I don't know if it will satisfy you, I hope it will help you ~
First, an overview of the development of China's poetry:
1 pre-Qin: rhyme-the book of songs; The Songs of Chu
Non-verse prose
2 Han dynasty: verse-Han fu (ancient fu, great fu); Classical poetry (literati); Yuefu (folk)
Non-verse prose
3 Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Rhyme and Parallel Prose (Fu Xiao)
Non-verse parallel prose
4 Sui and Tang Dynasties: Rhyme-Modern Poetry
5 Song Dynasty: Rhyme-Ci
Non-verse ancient prose
6 yuan: Rhyme.
7 Ming and Qing Dynasties: Non-verse-Eight-part essay
8 Modern Times: verse-new poetry; Modern lyrics
Non-verse vernacular
Second, the basic concepts of China's poetry:
1 The Book of Songs and Chuci
The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are the earliest collections of China's two poems. They were all written in the pre-Qin period and later collected, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Therefore, there are also sayings of the Book of Songs and the Songs of the South (Sao).
In contrast, The Book of Songs abides by the standard of form, while Chu Ci is less restrained. In terms of skills, The Book of Songs tends to show scenes, express tactfully and describe vividly. And Chu Ci is relatively rich in imagination and free in thought, and often expresses strong feelings directly. The author of The Book of Songs is almost impossible to research. According to the content of music, it can be divided into three types: wind, elegance and ode. The common creative techniques are Fu, Bi and Xing. The famous authors of Chu Ci are Qu Yuan and Song Yu.
The masterpiece of The Book of Songs is a national style, and the masterpiece of Songs of the South is Li Sao, so later generations often call all poems Sao.
2 Yuefu poems
Yuefu poetry prevailed in the Han Dynasty, and after three kingdoms and two Jin Dynasties, it still developed greatly in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Yuefu is characterized by music, so the Yuefu poems handed down now are actually original words, and the style is more based on the needs of music. The more famous Yuefu poems include Mulan Ci, Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulberry on the Stranger, Evil on the Stranger and so on. Until after the Tang Dynasty, there were still many poets who wrote Yuefu songs, such as Guan Shanyue by Li Bai and Song of the Frontier by Wang Changling.
However, with the gradual loss of ancient music scores, the ancient Yuefu gradually lost its influence, but the practice of matching songs with words was still widely circulated and became the word of later generations. Due to the influence of Yuefu, later generations sometimes refer to Ci as Yuefu. For example, Su Shi's famous ci collection is called Dongpo Yuefu.
Three words
The appearance of ci is closely related to Yuefu. With the gradual loss of the latter music, Ci gradually replaced Yuefu as the mainstream poetry.
The difference between them is that Yuefu is much earlier than Ci. Secondly, the names of Yuefu music and stele are different; Thirdly, many aphorisms appeared in the early days to match the original poems, which was contrary to the fact that Yuefu had songs before words.
The similarity between the two is that they are both written for music, so they must conform to the format and characteristics of the selected music, and the author cannot change or create new Yuefu or epigraph at will.
4-character
Fu inherited Chu Ci, which was the most popular in Han Dynasty.
The biggest difference between poetry and poetry is that it is not concise, and there is no limit to the number of words and length. Fu's rhetoric is gorgeous and his description is luxurious, which requires extremely high literary accomplishment of the author and readers. Moreover, Fu pays great attention to the details of rhyme, and even in the Tang Dynasty, the so-called Rhyme Fu appeared briefly. It is precisely because of its emphasis on format that, like parallel prose, it was opposed by the ancient prose movement in the Tang and Song Dynasties and gradually lost its influence. There is also a part of Fu that absorbs the characteristics of prose, which is called Wen Fu. Although the rhyming and antithesis methods of ancient fu and Nuo fu are still used, the format is relatively loose and there are fewer restrictions on the author.
5 ancient poetry
Classical poetry originally refers to non-musical poetry before the Tang Dynasty, which, in contrast to modern poetry, together with Yuefu poetry, constitutes three categories of China ancient poetry in a narrow sense.
After the formation of modern poetry, there are still quite a few poets who like to create in ancient style. These poems are also called archaic poems or archaic poems, which are different from modern poems that obey metrical rules.
6 modern poetry
Modern poetry is a style of poetry that appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the Tang Dynasty.
Its characteristic is to pay attention to meter, that is, to standardize poetry includes four factors: word number, level tone, rhyme and antithesis. Only five types of modern poems are allowed, namely, five-sentence poems, seven-sentence poems, five-rhyme poems, seven-rhyme poems and arranged poems.
The development of modern poetry began in the Southern Dynasties. During the Liu and Song Dynasties, Bao Zhao, Yan Yanzhi, Xie Lingyun and others tried to adjust the level tone and highlight the rhythm, which was for the sake of "Yuanjia style". In the era of Xiao Qi, the rules became stricter, with Shen Yue, Xie Tiao, Ren Fang and other "Eight Friends of Jingling" as the representatives, known as "Yongming Style". Until the early Tang Dynasty, the form of modern poetry was basically realized.
Judging from the works such as Shi Ge circulating today, there is still a gap between the meter of the early Tang Dynasty and the cognition of later generations, and there are many attempts to adjust the meter, which has not yet been finalized. By Shen Quan and Song Dynasty, the rhyme and meter were complete. Shen Quanqi is good at seven laws, and Song is good at five laws. Later, the discussion on rhyming, leveling and antithesis gradually became consistent. In the early Tang dynasty, the style of writing was beautiful, and there was still a legacy of the Six Dynasties. Chen Ziang and Zhang Jiuling became popular gradually, which laid the poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In the early Tang Dynasty, both meter and style gradually formed a new style, and entered the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which became the golden age of China's classical poetry. The so-called golden age is specifically from the formal aesthetic feeling and lyrical style, which is also the characteristic of many commentators on Tang poetry. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier fortress, pastoral poetry and other styles and themes were extremely prosperous, and Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were the representatives of pastoral poetry style. Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wang Zhihuan and others are good at frontier fortress themes.
In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to the poet Li Bai and the poet Du Fu.
7 parallel prose
Parallel prose is another kind of poetic style. At first, it mainly emphasized duality. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it absorbed the characteristics of Han Fu and began to pay more attention to rhyme. The style becomes more and more introverted, and often becomes a work with only good appearance and no substantive content. After the ancient prose movement, it gradually lost its influence.
8 songs
Yuanqu is the latest form of ancient poetry.
Although there are still some elements such as rhyme and music, the achievements of Yuan Zaju are far more than Sanqu. In fact, it has developed into practical functions such as telling independent stories, and gradually separated from the category of verse. Yuanqu had a far-reaching influence on novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties and various schools of Quyi opera.
Third, the historical process of China's poetry:
Early Poetry: Many ethnic groups of human beings have produced poetic forms suitable for their own language in the development of language.
1 The earliest collection of poems in China is The Book of Songs, in which the earliest poems were written in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and the latest works were written in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
During the Warring States Period, the languages of Huaxia and Baiyue nationalities in southern Chu gradually merged, and its poetry collection "Songs of Chu" broke through some formal restrictions in the Book of Songs and better reflected the characteristics of southern languages.
3 Ancient poems in Han Dynasty
Yuefu poetry was formed in the Han Dynasty. Yuefu poetry is sung with music, which is equivalent to the current lyrics. This kind of Yuefu poetry is called Qu, Ci, Song and Xing. During the Three Kingdoms period, the poetry works represented by Jian 'an literature absorbed the nutrition of Yuefu poetry, which laid the foundation for later modern poetry with more rigorous meter.
4 Modern Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties
In the Tang Dynasty, four quatrains and eight metrical poems appeared in China's poems. Rhyme and rhyme are balanced, and the balance and antithesis of each sentence are regular. The quatrains are a little looser.
In addition, the words that reached their peak in the Song Dynasty are also an important form of poetry. The format of words should follow some fixed aphorisms, so as to sing with music.
5 later development
Since the Yuan Dynasty, the golden age of China's poetry has gradually passed, and his literary creation has gradually turned to drama, novels and other forms.
6 Modern part (19 17- 1949)
From the early 20th century to the 1920s.
Representative poets in the 1920s: Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo, Mu, Feng Zhi.
19 17 In February, New Youth published Hu Shi's Eight Vernacular Poems, and modern poetry was born. The following year, Hu Shi's Liu Bannong and Shen's Vernacular Poetry were published again.
1920 In March, Hu Shi's Trial Collection was published, and a new collection of personal poems appeared for the first time in the history of China literature. Since then, more poets have begun to write vernacular poems.
192 1 July Literature Research Association: The earliest literary society in the New Literature Movement was established, with Lu Xun, Bing Xin, Zhu Ziqing and Zhou Zuoren as representative poets.
192 1 July Creation Society/Early Romanticism: Guo Moruo and others founded the Creation Society, which had a tendency of aestheticism and lyricism in the early stage, and then Feng Naichao and others participated.
1922 March Lake Poets: Ying Xiuren, Wang Jingzhi, Pan Mohua and Feng Xuefeng formed a poetry club in Hangzhou, forming a lakeside poetry school in history.
1923 New Metric Poetry School/Crescent School: Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Chen Yuan and others set up Crescent Society to advocate modern metrical poetry.
1925 early symbolism poetry schools in China: influenced by French symbolism, early symbolism poetry schools in China, represented by Li Jinfa, appeared.
the 1930s
Representative poets in 1930s: Lin, Dai Wangshu, Li Guangtian, Ai Qing, Bian, He Qifang, Nanxing, Xin Di, Qin Zihao and Ji Xian.
1932 "Modern: Modern" magazine was founded in Shanghai and became an important publication for poets to publish their poems, edited by Shi Zhecun.
1935 China modernism: evolved from crescent school and early symbolism school in China. Sun Zuoyun put forward the concept of modernism for the first time, with Dai Wangshu and Bian as representative poets.
1936 Three Poets of Hanyuan: Bian, He Qifang and Li Guangtian published The Collection of Hanyuan, so they are called "Three Poets of Hanyuan".
June and July School 1937: In July (edited by Hu Feng), a number of poets appeared in magazines and series such as Hope, with Ai Qing as the representative.
In the 1940s.
Representative poets in the 1940s: Chen, Du, Mu Dan, Luo Ji, Tang Qi, Yuan Kejia, Tu An.
/kloc-China New Poetry School in the middle and late 1940s: poets who published their works in Poetry Creation and China New Poetry, including Du Mudan Xie Yun and others.
/kloc-Nine Leaves Poetry School in the 1940s: a poetry school composed of Mu Dan, Du Fu, Yuan Kejia, Xin Di, Chen, Hang Yuehe, Tang Qi, etc. His works include Nine Leaves Collection.
7 Contemporary part (1950-)
In the 1950s.
In 1950s, Zhou Mengdie Yangling, Ye Fangsi, Yu Guangzhong, Luo Fu Luo Men, Rong Ya, Xian Chang Yao, Ling Lin 65438+China Realism in 1950s: Since 1950s, a large number of realistic poems have been published in national newspapers, with representative poets including Li Ying, Guo Xiaochuan and Gong Liu.
1February, 953 Modern Poetry Quarterly: Modern poetry was founded by Ji Xian, and Yang Jiaolin, Yang, and others participated in the publication of poetry.
1954 Blue Star Poetry Society: Yu Guangzhong and others established the Blue Star Poetry Society, with Qin Zihao, Zhong Dingwen, Yu Guangzhong, Roman and Zi Rong as the representative poets.
1954 10 Genesis Poetry Society: Love, Zhang Mo and Yaxian launched Genesis Poetry Society to publish Genesis Poetry.
1956 modernist poetry group/neo-modernism: Ji Xianlin called on his colleagues in the poetry circle to form modernism to advocate neo-modernism, and set off the free poetry movement and the modern poetry movement.
1957 65438+ October Poetry Magazine: a professional literary publication founded by Cang Kejia and other poets.
1957 65438+ October Star: Star was founded in Chengdu and became one of the most influential poetry journals at that time.
In the 1960s.
In the 1960s, he represented the forefinger of poets, Ren Hongyuan, Yang Mu and Ye.
The 1970s.
In the 1970s, Munk Duoduo, who represented the poet North Island, was strict with Liang's view of Gu Cheng.
/kloc-misty poetry in the 1970s: At the end of 1970s, a large number of outstanding poets in China published modern imagery poems with new styles, forming the so-called misty poetry school.
1978 65438+ Today February: Munk Kitajima and others founded today and published the works of obscure poets such as Munk River in Gucheng, Kitajima.
/kloc-Baiyangdian poetry group in the 0' s and 970' s: it belongs to obscure poetry group. Baiyangdian is an educated youth spot where the children of senior officials in Hebei gather, and the representative poet is Munk Dogan.
/kloc-China's neo-realism in the late 1970s: Neo-realistic poems published in Poetry Magazine and Star, represented by Ye Yanbin Liushahe and Fu Tianlin.
In the 1980s.
Representative poets in the 1980s: Zhou Lunyou, Wang Xiaoni, Ouyang, Liao Yiwu, Sun Dean, Luo Yihe, Meng Lang, Chen Dongdong Sunset, Yang Zhanglizao, Li Yawei Xichuan Haizi Xiaohai.
/kloc-New Frontier Poetry School in the 1980s: Chang Yao and others formed the "New Frontier Poetry School" on the platform of Green Wind, mainly singing in the west.
65438+ 1980 College Students' Poetry School: In the 1980s, an unprecedented wave of poetry was set off in colleges and universities in China, and the college students' poetry creation team had four echelons.
From 1982 to 1986, the third generation/new generation/post-new poetry tide: after the former hazy poets, a large number of new generation poets with more modern consciousness appeared in China.
1984 barbarism: Li Yawei and others founded the irrational counterculture school of barbarism poetry, with Li Yawei, sunset glow, Hu Dong and Ma Song as the representative figures.
1984 holism: Shi Guanghua, Song Qu, Yang and others founded holism poetry school, and the main activity time was between 1985- 1989.
1April, 1984, the maritime poetry school: the "maritime" (the word comes from the inversion of "Shanghai") poetry school was established in Shanghai, and its members included Wang Yin Meng Lang, Liu Manliu and Chen Dongdong.
1July, 984 Yuanmingyuan Poetry Society: Beijing poets set up Yuanmingyuan Poetry Society and founded their own poetry publication Yuanmingyuan, with members including Heilongjiang University and Di Xingtian.
1February, 985, coquetry: Jing and Silent set up a coquetry poetry club in Shanghai, and founded a poetry magazine "coquetry", which was joined by Hutong and Menglang.
1985 their poetry group in the spring: their establishment became an important symbol of the rise of the third generation of poetry groups, and Yu Jian and Han Dong became the representative poets of the third generation.
May Ugly Stone Poetry Group 1985: Chou Shi was born in Xiapu, Fujian, and later developed into a national folk poetry newspaper.
65438+May 0986 Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non-Non
1987 single-line poetry club: Yan Li founded the single-line poetry club in new york, published the poetry magazine "Single Line" and served as the editor-in-chief.
/kloc-deified writing in the 1980s: a poem based on absolute spirit, whose representative poets are Haizi, Luo Yihe and Goer.
1987 Xinxiang local poetry school: Hunan poet Di Jiang, Peng Guoliang and Chen Huifang launched Xinxiang local poetry school movement, and published "The End of the Century Pastoral" and other publications.
The 1990s.
Representative poets in the 1990s: Li Shiyang Shengyuan Ma Yongbo Cang Di Shu Cai Sha Yi Yu Wu Nu Chen Jun Gomai Sang Lan Ke Xidu Yang Jian Xu Jiang Anqi Sun Leimu Duo Kang Cheng Duo Yu Huxu Dongwu Ang Fan Xiang Liao Weitang Shen Haobo Lu Ye Malan Pang Pei Song Fei Yang Xiaobin Zhang Ping.
265438+Early 20th century
In February, 2000, the website Poetic Life: Poetic Life China Poetry was founded by Lyle Sang Ke and others.
March 2000 "Poetic Jianghu": The website "Poetic Jianghu" was founded by Nan et al.
Selected Poems in 2000: Selected Poems magazine was founded, formerly known as Poet God, which was founded in 1985.
April 2006 5438+0 Or Poetry Magazine: The electronic publication of Or Poetry Magazine was founded by Xiao Yinduo and others.
200 1 poem newspaper: the website of poem newspaper was founded by Yu Huai Yu and others.
In July, 2000, lower body writing: Shen Haobo and others founded the poetry magazine "The Lower Body". Since then, lower body writing has become a genre of poetry, which has caused constant controversy.
The Absurd School at the end of 200 1: Pray for the country to fly to Shayuan Village. Konoha and Zhang Xiaoyun set up the Absurd Poetry Experimental Group, and the Absurd Poetry School was born.
Spiritual Poetry 200 1 End of the year: Blue Tiger Poetry Salon, a Beijing poetry magazine, put forward a poetry theory with spirituality as the core of poetry theory (see Crying Empty).
New Jiangxi Poetry School in 2002: The New Jiangxi Poetry School was mainly formed by the New Jiangxi Poetry School edited by Tan Wuchang Yun Teng and other publications of new Jiangxi poets.
In September 2002, the poetry pioneer: Chen Xiaomeng and others set up the poetry pioneer website.
In September 2002, the Third Road: Lin Tongji Dharma founded the Third Road.
In March 2003, garbage school: Pi Dan and others founded garbage school and published the online publication of Beijing Review.
In May 2003, the New Poetry Generation: A comprehensive website of Chinese poetry of the New Poetry Generation was established, with Tsunami as the editor-in-chief.
2003 165438+ October Qiushi. com: Fujian Xie Yixing Liu founded Qiushi. com, and "Qiushi" went online from then on.
Post-80s in 2003: Poets appeared in the field of poetry after 80s. In 2003, "Selected Poems" and "Straits" were officially published as special issues for post-80s poets.
Collected from Wikipedia and China Poetry Library.
Finishing from Zhao Xue, Zhan Lu