1929, Changde Mountain, 17 years old, joined the Second Corps of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, started as a waiter for Guan Xiangying, and later worked as a guard for He Long. Under the cultivation and education of the Party, Changde Mountain studied hard, grew rapidly, did his duty in his work, and was witty and brave in the battle. Deep clearance, appreciated by the chief executive, joined the army this year to join the China * * * production party. Later, he was promoted to platoon leader, company commander and guard battalion chief. 1934 was promoted to the head of the 6th Division 16 Regiment, and fought with He Long and Guan Xiangying in the revolutionary bases of "Xiangxi, Western Hubei", "Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou". He is flexible in commanding battles, always rushing ahead when attacking and always staying behind when retreating. In the battle against Changde, he didn't leave the position until the Red Army finally retreated. In his body, he fully demonstrated the glorious tradition of unity and friendship among officers and men of the Red Army, and at the same time showed his lofty dedication to thieves. When he was seriously injured in He Long, he carried the wounded off the battlefield many times. Therefore, He Long often said: "In the' Hunan-Hubei Love', Changde Mountain helped me to go down in three wars. He is wearing heavy clothes and carrying three bullets. He fought bravely. It can really be said that without Changde Mountain, there would be no He Long. 」
In the Long March of great historical significance, Changde Mountain served as the chief of staff of the Sixth Division of the Red Second Front Army, responsible for stopping the enemy's massive pursuit and covering the smooth progress of the main force. When the Red Second Army rushed to Jinsha River, Chiang Kai-shek's army besieged and pursued. The heroic Changde Mountain 17 regiment, as the main cover, fought bloody battles with the enemy day and night and successfully crossed the river. 1At the beginning of July, 936, the Second and Sixth Legions were ordered to be renamed the Second Legion and continue northward. Throughout the Long March, Changde Mountain was full of energy, supporting the elderly and carrying the young when marching, observing the terrain around the camp when camping, setting up vigilance, taking care of the rest of cadres and soldiers, and visiting the masses, but he rarely rested himself, which made immortal contributions to the safe transfer of the Red Second Army. On one occasion, he collected some wild ginseng on the mountain and returned it to the guards, asking them to cook one for He Long and Guan Xiangying every day to supplement some nutrition for the leaders. 1936, He Long went to Xi 'an to meet Chiang Kai-shek, accompanied by Chang Deshan as the accompanying adjutant, which ensured the safety of He Long.
After the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, Changde Mountain was transferred to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University as the captain of any detachment. Later, he came to the Central Party School to study Marxism-Leninism and military theory, which played an important role in Changde becoming an excellent commander with both civil and military skills.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, and the Second Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army120th Division. Changde Mountain was appointed as the captain of the advance detachment of 120 Division, and advanced to the anti-Japanese front in North China in early September of 1937. In late September, the 120 division, led by He Long, the division commander, and Guan Xiangying, the political commissar, went to Ningwu, Shenchi and other northwestern Shanxi provinces to establish anti-Japanese base areas.
Since June 1938 1 1 day, the Japanese army has continuously besieged the anti-Japanese base areas in central Hebei. In order to consolidate Jizhong and help the development of the third column, the Eighth Route Army Headquarters ordered the 120 Division to advance to Jizhong. 1939 65438+ 10, Changde Mountain and Guan Xiangying braved the severe winter and heavy snow to come to Huibokou, Renqiu County, Jizhong. At that time, when the Japanese army besieged Jizhong for the third time, the area north of Daqing River was occupied by the Japanese army, and the area south of Daqing River was frantically swept away in an attempt to compress the leading organs in Jizhong into Ren, He, Gao and Su regions. The situation is very serious. In such an emergency, Commander He Long ordered Changde Mountain to lead the advancing team to attack the enemy behind the Japanese army to the north of Daqing River. At that time, people were worried about being surrounded by Japanese troops in the north of Daqing River, and Changde Mountain was a stranger in central Hebei Province, and suffered a loss. He Long said categorically: "Chang Deshan is a brave warrior, resourceful and fearless. He is leading a team forward! " After Changde Mountain led his team into Daqing, Hebei Province, he cooperated with Daqing 120 Division and Jizhong Army to blockade Dacao Village, ambush Caojiazhuang and intercept Xingjiazhuang, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army. Especially the famous Hejian Qi Hui War, which wiped out more than 700 Japanese troops and created a shining example of plain operations. By the beginning of April, the third and fourth crazy attacks of the Japanese army had been smashed continuously. Changde Mountain also cooperated with the local governments of Xiongxian and Baxian counties in Hebei Province in Daqing, rebuilding and resuming the local anti-Japanese work, which strongly supported the central government's action of crushing the enemy's attack.
On the eve of the fifth Japanese attack, Chai, the captain of the second independent detachment in Jizhong, organized a rebellion, and Changde Mountain accepted the task of quelling the rebellion. Chai Yuan is the company commander of the direct warlord Wu. After the Lugouqiao Incident, in the name of anti-Japanese, he set up a thousand troops in Xincheng and Wen 'an. After the establishment of the Jizhong Military Region, it was adapted by the Eighth Route Army and incorporated into the Second Independent Detachment of Jizhong. When the Japanese army launched a series of attacks on Jizhong base area, Chai could not stand the test of cruel struggle. Under the bribe of Wang Zongqi, the county magistrate of the pseudo-Xincheng County and the spy chief of the puppet army, he defected to the enemy on the eve of the fifth Japanese attack, detained and adapted political cadres sent by the military region, and killed military commanders sent by the military region. After several unsuccessful political efforts, He Long decided to quell the rebellion and consolidate the anti-Japanese situation in this region. 120 division and Jizhong main force surrounded the firewood department, and He Long ordered Changde Mountain to advance into the detachment by surprise and insert it into the defense zone from behind the enemy lines in Xincheng. With the sudden appearance of the advance team, Chai panicked. After fierce attacks from inside and outside, Chai Bowen fled to the new town with only his entourage. The rebellion was quickly quelled, and Chang Deshan made outstanding achievements. Most of the people who stayed were local farmers, who actively demanded anti-Japanese. With their incorporation into the Eighth Route Army, the anti-Japanese troops were further consolidated and strengthened, and the enemy's fifth attack was crushed.
120 division advanced into Jizhong, and after several months of continuous fighting, cooperated with Jizhong troops and smashed five Japanese attacks. By the autumn of 1939, 120 division had completed the combat mission assigned by the headquarters and was ordered to leave Jizhong and return to Jinci. The leaders of Jizhong Military Region asked He Long to leave a group of experienced old Red Army cadres for Jizhong, so as to improve the political quality and combat effectiveness of Jizhong, a new anti-Japanese army. So Chang Deshan was left in Jizhong as the commander of the third division. 1June, 940, the divisions of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region were unified, and the third division was changed to the eighth division, with Changde Mountain as the teacher.
The eight sub-districts are located at the southeast end of the anti-Japanese base area in central Hebei, adjacent to the Jinpu Railway in the east and the anti-Japanese base area in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan in the south. The roads and rivers in the area crisscross, the traffic is very convenient and the strategic position is very important. /kloc-in the winter of 0/939, the Japanese army began to shift its main force to "sweep" and "nibble" the central Hebei plain without completely "sweeping" the Beiyue area. Lead the troops of the Eighth Division of Changde Mountain to actively carry out the struggle against "mopping up" and "nibbling away". We beat back the enemy's attacks many times and further consolidated the base areas. At the same time, in accordance with the unified deployment of the Jizhong Military Region, the division and its subordinate units were trained, which made the troops take another step forward in the regularization construction. By 1940, the main force of the eighth division had grown to 20 or 30 regiments, and guerrillas had been established, greatly enhancing their combat effectiveness.
1In August, 940, the Eighth Route Army headquarters launched the famous Hundred Regiments War in order to smash the Japanese "cage policy" and its attempt to invade Xi 'an and strive for a better situation in North China. According to the deployment of the military region, with the active cooperation of the local people, Chang Deshan led the troops of eight divisions to carry out a large-scale traffic blocking war continuously, cutting off the Pingda Highway, dismembering the Cangshi Highway, destroying the Jiao Bo Highway, preventing the enemy from building the Shide Railway, and cutting off the enemy's telephone lines along the highway and railway, thus interrupting the Japanese traffic and communication. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Changde Mountain led his troops to stop, ambush and attack the Japanese puppet troops everywhere, which caused great losses to the enemy.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the Jizhong Military Region organized the campaign of "Ren, He, Da and Su" with eight divisions as the main body, expanding the achievements since the Hundred Regiments War. Changde Mountain was ordered to lead the 23rd and 30th regiments into the enemy-occupied areas with enemy points and bunkers along the two rocks of Ziya River. At the beginning of the campaign, the 23rd Regiment ambushed more than 90 people in Lihu Village, south of Hejian. The 30th Regiment first destroyed Cangshi Road several kilometers south of Dacheng, and then destroyed more than 80 enemy positions in Keliuzhuang, Zangzhuangzi and Shiga. Then ambush Baimatang, killing more than 20 people in just five minutes. Throughout the campaign, Changde Mountain led the troops to cooperate with the troops of various participating divisions, and after making outstanding achievements, they developed everywhere. When the enemy attacked the 23rd Regiment of the Eighth Division, which was active in the central area, the interior and exterior lines of the Eighth Route Army cooperated closely, leaving the enemy completely passive. Changde Mountain seized the favorable opportunity to cooperate with the Ninth Division, connecting more than 20 enemy strongholds such as Kemizhezhuang, Bianjiazhuang, Liugu Temple, Qucao and Argument Fort, destroying local puppet regime organizations and cooperating with local regime to establish local anti-Japanese armed forces. The campaign lasted for 20 days, wiped out more than 1 100 people and dealt them a heavy blow. After the victory of the "Battle of Renhe and Dasu", the Eighth Division established the "Renhe and Dadu" detachment, which opened up the anti-Japanese situation in the "Renhe and Dadu" area and completed the "Hundred Regiments War" with neighboring troops.
The development and consolidation of anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, the continuous growth of anti-Japanese armed forces, especially the heavy blow of the Hundred Regiments War, made the Japanese army exclaim that "there is a new understanding of North China." Therefore, from 194 1, the Japanese army attacked North China on a large scale, and the natural situation of the Eighth Division in central and central Hebei became more severe. In view of the enemy's division, blockade and "occupation", Changde Mountain led troops to actively and continuously annihilate the Japanese army, eliminate the puppet regime and consolidate the anti-Japanese regime. Seven months ago, the Japanese army "nibbled" most of Qingxian County and Dacheng District in eight districts. After July, the Japanese army moved the center of gravity of "nibbling" westward to the south of Levin and Dacheng. Changde Mountain seized this favorable opportunity to cooperate with the nine districts.
1in the spring of 942, the Japanese army increased its troops around and inside central Hebei, stepping up its "nibbling" and "mopping up", and the situation in central Hebei became more and more severe. In this situation, the Jizhong Military Region and divisions mobilized the masses, cooperated closely and fought bravely against the enemy. While winning many battles, they also formulated an action plan for decentralization and transfer. By the end of April, the enemy had assembled more than 50,000 puppet troops and, under the cover of planes and tanks, carried out an unprecedented "sweeping" of the Jizhong base area. Starting from May 1, the enemy started from various points around central Hebei, and implemented the tactics of "encircling with iron walls", "pulling nets" and "combing", and then compressed the encirclement of central Hebei, blocked the rivers, highways and railways in central Hebei, forming an "iron ring array" in an attempt to seize the leading organs and main forces in central Hebei. The counties of Raoyang, Wuqiang, xian county and Hejian, with eight divisions headed by Changde Mountain, are the key areas surrounded by the enemy. At this time, Chang Deshan, head of the 23rd and 30th regiments of the Eighth Division, crossed Cangshi Road of Fuyang River, crossed the enemy blockade, jumped out of the enemy encirclement, and moved to Qingcangjiao area east of Ziya River, close to Fan stronghold in Wuqiang County, where the enemy was heavily entrenched. Here, the command post of Changde Mountain is flexible, and the enemy comes and goes, marching day and night, cleverly dealing with the enemy, and successively capturing enemy strongholds such as Nantao, Zhaofu, Yaomadu, Sanye, Ren Zhuangzi, Baiyangqiao, Wen 'an and Xinzhen. In mid-May, they attacked Dulin and Sanfuzhuang, blew up two enemy trains on Jinpu Road, confused and contained the enemy, and effectively supported and defended the central leading organs.
By mid-May, most of the organs and troops left in the central area had highlighted the enemy's "iron ring array". In late May, the Jizhong Military Region instructed the Eighth Division to lead his troops back to the central Hebei region to fight Lien Chan with the enemy of "suppression". However, the enemy is waging an "overwhelming war" with superior forces. By the beginning of June, according to the serious development of the enemy's situation, in order to preserve its strength, the main force of the 23 rd Regiment of the Eighth Division began to move to the "Hebei, Shandong and Henan" area on the outer line according to the instructions of the military region. Changde Mountain led the 23rd Regiment to stay at the 2nd Battalion and joined the 30th Regiment in the south of Heshu Highway. On the afternoon of the 8th, I got in touch with the 30th regiment. At night, I found that the enemy forces in Hejian and Suning had increased, and there were signs of converging attack on us. At dawn on the 9th, Changde Mountain came to Xue Cun, Suning County, where he was setting up sentries and building positions. At this time, from Hejian, xian county, Suning, Raoyang and other places to the enemy, assembled seven or eight thousand people surrounded by dozens of cars, cavalry and single motorcade, and soon formed an encirclement. At this point, the 30th regiment has arrived in Wang Ding, northeast of Xue Cun, and exchanged fire with the enemy. Suddenly, I heard gunshots. After getting the news, Changde Mountain decided to order the reconnaissance commander to take a company, take advantage of the enemy's instability, cover the organs and radio stations, and rush out to the north of the Soviet highway. He personally led the 23rd Regiment and 2nd Battalion to cover the rear. But the enemy is mostly cavalry and single motorcade, and they move very fast. At that time, our troops and firepower were at an absolute disadvantage, and several charges failed. Changde Mountain reorganized its troops again, and he and Wang Yuanyin's political commissar continued to break through. Just arrived in Zhangzhuang and Taishizhuang, north of Heshu Highway, the enemy motorcade in the west and the enemy cavalry in the east were quickly surrounded, and the firepower was very fierce. Changde Mountain suffered multiple injuries to his legs and body. He felt that the situation was urgent and ordered the guard: "Destroy the documents quickly! He also ordered confidential personnel and radio personnel: "Take off military uniforms, put on plain clothes, and use the wheat fields to quickly disperse and break through. Hurry up! " Say that finish, he turned and grabbed a machine gun, took a few steps forward, threw himself at the enemy who rushed up, and the enemy who rushed in front fell one by one. However, due to the disparity in strength, the enemy is getting closer and closer, and more and more. Under his cover, most of his comrades rushed out. At this time, Chang Deshan's left hand was seriously injured again. He bravely picked up the machine gun, held it down with his right hand and continued shooting. After a long time, Changde died of injury in the Dolphin Bay of Dongxihu Lake. He lost too much blood and felt exhausted, and his eyes turned black. At this time, the guard Hu Delan followed. He solemnly said nonsense to Xiao Hu: "Don't bother me! Don't sacrifice with me, I'll cover you and rush out to Baiyangdian to report to Comrade Jincheng, secretary of the prefectural party committee!
After the battle, men, women and children in the surrounding villages came to bury the remains of the martyrs with great hatred for the aggressors and reverence for the martyrs. The villagers recognized Commander Changde Mountain and Political Commissar Wang Yuanyin, and they found the best coffin in the area to bury these martyrs. The villagers found that Commander Changde Mountain had been hit by more than 20 bullets, only six of which were in his temple, and many people burst into tears.
Although Changde Mountain's life was only 30 years, his life was a glorious life of fighting and made immortal contributions to the revolution. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to commemorate the martyrs who died in the war years, the Party and the people moved Changde Mountain's body to the pine and cypress bushes in the Martyrs Cemetery of the North China Military Region in Shijiazhuang and buried it underground with thousands of revolutionary martyrs. Marshal He Long personally wrote an inscription for Changde Mountain and highly praised Changde Mountain's life:
"Comrade Chang Deshan is an outstanding party member of China * * * production party and a strong cadre of the people's army. In his early years, he engaged in revolutionary struggles and participated in the struggles in Soviet areas such as Hunan and Hubei, Xiangxi and western Hubei.