerely.
When he returned to Chang 'an again, the close cooperative relationship with the Li Party had entered the later stage. The imperial court was filled with depression before the end of the world and the Niu Party was eager to get rid of the cold war of Li Party.
Leyuan Scenic Area is a highland in Chang 'an City. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, established Leyou Temple, also known as Leyou Garden, which is a good place for Beijingers to visit. Li Shangyin boarded the Leyuan Scenic Area alone in an evening that was difficult to get rid of her worries. Wu Zongben was a wise emperor, just like Xuan Di, the former owner of Leyuan Scenic Area. He was a promising master in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, so he said that "seeing the sun is all his glory". The present Emperor Wuzong is dissolute, superstitious in Taoism, and makes an alchemy all day long, so that his health is getting worse and worse. Li Shangyin was deeply worried about Wu Zong, Jiang Shan and Li Tang Dynasty, so he sang "Burying His Head in the Long Night".
Li Shangyin is worthy of the word "Yishan" in an official position of "orthography" which is much smaller than that of a proofreader, who still cares about the country.
08.
In 847 AD, Li Shangyin had wasted two years in Chang 'an, so humble that no one rejected him. At this time, he received a letter from Zheng Ya, an observer in Guilin, inviting him to work in Guilin. Li Shangyin, who was disappointed with his official career and politics, had long been tired of everything in Chang 'an. This letter is like the scenery in Guilin. Li Shangyin pinned his hope of getting rid of worries on it and went to Guilin again regardless of everything. In Guilin, away from the political whirlpool, Li Shangyin's heart really relaxed a lot.
A simple life, spring goes and summer comes. The grass has withstood the storm, and now it has finally got the love of God, and the rain has cleared up. On the high shelf, the afterglow of the sunset also looks warm and bright. When the nest is dry, the bird's posture becomes lighter and lighter. In Guilin, Li Shangyin wrote such a pleasant poem.
But he didn't know that Zheng Ya was demoted as an official after the downfall of the Li Party, and Li Shangyin went south with him. In the view of Niu Dang, this is a sign of sympathy for Li Deyu, which strengthens the essence of "profiteering and stealing". Only one year later, Zheng Ya was once again demoted to the state secretariat, and Li Shangyin also lost his job.
He's really not ungrateful, he just will. After returning to Beijing, Li Shangyin went to Hu Ling to visit his old friends and miss his teacher. How can Hu Ling Mao meet him? Li Shangyin had to write a poem recalling the past on the wall of the empty living room. It is said that after Li Shangyin left, Hu Ling Mao ordered the door of the living room to be locked, which has never been opened or moved since then.
09.
Li Shangyin returned to Beijing again, isolated and helpless, and could only get a small county commandant position again through the self-study exam. Ten years ago, he was a small county commandant. Ten years have passed and nothing has changed.
In 85 1 year, the only person he cared about in his life, his wife Wang, passed away. Li Shangyin has a very good relationship with his wife. Before marriage, Li Shangyin wrote such a poem for his wife.
In his mind, his wife is a beautiful and fragrant lotus flower, a fairy beside the Luoshui River, and he is even more guilty of this "goddess", Li Shangyin. After more than ten years of marriage, Li Shangyin was unhappy, wandering around and spending more time with his wife. Now that his wife is gone, all he has left is endless pain and nostalgia.
Chang 'an, has no his concerns. This year 1 1 month, Li Shangyin was invited by his good friend Liu Zhongying to work in Sichuan. Those years in Sichuan can be said to be the most stable and peaceful days in Li Shangyin's life. Officialdom has nothing to do with him, and party struggle has nothing to do with him. The name Li Shangyin has been completely forgotten by politics. During this period, he yearned for Buddhism and was intoxicated with mountains and rivers. The only thing he can't forget is his undeveloped ambition and his favorite wife.
Although it is called "Yi Mei", in this poem, Li Shangyin does not describe plum blossoms, and even his eyes are full of spring. But he still couldn't forget Mei, and suddenly he appeared in his mind. He used a "hate" to hate her for driving so early, and he couldn't talk to the flowers in front of him. He longed for the beauty of plum blossom for a long time and stayed with him all the time, but plum blossom left without leaving a trace. Just like himself, he became famous in the literary world at the age of sixteen and is still incompetent.
Once rippled with the east wind of tea and green waist, once enjoyed the flowers in the garden in spring. Now, this willow tree, struggling in late autumn, can only decline with the dying sunset and the mourning cicada. The autumn willow in the poem has experienced the disparity between the past and the present, which is a portrayal of its own life experience.
On a rainy night in late autumn, Li Shangyin sat by the window alone, thinking of his wife who had been buried in the distance. Imagine that he stayed in Shudu for half a year. If his wife were still here, she would certainly write to him. In this letter, his wife will care about his diet and daily life, whether he is satisfied with his work or not, and will definitely ask him when he will come back. Thought of this, Li Shangyin picked up a pen and wrote on the paper:
You asked me the date of going home. How does a traveler know his return date? I can only tell you that at this moment, my ears are dripping with autumn rain, and the cold pond is full of rain. When can we still sit quietly under the west window, cut candles and talk about missing each other that autumn night? Where will he send this letter after he finishes it? Write a letter to the deceased lover and think about the warmth when we meet tomorrow. How painful it is!
1 1.
It's not just a "Jinse". Li Shangyin left too many "untitled" for people to guess. Are you singing about love? Are you sighing about your life? Is it nostalgia? Maybe both. However, in this poem "I wish no one could write about Jian Zheng", perhaps more, it is his childhood dream of staying in the land of Jiangnan, and his youthful atmosphere buried in Chang 'an; It is the helplessness on the stable tower and the desolation in the night rain; It is a memory of the first love between right and wrong on Yuyang Mountain, and a shame for wasting life in the "Niu Li Party Struggle".
Li Shangyin turned all the scars of his life into brilliant poems. In the kingdom of poetry, you ask him what he wrote, and he says, there is no title.