—— Appreciation of Su Shi's Poems about Dragon Boat Festival
Wang Chuanxue
The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month was originally a festival to drive away the plague in summer. Later, Chu poet Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of May, and it evolved into a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan, with his unswerving patriotism, caring for the country and the people, and being honest and clean, was praised as a model for later generations, and also with his magnificent poem "Exalted words, outstanding life". From ancient times to the present, many people with lofty ideals have written poems and lyrics to commemorate Qu Yuan, chanting the grand occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival, so that future generations can fully feel the unique charm of the Dragon Boat Festival. Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote many poems about the Dragon Boat Festival and the memory of Qu Yuan.
Look at Su Shi's Qu Yuan Tower first:
Chu people grieve for Qu Yuan, and they have never stopped.
where the spirit floats, the father and the old man choked.
Up to now, on the Cangjiang River, people have put in food to save their hunger and thirst.
the legacy becomes a race crossing, lamenting that Chushan is cracked.
Qu Yuan, an ancient strong man, had a strong desire to die.
when the common people know it, they can't bear to make a decision as soon as possible.
Nanbin used to belong to Chu, and there is a pagoda on the mountain.
You should be a Buddha worshipper, for fear that your son will perish.
although there is no evidence for this matter, the meaning is solid.
no one in the ancients died, so why compare them?
fame is endless, and wealth is temporarily hot.
the doctor knows this, so he insists on death.
self-note: in Zhongzhou, there should not have been a tower here, so future generations will remember it.
Su Shi, like Qu Yuan, was demoted and spent most of his life in an untimely mood. However, in the fourth year of writing this poem (159), Su Shi was still a young scholar with high spirits, and just became a scholar at the age of 21 two years ago. This winter, Su Shi entered Beijing with his father and passed through Nanbin County (now Fengdu, Sichuan) in Zhongzhou. When he saw that there was a Quyuan Tower in this place that had nothing to do with Quyuan, he was amazed and wrote this five-character ancient poem.
The poem is divided into three paragraphs: the first eight sentences describe the relationship between the custom of throwing zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival and Qu Yuan, the second eight sentences speculate on the origin of Qu Yuan Tower, and the last eight sentences praise Qu Yuan for pursuing ideal moral integrity without seeking wealth.
at the beginning of the poem, Chu people mourn Qu Yuan, which has never stopped for thousands of years, indicating that Qu Yuan's patriotic spirit has penetrated into the hearts of the people. They used zongzi throwing and dragon boat racing to commemorate Qu Yuan and express their grief, pursuing a spiritual sustenance and cultural heritage.
Compared with the folk customs in Chu, what touched Su Shi more was Qu Yuan's spiritual character which was deeply rooted in people's hearts. Therefore, he did not develop his works in documentary narration, but traced his spiritual history. Throwing rice and racing are not lively folk scenes for entertainment, but real rituals of sacrifice and memorial, accompanied by strong emotional activities such as "sadness", "choking" and "whining". Poets have repeatedly used contrasting brushwork to strengthen the strength of discussion. For example, Qu Yuan's determination to die is endless with the world, such as the lack of evidence and the enthusiasm of human feelings, the shortness of wealth and the endless fame, the extinction of the world and Qu Yuan's immortality, and finally, "the doctor knows this, so he insists on death". It goes without saying that Qu Yuan's lofty ambition and his infinite admiration are self-evident. In a sense, this poem is like a prophecy, which declares the poet's future ambition and his choice of life path. Later, Su Shi persisted in his political opinions and life ideals all his life, remained uncompromising in adversity, maintained an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life, and was always full of hope for the future.
Let's look at Su Shi's poem "Liu Yao Ling Tian Zhong Festival":
The tiger symbol wraps around the arm, and the festival is also Dragon Boat Festival. Aipu is green in front of the door, and the sky is pale with kite dancing. The fragrance of zongye flies for ten miles, which brings joy to wine. Dragon boat races, cheering and shouting, paying tribute to the river and reciting the monarch's fu. Sighed that Huai Wang was in a daze, and Qin swallowed Chu. How much do strangers know about weeping and lewdness? In the morning and evening, the new pavilion wept, and the tears exhausted Lingyang. Miluo Jiangzhu, Xiang Lei has passed away, but there are thousands of heartbroken sentences.
"Tianzhong Festival" is another name for Dragon Boat Festival.
Su Shi's life was bumpy, with ups and downs, and finally he died in a foreign land, which has some similarities with Qu Yuan.
The first part of this word is about the folk activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, and the second part is about the life story of Xiang Lei. It is profound, unique and amazing.
The first film "Narrating the Present" depicts the folk customs and activities of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Tiger charms are wrapped around the arms, and the Dragon Boat Festival is also celebrated". People think that May is an "evil month" and a "poisonous month". Plague is prevalent and poisonous insects breed. Therefore, various methods should be taken to ward off evil spirits and detoxify. In the old days, people made small tigers out of silk and silk and sewed them on children's arms, thinking that they could avoid evil and eliminate disasters. In May, when the tiger symbol wrapped its arms, it ushered in the Dragon Boat Festival. "In front of the door, Aipu is green, and the sky is pale with kite dancing", a folk custom, hangs the green Aipu leaves in the hall, uses calamus as a sword, and inserts it in the lintel to ward off evil spirits, which has the magical effect of exorcising evil spirits. "Paper kite" is also called kite. Green mugwort and calamus are hung in front of every house, and children fly kites in the wild. "The fragrant leaves of Zongzi float ten miles, which carries the donkey to wine", donkey: an ancient vessel for holding wine and meat. Bottles are filled with wine, while bottles are filled with meat. People carry fragrant zongzi and wine bottles to watch the dragon boat race by the river. Dragon boats race on the river, cheering each other, and some people recite Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" tragically and loudly by the river!
The next film "Nostalgia for the Past" traces the tragedy of Chu Huaiwang's fatuity, Qu Yuan's exile and his suicide by throwing himself into the river. "Sighing that the king is in a daze, mourning that Qin swallowed Chu", and being in a daze: a metaphor for being unreasonable, confused and ignorant of right and wrong. Qin swallowed Chu: In 223 BC, the State of Chu was destroyed by the State of Qin. The poet lamented that Chu Huaiwang was fatuous and unreasonable, and Chu was tragically destroyed by Qin. "A stranger cries obscenity, and his temples are white." A stranger: a stranger in another country. Qu Yuan has been exiled from his native land. I can't stop crying I don't know how many white hairs there are. "Morning and night, the new pavilion wept, and tears exhausted Lingyang." He was saddened by the national disaster and had no choice but to cry from morning till night, and finally his tears ended in Lingyang. Qu Yuan was exiled for the second time and finally went to Lingyang. "Miluo Jiangzhu, Xiang Lei has passed away, only a thousand heartbroken sentences", Xiang Lei: refers to Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan went to Miluo River, a tributary of Xiang River, and drowned. The ancients called it Xiang Lei. By the Miluo River, Qu Yuan died, leaving only a poem that made people feel painful.
This word eulogizes the present and laments the past. In the first film, it strongly exaggerates all kinds of grand occasions of the Dragon Boat Festival, but it focuses on the next film, lamenting Qu Yuan's tragic experience, with the intention of reminiscing about the present, borrowing the past and enlightening the present. The combination of light and shade in the ci, writing Qu Yuan clearly, directly criticized the king of Chu for being "fatuous", insinuated the current politics, pointed his finger at the Northern Song Dynasty, and put the poet's own love and hate in it, but did not show any traces. The content of the word is mixed with reality, and it is "real" to describe the scenes celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival. Feeling sorry for Qu Yuan's bitterness and hatred is "emptiness"; Writing about Qu Yuan in a "virtual" way is really about oneself, which deeply grieves the ancients and makes people sigh.
there is a scene in the word, and the scenery is picturesque, and there is something in the painting. And after watching the film, vivid folk landscape paintings come to my face: children's arm symbol, the green ai of the door, the sword of calamus, kite dancing, drinking wine as a song, dragon boat racing, chanting the gift of the monarch, all of which show the rich activities of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival today. Looking at the next film, the faint of Huai Wang, the swallowing of Chu by Qin, the weeping of strangers, the weeping of the new pavilion, and the Miluo Jiangzhu all reproduce the vicissitudes of history. The scenery in these words is picturesque, singing and sighing, which greatly enriches the connotation of the words and shows the cultural meaning of the Dragon Boat Festival.
Su Shi also has a poem "Huanxisha Dragon Boat Festival", which shows another style of the poet:
The light sweat is slightly blue, and the Ming Dynasty bathed in orchids during the Dragon Boat Festival. Qing Chuan is full of fragrance.
the colored thread is lightly wrapped around the red jade arm, and the small symbol hangs obliquely on the Lv Yun cup. Beautiful women meet for a thousand years.
This word describes the scene of women celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival. The first film describes their preparations before the festival: wearing thin green silk and bathing in water soaked with aromatic orchids; After careful grooming, the abandoned balsam flowed all over the river. In the next moment, according to the folk custom, they will gently wrap the colored thread around the jade arm, and hang a record of exorcising evil spirits and blessing peace on the bun. Seeing them is like seeing a beautiful woman thousands of years ago. The description in the ci is exquisite, vividly reappearing the women's elaborate dress before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, showing people's enthusiasm and attention to the Dragon Boat Festival.