On the Landscape Art of Farewell to the Pavilion

Yuan Zaju can probably be divided into two schools: one school is the true school, which requires language to reflect the true colors of life, and Guan Hanqing is the representative of the true school; One is the literary school, which advocates rich rhetoric. Wang Shifu is the representative of the literary school. Zhu Quan, a famous dramatist in the early Ming Dynasty, said: "Wang Shifu's ci, like a beautiful woman among flowers, is euphemistic and implicit, and won the poet's interest." Wang Shifu's language is very distinctive and his skills are superb, which is vividly reflected in A Farewell to Changting. "Farewell Pavilion" tells that Zhang Sheng had to leave Cui Yingying under the pressure of the old lady and go to Beijing to take the exam, which showed their feelings of parting and resentment, which was mainly reflected by Cui Yingying's lyrics. In this compromise, the description and contrast of the environment have played a clever role in expressing the characters' psychology and promoting the development of the story, and the emotional tone in the song is expressed through the scenery. Let's talk about the art of landscape description in this article.

At the beginning of the text, Cui Yingying saw the scenery in late autumn and sang the first song [Gong Zheng? Correct and good] "Blue sky and yellow flowers, tight west wind, flying north and south. Who is drunk in Xiao Lai's frost forest? Always in tears. " In a few words, the author outlined a rich autumn scenery, describing heaven and earth, clouds and flowers, wind and geese. Finally, the frost dyed the maple forest intoxicating red. These sets not only played the role of drama sets, but also used them to express feelings, set off the atmosphere and convey the heroine's grief and indignation. The whole lyrics vividly present bleak autumn and scattered nature to readers. A word "dye" and a word "drunk" skillfully connect people and things. In the anthropomorphic scenery description, Yingying's thoughts and feelings are all poured into it, which is both scenery and emotion. Just a few words brought out the emotional tone of the whole play.

"It's hard to tie a willow with a long jade, and I don't care if I hate Lin." Although the wicker is long, it can't tie the horse whose lover is about to leave, because the sunset is already hanging on the tree, and the time for parting is coming. Yingying pinned her feelings on the scenery, which showed that she was full of infinite helplessness for Zhang Sheng's departure. The above scenes are closely related to the heroine's mood on the way to Changting. The scenery and feelings are integrated, and the feelings are stronger because of the scenery.

At the farewell party, Yingying has a thousand words to say to Zhang Sheng, but "mother and son have to leave the table" and can't "have the heart to tell him about Qi Mei". In her eyes, the scenery around the pavilion also became bleak and desolate: "the west wind and yellow leaves fly, and the cold smoke disappears." The west wind, yellow leaves, cold smoke and rotten grass make Cui Yingying feel more desolate and confused.

When the banquet was over, it was already "sunset". Cui and Zhang said goodbye affectionately, from asking them to take care of themselves on the way, to reminding them not to "swear never to return to the gold medal list", to asking them to "remember" and "if you see flowers and plants in a foreign land, don't stay here for a long time". Although there are thousands of words, "green hills are separated, sparse forests are not beautiful, and light smoke covers them." The ancient sunset road is silent, and the autumn wind listens to Ma Si. "Zhang ying has to go. The author shows the desolation of the suburbs in autumn with green hills and sparse forests, light smoke and twilight, ancient sunset roads and autumn wind, which sets off the inseparable relationship between Yingying and Zhang Sheng. In particular, "Sunset" and "Ancient Road" describe parting, loneliness, helplessness and melancholy, which can be described as scene setting, scene emotion and scene blending. In the end, "a whip is still shining in the surrounding mountains" is Zhang Sheng, who is far away from Yingying's imagination, lonely and "full of worries".

In the three scenes of the whole drama, the heroine's feelings also flow, and the surrounding scenery is constantly changing around the characters' thoughts and feelings. These scenes with the characteristics of late autumn season make Yingying's sadness and sadness vividly expressed, and the scenes blend with each other and are meaningful. The author's unique artistic techniques and profound writing skills give us a unique artistic feeling.

(Author: College of Literature, South China Normal University)