Ancient poetry: including ancient poetry (poetry before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poetry. Poems in ancient poetry genres such as "song", "gexing", "yin", "qu" and "yin" also belong to ancient poetry. Ancient poetry does not focus on antithesis and rhymes more freely. The development trajectory of ancient poetry: "The Book of Songs" → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties folk songs → Jian'an poetry → Tao Shi and other literati five-character poems → the ancient style and new Yuefu of the Tang Dynasty.
①Chu Ci style: It is a poetry form created by Qu Yuan of Chu State during the Warring States Period. It is characterized by the use of Chu dialect and rhyme, and has a strong Chu flavor. The "Chu Ci" edited by Liu Xiang of the Eastern Han Dynasty has seventeen chapters, mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and Qu Yuan's works include "Li Sao" as his representative work. Therefore, later generations also called "Chu Ci style" and "Sao style".
②Yuefu: Originally the name of the official office in charge of music during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it later became the name of the poetic style. The music and songs collected and composed by the Yuefu official office in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties are referred to as Yuefu for short. Although the poems written by poets in the Wei, Jin, Tang and later dynasties were not included in Yuefu, they also became Yuefu and Yuefu. Such as "Chile Song", "Mulan Poetry" and "Dan Ge Xing" (Cao Cao). Generally speaking, some titles of Yuefu poems include "ge", "line", "yin", "qu", "yin", etc.
③Ge Xing style: It is a variation of Yuefu poetry. There are many Yuefu poems after the Han and Wei Dynasties titled "ge" or "xing". Although the two have different names, there is actually no strict difference. They both mean "song". Their syllables and rhythms are generally relatively free and the form is relatively free. It adopts the ancient style of five-character, seven-character, and miscellaneous words, which is full of changes. Later, there was the "Ge Xing" style. In the Tang Dynasty, poets in the early Tang Dynasty wrote Yuefu poems. In addition to using the old Yuefu titles of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, a few poets also created new titles. Although the title was Yuefu, it was not limited to the rhythm, so it was called New Yuefu. This type of poetry developed greatly by Li Bai and Du Fu. For example, Du Fu's "Sorrowful Chen Tao", "Ai Jiangtou", "War Chariots" and "Beautiful Women", as well as many of Bai Juyi's works, adopt the Yuefu song style, and most of them use three or seven words in a mixed manner. Modern poetry: Compared with ancient poetry, modern poetry is also called modern poetry. It is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. It is divided into two types. There are strict regulations on the number of words, the number of sentences, the level and rhyme, etc.
① "Queju", each poem has four sentences, the five-character one is abbreviated as Wujue, and the seven-character one is abbreviated as Qijue.
② "Lv poetry" has eight lines each. Five-character poems are called Wulu for short, seven-character poems are called Qilv for short, and those with more than eight lines are called Pailu (or long law).
The rhythm of verse poetry is very strict. The chapters have definite sentences (except for the rhythm), the sentences have definite characters, the rhymes have positioning (the rhyme positions are fixed), and the words have definite tones (the flat and oblique tones of each word in the poem are fixed ), the couplets have definite pairs (the two couplets in the middle of the verse must be in opposition). For example, rhythmic poetry originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Each four-part couplet has eight sentences. Each sentence must have the same number of words. It can be four- or five-rhyme. The two middle couplets must be in opposition. The second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines rhyme. The sentence can be pledged or not. If the verses are laid out and extended to more than ten sentences based on the fixed patterns of the verses, it is called rhythm arrangement. Except for the first and last couplets, the upper and lower sentences need to be in opposition, and there are also opposite sentences in every other sentence, which is called "fan pair". For another example, quatrains are only four sentences and two couplets, also known as quatrains, truncated sentences, and broken sentences. They all have certain requirements for level, rhyme, and antithesis. ① Narrative poetry: The poem has a relatively complete storyline and characters, usually expressed in the poet's passionate singing style. Epic poems, story poems, verse novels, etc. all belong to this category. Epics such as "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" by Homer of ancient Greece; story poems such as "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" by Chinese poet Li Ji; poetic novels such as "Don Juan" by British poet Byron, and "Don Juan" by Russian poet Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
②Lyric poetry: mainly reflects social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require the description of complete storylines and characters. Such as love songs, odes, elegies, elegy, pastoral and satire. There are many such works and it is not possible to list them all.
Of course, narrative and lyricism are not completely separated. Narrative poetry also has a certain degree of lyricism, but its lyricism must be closely integrated with the narrative. Lyric poems also often narrate certain segments of life, but they cannot be extended and should be subject to the needs of lyricism. ①Metrical poetry: It is poetry written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict regulations on the number of lines of poems, the number of words (or syllables) in poems, tones and rhymes, word antithesis, sentence arrangement, etc. For example, the "rhymed poems", "quatrains", "ci" and "qu" in ancient Chinese poetry, European "Sonnets".
②Free verse: It is a poetry style newly developed in Europe and America in modern times. It is not restricted by meter, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and inner rhythm, rhymes with roughly similar rhymes or no rhymes, has a relatively free number of words, lines, sentence patterns, and tones, and the language is relatively popular. The American poet Whitman (1819-1892) is the founder of European and American free verse, and "Leaves of Grass" is his main collection of poems. This style of poetry has also been popular since the May 4th Movement in my country.
③ Prose poetry: It is a literary genre that has the characteristics of both prose and poetry. The works have poetic artistic conception and passion, are often philosophical, focus on natural rhythm and musical beauty, are short in length, and have no lines or rhymes like prose, such as Lu Xun's "Wild Grass".