Don du fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
An Lushan rose up against the Tang Dynasty. Because Tang Xuanzong favored Yang Guifei's younger brother Yang, he misled Tang Xuanzong and sent Ge Shuhan, who was guarding Tongguan, to attack the rebel stronghold outside the customs. Ge Shuhan was captured halfway. An Lushan lost his arch-enemy, and captured Chang 'an in one fell swoop. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led his concubines and ministers to flee to Lingwu. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty abdicated, and Prince Hengli proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu.
In August of the first year of Tang Suzong (756), Du Fu went from fū (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to Lingwu (now Ningxia) and defected to Tang Suzong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and trapped in Chang 'an. This poem was written in March of the following year.
This is a five-character poem, written in 757, the second year that Tang Suzong went to Germany. At that time, Chang 'an was burned and looted by Anshi rebels, and it was desolate everywhere. Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers were still broken and ruined, but the land was desolate in spring. At this time of adversity and homesickness, he couldn't help feeling deep sadness and infinite emotion. The poet showed patriotism in this poem.
The whole article revolves around the word "Wang", and the first four sentences are lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery. The poet set off the ruin of the country by describing Chang 'an, which is lush and sparsely populated. The first song "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers live forever" is shocking and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. Wrote the sad scene of the country destroying the city. The phrase "Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" personifies the flowers and birds, feeling that the country is divided and the national affairs are difficult, and the flowers and birds in Chang 'an are all shocked by tears. Write about spring with flowers and birds, hurt things, and express the sadness of national subjugation and parting with personification. Reflect the poet's patriotic feelings. The poet's cross-conversion of feelings and scenery implicitly conveys the poet's sigh, anxiety and anger from climbing to farsightedness, from far and near, from weak to strong. The country is in turmoil, the war has been going on for years, the people are in poverty, and Le Shu is impassable. At this time, it is particularly valuable to receive a letter from home. The poet reflects from the side the great pain brought by the war to the people, and the urgent mood of people wanting to know whether their loved ones are safe during the turbulent period. At the same time, it also shows the poet's deep concern for the country through hard-won letters from home. In the last two sentences, the poet's increasingly sparse white hair can't even be inserted into the hair clasp, and the poet's anxiety and indignation are deeply and widely expressed by action. The whole poem is mixed with scenes, but it is implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of the poet's "depression and frustration"
The whole poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country, hurting his time, homesickness, self-pity and missing his loved ones.
The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not smooth, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.