1, deeply understand the rhythm of ancient poetry.
2. Memorize famous sentences, understand the truth contained in them, and apply what you have learned.
3. Appreciate the beauty of conciseness, artistic conception, melody and implication of ancient poetry.
4. Appreciate the poet's profound patriotic feelings.
Second, the teaching emphasis and difficulty:
Key points:
1. Understand the connotation of poetry and accurately grasp the emotions in poetry.
2. Deeply understand famous sentences and cultivate students' ability to taste language and appreciate poetry.
Difficulties:
1, understand the truth contained in the poem
2. The background or mood of the author's poems.
Third, the class schedule
1 class hour
Fourth, the teaching process
first kind
I. Introduction
The gloom of Du Fu's poems makes us fondle admiringly and extrapolate. Today, we will study his poems.
Second, overall perception.
1, with the help of after-class notes and reference books, remove the obstacles of words and phrases.
Arrival, value, equivalent;
Hun, in short;
Hairpin, the jewelry used by the ancients to clip the crown.
2. Understand the author's background or mood when writing.
The Background of Du Fu's Hope in Spring
New Tang book? "Su Zongji" contains: In the first month of this year, "An Qingxu defeated Yi Qikou Suiyang County and Zhang Xun". In February, "Li Guang porridge and An Qingxu soldiers fought Taiyuan and lost", "Kansai military forces made X () and An Qingxu soldiers fight and lost. Qing Xu fell into Fengyi County, and the satrap died. Qingxu defeated Cai Xide in Taiyuan, and Guo Ziyi and An Qingxu fought in Yongfengcang and lost. " Zi Zhi Tong Jian Volume 1 2 19 years. In March of this year, "Yin led troops to attack Suiyang" and "An Shouzhong will ride 20,000 troops to the east of Kouhe River and beat them away". In the three months of spring, the war was not over.
Third, understand the artistic conception and content of poetry.
This poem was written by Du Fu in Chang 'an in March (757) of the second year from Tang Suzong to German. Chang 'an at that time was burned and plundered by the Anshi Rebellion, and it was desolate everywhere. The poet touched the scene and expressed his sadness.
The first four sentences of the poem are about the defeat of Chang 'an in spring, including exclamation; The last four sentences are full of feelings about the situation of relatives. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring" begins with the word "spring hope": the capital city falls and the city is dilapidated. Although the mountains and rivers remain the same, there are grass everywhere and trees are green. The word "broken" is shocking, and the word "deep" is sad everywhere.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers and birds should entertain people, but because they hate parting, they make poets cry.
In the first four sentences, the poet looks forward to the future from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, from vegetation in cities to flowers and birds. Feelings from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the urgent mood of being isolated from the news and looking forward to it for a long time. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people sing * * *, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image of my distant relatives and look at the decadent scene in front of me. I didn't feel bored either. I scratched my head and felt that my hair was sparse and short. In this way, in addition to the pain of chaos, we grow old with a sigh, adding a layer of sadness.
Fourth, question inquiry.
1. This poem was written at the time of national disaster and contains the poet's deep patriotic feelings. What is the most patriotic word or sentence in this poem? Why?
Hint: Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, with spring flowers and trees. -a word "deep" means that mountains and rivers are broken and people are distracted.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. -because I felt sad at that time, and I was homesick after a long separation. Even in the face of the spring scenery of birds and flowers, I not only didn't want to appreciate it, but also shed tears. The words "splash" and "shock" are both used in sentences, meaning that flowers make my tears splash and birds make my heart tremble.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. -"March" saw the disaster of war. It is said that there are few letters from home. It shows the pain of homesickness.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. -the pain can't be resolved, and scratching your head adds to your lament.
2. What image is written in the first couplet of this poem? What are the characteristics of these images and what kind of pictures are formed?
Qing: Write four images of capital, mountains and rivers, cities and vegetation. The country is broken, the mountains and rivers remain the same, the city is spring and the vegetation is deep. This is the dilapidated scene of Chang 'an in autumn: the capital fell, and the city was ruined. Although the mountains and rivers still exist, there are grass everywhere, and the trees are all gray, which makes people sad everywhere.
3. What image did Zhuan Xu write and what kind of picture was formed?
Clear: the war is raging, and the war is not over. "Letters from home" bear the care and nostalgia of relatives. The poet looked forward to receiving a letter from home, but he was disappointed after all. We seem to see the poet's white hair as snow and ice, and he scratches his head frequently because of anxiety and sadness.
4. Contrast is often used in poetry, that is, the right or wrong of one thing is used to compare the right or wrong of one thing. This technique was used in the first two sentences of Du Fu's Spring Hope. Can you tell me your understanding?
"Guo" refers to the capital Chang 'an, the center of politics, economy and culture, and the degree of prosperity can be imagined. However, there are only mountains and rivers in Chang 'an at present. Doesn't this mean that the once prosperous capital has been destroyed by the rebels, leaving only mountains and rivers? Spring has come, and the city is full of "deep vegetation". Didn't you say that there are fewer people who let vegetation grow?
5. How to understand the meaning of "the petals have flowed like tears, and the lonely bird has sang sorrow"?
The annotation of the textbook is "the place where petals flow like tears"-sentimental about state affairs, and you can't help crying when you see beautiful flowers. "And the lonely birds sang their sorrows"-leaving sadly, afraid to hear the euphemistic birdsong. In fact, intertextuality is used here. It means: I feel sorry for national affairs and parting, so I can't help crying when I see beautiful flowers, and I am afraid when I hear euphemistic birdsong.
6. What kind of emotion does this poem express?
Qing: The first four sentences express the poet's deep sorrow and sadness when the capital fell and the mountains and rivers were broken. Neck couplets express the poet's concern for his loved ones, and the tail couplets always write his feelings of worrying about his country and homesickness. In addition to the pain of national subjugation and chaos, he sighed old and added a layer of sadness.
7. comment on famous sentences. For example, "after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. What is the secret?
On the beauty of poetic language. "I stroked my white hair. It has grown too thin to hold a hairpin anymore. "He raised his hand and scratched his head, which was intended to alleviate his sadness, but scratching his head to alleviate his sadness was even more worrying, and his short hair was sparse, which made him feel old and added a layer of sadness.
5. Students read and recite this poem.
Abstract of intransitive verbs
Hope in Spring combines the sense of national superiority, family anxiety and the sense of human decline, which makes people have mixed feelings after reading it. Poets use scenery to express their feelings, words come from the heart, and vivid and touching words touch our hearts.
This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the feeling is strong but not floating, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it rises and falls with the five laws, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.
Seven. distribute
1. Recite and write this poem from memory.
2. Finish the exercises after class.