Daiyu is the most pitiful flower, thinking that it is cleanest to bury it in the soil after falling. This shows that she has a unique view of beauty. She wrote a funeral poem, comparing herself to a flower, which is one of the most beautiful poems in A Dream of Red Mansions. A conversation between Baoyu and Daiyu when they buried flowers became the swan song between lovers in A Dream of Red Mansions. It is one of the most classic fragments in A Dream of Red Mansions. No one who has seen this paragraph will forget it.
The origin of the story of flower burial
When it comes to the origin of the flower burial story, some people say that the "Yin of flower burial" comes from two poems by Tang Yin (A Dream of Red Mansions). Poetry is of course borrowed from others, but the relationship between "source" and "flow" of literary and artistic creation cannot be confused. When it comes to the use of some words, sentences and artistic styles in previous works, it is really unnecessary to look for them in the collections of Ming people. Isn't it enough to borrow and use some well-known poems such as "The colors change this year, who will bloom next year" and "Flowers are similar year after year, and people are different year after year" in Liu Xiyi's "Waiting for the North Pulsatilla" in the early Tang Dynasty? That is, if the plot of burying flowers, it may not follow the story of Tang Yin's peony flower "filling the tip and burying the east bank of the medicine column". Cao Yin, the author's grandfather, wrote a poem "A peach blossom buried in a lonely grave for a hundred years". Isn't that enough to inspire his thoughts? But these are all "streams", only used. They can neither represent the main spirit of poetry nor replace the author's creation divorced from real life. What's more, as mentioned above, the author's ingenious writing in this poem does not lie in the lingering words that hurt spring and cherish flowers on the surface.
Of course, the negative depression in Burying Flowers is also extremely strong and can not be ignored. It has a bad influence on readers who lack analytical thinking ability. Although this kind of emotion is completely in line with Lin Daiyu's ideological character formed by her artistic environmental position, after all, because the author consciously expresses his life experience through the mouth of the person he loves, to some extent, it exposes the weakness of his thoughts. We sympathize with Lin Daiyu, but at the same time we also see that this sentimental aristocratic lady is very fragile in thoughts and feelings.
Daiyu's burial of flowers is a description of Daiyu's temperament, so this paragraph also depicts a beautiful flower for readers, clean and self-loving.
If you don't collect your beautiful bones,
A cup of pure land to keep out the wind.
Loneliness and arrogance, who hides,
Just as flowers come late at the end,
Why is Prudential Frost lonely?
Wild geese return to the vault and fear acacia!
A flower is brighter only when it is pale.
The road ahead has no latitude and longitude,
The sky in Piri is black and yellow in spring and autumn.
Winning Chang 'e should ask yourself,
Why not reunite forever?
After China's entry into WTO, it is cold-eyed to pick red snow.
Ge Xiang Ziyunlai is coming.
Through the crane shadow in the cold pond,
Leng Yue buried the flower soul.
She compared the flowers to herself, and compared Jiafu and even the whole feudal society to a quagmire. She is unwilling to sink, unable to get rid of feudal evil forces. Poor flower is poor for herself. When she saw the flowers wither, she seemed to see her future.
Although Lin Daiyu was cared for by Baoyu and loved by Jia's mother, according to the concept of ethics at that time, after all, she was a grandson and still had the taste of relying on others. Her parents are dead, nobody cares, she is alone. At the same time, she is pessimistic. She always felt that she was forced by the wind and sword, and her heart of self-pity was always there. She felt sad when she saw the fallen flowers.
substituted bride
Flowers fade, flowers fly all over the sky, who pity the red incense?
The hair is soft and floating in the spring pavilion, and the hair falls and touches the embroidered curtain.
The daughter in the boudoir cherishes spring and dusk, and her sadness is full of nowhere to release.
Hoe the flowers out of the embroidered boudoir with both hands and endure falling flowers again and again.
The pods of willows and elms come from wheat straw, regardless of whether peaches float with Li Fei.
Peaches and plums can be delivered next year. Who do you know in the boudoir next year?
The fragrant nest has been built in March, and Liang Jianyan is too heartless!
Although we can peck at flowers and hairs next year, people will not tend to go to empty nests.
360 days a year, wind, knife, frost and sword are pressing hard,
When can I be aboveboard? Once I wander, it's hard to find.
Flowers are easy to see but hard to find, and those who bury them suffocate in front of the steps.
Leaning on the hoe alone, I shed tears in the dark, and the branches on it saw blood stains.
The cuckoo was silent at dusk, and the hoe returned to cover the door.
The blue light shone on the wall and people began to sleep, but the window was not warm.
Blaming slaves is double depression, half pity and half trouble;
Flow spring suddenly to bother, to silence.
Last night, I sent a sad song outside the court, knowing that it was a flower soul and a bird soul?
The bird's soul is always hard to stay, and the bird is ashamed of being wordless.
May slaves have wings and fly to the end of the sky with flowers.
After all, where is Xiangshan?
If you don't collect beautiful bones, a pure land will shelter you from the wind.
It's better to be clean than trapped in a ditch.
I am going to die and be buried, but I don't know when Nong will die.
The man who buried the flowers is laughing today, but who did he know when he buried them?
We see that the spring flowers are gradually falling, and it is the time when the beauty dies of old age.
No sad songs for me, I don't know what happened!
Song of Burying Flowers is the representative of all the sad songs that Lin Daiyu encountered in her life, and it is also an important work by Cao Xueqin to shape this artistic image and show her personality characteristics. Like The Daughter of the Lotus, it is a text that the author tries to copy. This song, which imitates the style of the early Tang Dynasty, is lyrical and artistically successful.
This poem is not only sad and sad, but also has a feeling of oppression. "Liu Cong Fang Fei is long, no matter whether the peach is floating or Li Fei", there are resentment against the cold world and attachment to human feelings; "360 days a year, the wind, the sword and the frost are pressing each other hard", isn't that an indictment of the ruthless reality that has persecuted her for a long time? "May slaves have wings and fly to the end of the day with flowers. After all, where is Xiangshan? There is no trick, a cup of pure land protects the wind. It is better to be clean than to be trapped in a ditch. " It is the kind of aloof character who is unwilling to be humiliated and defiled and unwilling to bow his head and yield when the fantasy of freedom and happiness cannot be realized. These are its ideological values.
Another value of this poem is that it provides important clues for us to explore the tragedy of Baodai in Cao Xueqin's works. Jia Xu originally had a comment on writing: "I read" Buried Flowers "until three or four o'clock, and its sadness and regret made people forget their life experiences, so I can't approve it any more." There is a guest day:' Mr. Wang is not a treasure owner, how can he write? "It is that every word is double-circled, and the word is immortal, but it is difficult to express each other's meaning. Once you meet Brother Yu, you will be recognized again. Oh, hey! What I want to stop is also from "Stone", so stop writing and wait. "
It is worth noting that it is pointed out in the comment on writing that it is impossible to comment on this poem without reading Yu Xiong Hou Wen; It is precisely the "post-essay" related to this poem that makes the critics "stop writing and wait". There is no doubt that the so-called "post-essay" refers to the writing of Daiyu's death in the second half of the lost manuscript. If this poem only symbolizes the misfortune of a fallen beauty in general, then you don't have to wait for the next one; Only when what is written in the poem is not general, but mostly related to the plot of Daiyu's death later, it is necessary to emphasize that after reading the following words, I will go back and deepen my understanding of this poem.
It can be seen that Burying Flowers is actually a poem written by Lin Daiyu. This can be proved by the quatrains in tihongloumeng, which were written by the author's contemporaries and probably by the author's friends. Poetry; A sad funeral poem seems to come true. Andrew died for a wisp of love, fan HongLing again? "It seems to be true" can only be said by people who know the plot of Daiyu's death written by the author.
In the past, we thought that Yi Ming might not be able to read the whole novel like Yan Zhi. Now, it seems very likely that he finished reading the second half of the manuscript, or at least listened to the people in the author's circle who talked about the main plot in the second half in detail. If we say the later things mentioned in Ming Yi's quatrains, such as "gathering like spring dreams and scattering like smoke" and "there is no aura under the stone", we can still speculate; Then, it is impossible to write a poem describing poverty like "Wang Sun is skinny" and a poem describing his conviction like "Shamed on the unfortunate Skillen".
The same is true of the last two sentences in the poem quoted above: He said that he really hoped that the novel "Die for Love", which came back from the dead, would save Daiyu, make Bao and Dai two lovers soul mates, and reconnect the red silk rope cut by the old man at the end of the month. Imagine, as long as the "sink cup" can rise, the "HongLing" can continue, which is different from the reason why the sequel later imagined the tragedy of Bao and Dai because of involuntary marriage! If everything is as written in the sequel by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, Baoyu already belongs to him. What's the use of "sinking" Daiyu? Does "Continued HongLing" make her aunt Bao Er?
This poem "Nong buries flowers and laughs today." Who did he know when he was buried? ”？ ..... "The last few sentences, such as the book repeated several times, with special emphasis, even learned to recite poems by writing parrots. It can be seen that the day when beauty dies of old age is really the time when spring flowers fall, not the comparison of function words. At the same time, what is said here is "he knows who it is when he is buried", and what is said earlier is "who has pity on the fragrance and jade after it has died" and "a wandering is hard to find" and so on. So there is no doubt that Daiyu died in a very miserable and lonely situation like Qingwen. At that time, not everyone was busy holding a wedding for Baoyu, so there was no time to take care of it. On the contrary, Baoyu and Xifeng were both exiled because of avoiding disaster. It was a day when "the family was ruined and everyone died, and each family sought more happiness." In the poem, "both willows and pods come from weeds, whether peaches and Li Fei float together" still means this.
"In March, the fragrant nest has been built, and Liang Yanyan is too ruthless. Although we can peck flowers next year, it is difficult to grasp the meaning of the sentence "no one can go to the empty nest of Liang", which is between solvable and unsolvable. Now, if you look at it in a prophetic way, it will be more clear. Probably in the spring, Baodai's marriage is basically settled, which is the so-called "fragrant nest has been built." However, in autumn, something happened, just like Liang Zhongyan flew away mercilessly, and Baoyu was forced to run away from home. Therefore, she lamented that "the soul of flowers and birds is always hard to stay" and imagined that she could "give birth to wings" and walk with her. She cried for a day and a night, and finally all her tears ran out. "
From this point of view, it is completely appropriate to compare "Flower Fall" with Daiyu and "Human Death" (exile). Whenever Baoyu encounters the so-called "ugly disaster", someone else will be unlucky. First Jin Chuaner, then Qingwen, and finally sealed Daiyu. Therefore, there is a pun in the poem that "clean and clean is better than being trapped in a ditch", which can be used to dissect and show integrity. When Baoyu returned to Jiafu in the autumn of the following year, Hongyi Courtyard was "red, thin and green" (fat comment), and Xiaoxiang Pavilion was a desolate scene of "rustling leaves and loneliness" (fat comment). Daiyu's boudoir was full of excitement with Baoyu, only to see a "cobweb covered with carved beams" (fat comment refers to Baochai's residence). "Although you can peck flowers next year, you can't go to the empty nest of beams!" Isn't that what it means? The above are just some details that can be confirmed from the clues mentioned in the fat review, and may not be so appropriate. But this poem and Baodai's tragic plot must take this into account, which is probably not subjective; In fact, the poem "a dream come true" does not stop there. Dai Yu's "generation separation?" Autumn window wind and rain, peach blossom line also has this nature. The former seems to say unfortunately that she left Baoyu later, while the latter seems to be a preview of her "want to cry without tears" (fat comment) ending.
Some people say that "burying flowers" comes from two poems by Tang Yin (A Dream of Red Mansions). Poetry is of course borrowed from others, but the relationship between "source" and "flow" of literary and artistic creation cannot be confused. When it comes to the use of some words, sentences and artistic styles in previous works, it is really unnecessary to look for them in the collections of Ming people. Isn't it enough to borrow and use some well-known poems such as "The colors change this year, who will bloom next year" and "Flowers are similar year after year, and people are different year after year" in Liu Xiyi's "Waiting for the North Pulsatilla" in the early Tang Dynasty? That is, if the plot of burying flowers, it may not follow the story of Tang Yin's peony flower "filling the tip and burying the east bank of the medicine column". Cao Yin, the author's grandfather, wrote a poem "A peach blossom buried in a lonely grave for a hundred years". Isn't that enough to inspire his thoughts? But these are all "streams", only used. They can neither represent the main spirit of poetry nor replace the author's creation divorced from real life. What's more, as mentioned above, the author's ingenious writing in this poem does not lie in the lingering words that hurt spring and cherish flowers on the surface.
Of course, the negative depression in Burying Flowers is also extremely strong and can not be ignored. It has a bad influence on readers who lack analytical thinking ability. Although this kind of emotion is completely in line with Lin Daiyu's ideological character formed by her artistic environmental position, after all, because the author consciously expresses his life experience through the mouth of the person he loves, to some extent, it exposes the weakness of his thoughts. We sympathize with Lin Daiyu, but at the same time we also see that this sentimental aristocratic lady is very fragile in thoughts and feelings.
So why did Daiyu write Buried Flowers?
Watching the West Chamber with Daiyu, Baoyu said that he was like a "sad and sick" Zhang Sheng, and Daiyu was like a "stunning beauty" An Yingying, which was the most straightforward love show of that era.
Because of the ethical code at that time, I was afraid that Baoyu thought too lightly of himself, so Daiyu's eyes became red. A dignified lady, who dares to confess to them? At that time, on the one hand, expressing love means liking each other, on the other hand, it may be disrespecting each other. Therefore, Daiyu was somewhat wronged and suspected that Baoyu used "obscene words and songs" to "bully" himself.
After all, Daiyu knew Baoyu, and after listening to Baoyu's confession, she liked it. Therefore, as soon as Baoyu swore, Daiyu "laughed through tears" and immediately quoted the words in the West Chamber, saying that Baoyu was a "silver gun, not a show". Daiyu also quoted The West Chamber, which is equivalent to accepting Baoyu's love confession. By reading * * * The Romance of the West Chamber, Baodai's love took a step forward, and the "hazy degree" was reduced.
The close relationship between Bao and Dai caused Baochai's anxiety. Xifeng Wang, after all, smart, ready to make it public, as a result, Baodai two people will no longer be kind and homesick. Say such a thing to a girl casually, in fact, it is humiliating her:
Lin Daiyu said with a smile, "Listen, you ate a little tea from their family and invited some people."
Feng smiled and said, "Forget it, you gossip. You drink tea and water. Since you have eaten our tea, why don't you give us a wife? " If it is limited to this, it can also be understood as Wang Xifeng's "humor". But later, it was enough to prove that Xifeng Wang was not humorous. Feng smiled and said, "Don't dream! What do you lack as a daughter-in-law in our family? " Pointing at Baoyu, he said, "Look, people, brothers and sisters don't deserve it, their foundations don't deserve it, and their furniture doesn't deserve it? Who else is insulting? "
Xifeng Wang openly laughed at Daiyu and "exposed" her "purpose". What Wang Xifeng means is that you, Lin Daiyu, are not worthy of Baoyu's "personality, cousin, foundation and furniture". What other "dreams" do you have?
Lin Daiyu listened to what Xifeng said, and then "cheered up and left". Baochai certainly hoped that Daiyu would be laughed at here, and quickly cried, "You are in a hurry. It's no fun if you don't come back and sit down." If Daiyu doesn't leave, Baochai will find it "very interesting."
Aunt Zhao and Ma Daopo conspired against Baoyu, who was just ill. When Daiyu recited "Amitabha Buddha", Baochai looked at Daiyu and smiled in front. Cherish the spring and asked her what to laugh at. Baochai said:
"I smile like a Buddha, busier than people, but also pass on scriptures and be considerate of all beings; Now Baoyu and Xifeng are ill, burning incense and praying for the disaster. I am better now, and Miss Lin's marriage is in my charge again. " Baochai, the elder sister of the style of study, stopped to continue teasing Daiyu. Didn't Daiyu know? Accusing her of "only learning from Xifeng's loquacity." These are all "jokes" on the surface, but there are "swords and shadows" behind the jokes.
Wang Xifeng's disrespect for Daiyu's humor deeply hurt Daiyu, and with Baochai's "joke", Daiyu could hardly bear it. Baoyu said to Zijuan, "Good girl, if you are an affectionate lady, how can you make the bed?" Daiyu cried sadly.
Originally, it is not a new "allusion" to compare Daiyu to Yingying and Baoyu to Zhang Sheng. They did this when they watched The West Chamber together.
Daiyu realized Baochai and others' "wind knife and frost sword", but she suffered from no parents and no one to take care of her. Although there is a grandmother, it is not good for girls to say such things. Now, although Grandmother Jia treats Daiyu wholeheartedly, she is afraid to act rashly for fear of opposition from others. The old lady put Baoyu's marriage on hold first.
Baochai went to Xiaoxiang Pavilion to see Daiyu. I looked up and saw Baoyu go in, so I was embarrassed to go in again. I happened to meet a pair of big butterflies. Baochai tried to hold them and followed her to the Didi Pavilion in the pool. Suddenly, I heard someone talking in the pavilion. Baochai, afraid of being suspected, deliberately played a trick of "golden cicada shelling" and cried with a smile, "Where do you think you have been hiding?"
It is difficult to judge whether Baochai intentionally framed Daiyu because the author did not write in detail. But what is intriguing is what Baochai thinks when she hears the people in the pavilion. Baochai was surprised when she heard this outside. "... her voice is as loud as that of Hong Er in Baoyu's room. He used to have a pair of big, sunken eyes. He was a sly and eccentric thing ... "
From this description, we can know: 1, Baochai is very familiar with Xiaohong, and she can recognize her as "Honger" only by her voice; 2. Baochai is very familiar with her personality and knows that she is "a thorn in her side" and "scheming".
Xiaohong is a little girl who can't get on the table in Baoyu's room. Baoyu didn't know her when he met her. As a big lady outside Hongyi Hospital, why is Baochai so familiar with the little girl in Baoyu's room? Readers should be able to think about this mystery. I thought Baochai only made friends with xiren, but it seems that Baochai has made great efforts in everything related to Baoyu. It is strange that Lin Daiyu didn't meet such a wily opponent!
The indifference of Baochai and Wang Xifeng, the misunderstanding of Baoyu, the loneliness of parents and brothers and sisters, and the conflict between ethical norms and love requirements make Daiyu more and more sentimental. All this formed a tearful "flower burial". Of course, the entanglement of illness and the premonition of short life are also the reasons why Daiyu created this word.
"The peaches and plums will bloom again next year, and who will know next year." "How long can they be bright? Once they wander, it is difficult to be found. "
Daiyu wants to "have wings" and "fly to the end of the sky with flowers" to find "Xiangshan", but where is "Xiangshan"? The final choice can only be "a cup of pure land to hide the wind."
Daiyu's lament about the short life in "Funeral Poems" greatly shook Baoyu's heart, and Baoyu "fell on the hillside." Later, Baoyu made a long anatomy of Daiyu, recalling that they ate at the same table and slept in the same bed. What girls can't think of, I'm afraid girls will be angry. I thought of it for that girl. "Finally, she said that Daiyu was" big-hearted "and didn't take herself seriously, which made Daiyu cry.
Back to the gift of the princess of 28 yuan, Baoyu is like Baochai, and Daiyu is like Yingchun, Tanchun and Xichun. This incident dealt a great blow to Daiyu. Yuan Chun is Jia Fu's patron, and her opinions are more authoritative than Jia Mu's. Live in the deep palace and give it to Xue; Lin didn't understand why when he praised them, he suddenly became as "clear and white" as when he visited relatives and friends. This may have a lot to do with the advice of his mother, Mrs. Wang.
For others, this is a dispensable thing. For Daiyu, this is a dangerous signal. So she said to Baoyu:
"I'm not so lucky and forbidden. I can't compare with Miss Bao. We are just vegetarians! "
Baoyu heard him say this, hurriedly scold a way:
"In addition to what others say, I want to have this idea in my heart, and I will never be a human being!"
Baoyu is infatuated with Daiyu, but has no feelings for Baochai. Baoyu wanted to see Baochai's red musk deer string, but Baochai couldn't fade for a while, so Baoyu froze:
Baoyu looked at the white jade arm and was envious. "。 I thought to myself,' this arm should grow on sister Lin, or I have to touch it on him.' I can't touch it because I hate it. Suddenly I remembered' Jin Yu' and looked at Baochai's description. I see that if my face is a silver basin, her eyes are like water apricots, her lips are not red, and her eyebrows are green, which is more charming than Lin Daiyu. "
The author of A Dream of Red Mansions always conceals his "evil" and praises his characters, especially the "Twelve Hairpins". However, "evil" is not completely hidden, but still faintly revealed. If you look carefully, you will find that. The author deleted the phrase "Qin Keqing is in mourning". However, from Jia Zhen's Like a Funeral, from Baoyu's vomiting blood when he heard the news, and from Baoyu's "sex" with her in the bedroom, readers can still see that Ke Qing's life is disorderly.
The author has always used "Spring and Autumn brushwork" for Xue Baochai. First of all, he said Baochai, because Yuan Chun gave it to her, "as boring as Baoyu alone". It seems that Baochai has nothing wrong with Baoyu. However, when I wrote about Baochai's hot day, I obviously brought the red musk deer string that Yuan Fei gave her. This just proves that Baochai thinks this red musk deer string is "getting more and more interesting."
In the memorial, the author also pointed out that Aunt Xue once mentioned to Mrs. Wang that "the golden lock was given by a monk, and only those who have jade in the future can get married." His son has jade, and his father told people that his daughter must have jade to match it. What does this mean?