Irony means that one thing refers to another, sometimes even irony. Irony, also known as irony and irony, is an ironic tone or writing skill when speaking or writing. Literally, it is impossible to understand what it really wants to express, but in fact, its original intention is just the opposite of what it can understand literally, and it is usually necessary to understand its intention from context and context. This is a common explanation at present, but it has different classical meanings in the period of 19 and in the 20th century or even earlier.
Satire is a literary technique used to expose the contradictions or shortcomings of the object. Mainly can be divided into the following four categories:
1, direct irony
Use the first person to guide readers or characters in books. This listener is called an "opponent", just like his partner in China's cross talk, which makes the speaker speak freely and do his best in irony. Horace (65. -8b.c.) and the juvenile in ancient Rome (C.65-C. 140) are both famous satirical poets, so their works are also called Horatian satire and Juvenalian satire. It's just that the former is gentle and the latter is mean.
Step 2 be sarcastic
It is more common in literature. It does not have a clear missionary, but turns to various expressions, such as exaggeration or nonsense. Swift's Gulliver's Travels is a long innuendo, sometimes called "satire" (named after the Greek satirist Menippus). According to critic Frye, this kind of innuendo emphasizes not the characters, but the psychological attitude.
3. Iron
Satire is implied, what is said is not true, what is said is contrary to what is said in the heart, and what is implied is known by others. Irony, especially verbal irony, is easily confused with irony and irony. All three are satire, but satire is indirect, non-offensive and not as hurtful as sarcasm. Oral satire, in particular, is often called "sarcasm" in English, and it is mostly innuendo, deliberately turning praise into derogatory meaning, and vice versa. Its greatest advantage in literature is its wit, which makes people feel its edge. After Caesar's assassination in Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar (1599), Anthony mentioned that "brutus was a gentleman" in his three-day speech, and of course he used irony to dig at brutus. Sometimes, due to circumstances or fate, there will be irony, which is called "situational irony". Short stories often use situational satire to create a surprising ending. O Henry's famous short story The Gift of the Three Kings. Mo Bosang's necklace can be taken as an example.
Step 4 be sarcastic
In Greek, irony originally means "from Greek Sarkasmos, from Sarkazein to tearing flesh and biting lips in rage", which shows that it is despicable and cruel, and its significance is not profound. Satire has a strong literary flavor, especially in writing, rather than orally, deliberately satirizing all kinds of foolish or evil behaviors of human beings. It has a certain educational function in an attempt to awaken people's hearts and improve social atmosphere. Therefore, as far as verbal teasing is concerned, sarcasm and satire are close, but the former is more severe and the latter is more moderate. There was an example in the book: in class, students raised their hands and said, "Teacher, I don't understand." The teacher replied contemptuously, "I never thought you would understand." This is sarcasm, because he is outspoken. But if you get 100, the teacher gently says to you with your test paper, "I have bad news for you." Some people got 100 in the test, while others failed. "This is irony.