Who are the poets in the Southern Song Dynasty?
Southern Song Dynasty: You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, Lu You, Jiang Kui, Wang Yuanliang, Xin Qiji, Ye Shaoweng, Yan Rui, Li Qingzhao, Han Yuanji, Huang Gongdu, Tang Wan and Zhou Mi.
Youmao
brief introduction
You Mao (Mao) (1127-1202), whose real name is Tingzhi, whose real name is Jichang, whose real name is Chu Ju, was an old citizen of Mushi in his later years. Song Jingkang was born in a scholarly family in Wuxi on February 14th of the following year (1 127). My grandfather is especially deep, and my father is especially good at studying history and poetry. You Mao was influenced by family studies since childhood. He can write poetry at the age of five, and 10 is called a child prodigy. 65,438+05 years old, he is famous for his ci in Piling County (now Changzhou, Wuxi belongs to Piling).
The life of the character
In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), you Mao was promoted to Jinshi and served as the magistrate of Taixing county. At that time, the mountains and rivers in the Song Dynasty were broken and tilted to the south of the Yangtze River. Taixing is located in the border area of Southern Song Dynasty, and nomadic people often invade it. "The old outer cities of this county have been repeatedly destroyed by bandits." After you Mao came to power, he pleaded for the people and abolished exorbitant taxes; While leading the soldiers and civilians to renovate the city wall. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 16 1), nomadic people invaded the south on a large scale, and Yangzhou, Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng) and other cities all fell, only "Taixing won by the city". After the nomads from the North and South Huaihe River ravaged the area, Huainan people suffered numerous casualties and were displaced. In the poem "Song of Huaishan", You Mao described the tragic situation of Huainan people at that time: "Being displaced again, enduring hunger and cold again; Who says the world is wide and there is nothing to rely on? After the funeral in Huainan, the nest was not long, and the deceased accumulated like hemp. How many mouths can the living eat? The barren tree falls in the west, so why worry if you don't touch it? "There are 60 sentences in the whole poem. Through the style of a displaced Huai people, the tragic scene of Huainan people in hot water is displayed in front of people. Every sentence of Yu is shocking. The whole poem is unadorned and the language is unpretentious. It is very touching to express the poet's passion by line drawing.
Chengda Fan
Fan Chengda (1126-1193) was called a Shi Hu layman. People from Wuxian County, Pingjiang (this county is now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Poets in Southern Song Dynasty.
His parents died young and his family was poor. In the 24th year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 154), he was a scholar, first awarded Hu Cao, and later served as a supervision and agency bureau and magistrate. He was sent to the Jin Dynasty and lived as a scholar in the palace of Lang and a fake senior minister. In order to change the etiquette of accepting Guo Xu's imperial edict and asking for Henan's "mausoleum", he gave generously to fight violence with violence and was killed several times. He lived up to his mission. Later, he served as CEO of Jingjiang, Xiandu and Jiankang. During the Xichun period, the official took part in political affairs, but he left his job two months later because of disagreement with Xiaozong. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shihu.
The death of Wen Mu. He is as famous as You Mao, Yang Wanli and Lu You, and is known as the "Four Poets of ZTE". He sent people from Jiangxi, then studied poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became his own family. His poems have a wide range of themes, simple style, freshness and charm. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. On his way to Shanxi, he wrote 72 quatrains such as Qingyuan Store, Qiao Zhou and Shuangmiao, which reflected the painful life and national feelings of the northern people. Patriotic feelings are passionate and tragic. His Rent Collection Bank, Post Rent Collection Bank, Reeling Bank and Lao She Geng exposed the cruelty of feudal exploitation and sympathized with the people's suffering. In his later years, he wrote 60 pieces of "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", describing rural scenery, local customs and farmers' life. The style is fresh and lively, beautiful and smooth, full of charm, with the characteristics of folk songs, and it is a master of ancient pastoral poetry. This kind of poem had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His prose was also famous at that time. Ci is close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi.
Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "the sword is in the south and the lake is in the lake". For example, one of the songs "Summer" said: "You go out during the day and perform well at night, and the children in the village take care of each other. Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. " Write about the hard work of a peasant family, which is kind and simple and has a strong local flavor. He also wrote some entertaining songs, toured the mountains, lamented the old days and even talked about the works of Buddhism and Zen. Yang Wanli's Preface to Poems of Shihu Vulgar said: "(Fan Chengda's poems) are full of big chapters and short chapters; Without brewing, it will shrink without brewing. Fresh and charming, there is Bao Xie in the election; Run away vigorously and chase Taibai. Chen chen asked for his promise, but he couldn't win the world by singing. " For details of his life, see History of Song Dynasty (volume 386). There are poems by Shihu laymen and Shihu Ci. This book featured his poetry anthology Qiao Zhou, Four Seasons' Pastoral Fun (anthology 4), Hengtang and the word Qin Louyue (the balcony is full of shadows).
Lu you
brief introduction
Lu You (1125-1210) was born in Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Patriotic poets in Southern Song Dynasty. Many of these poems express the lofty sentiments of resisting gold and killing the enemy and the hatred towards the enemy and traitors. They are bold, gloomy, tragic, full of strong patriotic passion and outstanding ideological and artistic achievements. They were known as "Little Li Bai" before their death, and not only became the leaders of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a lofty position in the history of China literature. They are great patriotic poets in China. Father Lu Zai is an intellectual with patriotic thoughts. Family education made Lu You set up the thought of worrying about the country and the people and the ambition of killing the enemy and serving the country from an early age. He studied tirelessly since he was a child, and he was able to write poetry at the age of twelve. He also studied sword and art of war. Around the age of twenty-five, he learned a lot from a patriotic poet, and he benefited a lot. From then on, the patriotic tone of his poetry creation was determined.
In the twenty-third year of Shaoxing (1 153), he went to Lin 'an to be a scholar, but he was jealous by Qin Gui because of the "theory of happiness after recovery" and was removed from the list during the second interview. It was not until three years after Qin Gui's death (1 158) that it became the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou. At the beginning of his reign, Song Xiaozong was summoned and given the background of Jinshi. He has served as a judge in Zhenjiang and Kuizhou, participated in the shogunate of Wang Yan and Fan Chengda, promoted the tea and salt business in Changping and Jiangnan West Road in Fujian, and won the right to be the magistrate in Yanzhou. During the Guangzong period, except for discussing doctors in North Korea, the ritual department was all doctors. After the disintegration, he returned to his hometown of Old Yin Shan. He "mingled with the old peasants", sent doctors and medicines to the peasants, and forged a deep friendship with them. In the second year of Jiading (12 10), an 85-year-old poet passed away with the regret of "wishing he could not see the Central Plains before his death". He was born in an era of sharp ethnic contradictions and precarious national situation. He was determined to "sweep away Chen Hu" and "quell the national disaster" with his heroic spirit of "fighting with an iron horse and swallowing Land Rover" and the spirit of sacrifice of "serving the country and dying". However, in the political struggle, he was repeatedly excluded and hit by the imperial capitulationists. However, he firmly adhered to his ideal.
He created a lot of works in his life. Today, there are nearly 10,000 songs with a wide range of topics and rich contents. There are also 130 words, and a lot of essays. Among them, the achievements of poetry are the most remarkable. In the early stage, most of them were patriotic poems, which were magnificent and bold. In the later period, most of them were pastoral poems with beautiful and plain style. The most striking feature of his poems is strong patriotism. Most of his poems are elegant and graceful, but there are also many impassioned works full of tragic and patriotic passion. Jin Mao's "Postscript on the Poems of Releasing Weng" said: "Yang Yongxiu (cautiously) said:' The poems of releasing Weng are as beautiful as Huaihai (Qin Guan) and as magnificent as the eastern slope. "It's more like Jiaxuan's ears to be super cool." His prose achievements are also very high, and he was promoted to be a master of the Southern Song Dynasty by his predecessors. Most of the political essays, historical records, travel notes, prefaces and postscripts written are concise in language and orderly in structure.
Lu You is an outstanding representative of patriotic poetry school. His works have strong patriotism and outstanding artistic achievements, and occupy an important position in the history of China literature. He inherited and folded the fine traditions of realism and romanticism in classical poetry, which had a far-reaching influence on the literary world at that time and later.