Zheng Kelu Edition Foreign Literature History After-class Answer?

Homer, what's the problem? A: The core of "Homer Problem" is the author and formation of the history of poetry. For thousands of years, "Homer's Epic" is generally considered to be written by Homer, but since ancient Greece, some people have doubted its author. Up to now, the author has been basically denied as Homer's Epic, thinking that this book was written by many people instead of one person. On the view of fate in Oedipus the King. A: King Oedipus shows the conflict between man and fate. In Sophocles' view, Oedipus ran around trying to control his own destiny in order to escape the bad luck of killing his father and marrying his mother, which is worthy of recognition and praise. However, his struggle failed, and fate made such an excellent figure a sinner. Therefore, he questioned the justice and rationality of fate. This kind of affirmation of the hero who fought against fate and objective doubt of the rationality of fate are the characteristics of the democratic consciousness of the slave owners in Athens during the political ups and downs. In the face of sharp social contradictions, the free men in Athens, on the one hand, believed in their own strength, on the other hand, felt confused and helpless about the social crisis, showing strong grief and indignation. On the ideological significance of Don Quixote. A: Don Quixote is an anti-feudal masterpiece. With profound contents, typical characters and bitter satire, it attacked and mocked the decadent and absurd chivalry system and popular chivalry novels, and vividly showed that knights' spears and armor had entered the historical exhibition hall, and they would be violently impacted under the wheel of the times. In fact, after the novel came out, the knight novel disappeared in Spain. The novel provides a broad picture of Spain's social, political, economic and moral life from the end of 16 to the beginning of 17, exposing the arrogance and extravagance of feudal nobles, the corruption and bribery of bureaucratic yamen, and reflecting the miserable life of the people under feudal rule. The novel provides a lot of reference for future generations in the shaping of typical characters. Although there are only two main characters in the book: Don Quixote and Sancho, their experiences as rangers are clues and reflect the broad social life. Don Quixote is synonymous with this kind of characters because of his personality characteristics of being divorced from reality and being blind and reckless, but his humanistic ideal and spirit of going forward for realizing his ideal are touching and worthy of recognition. Neither he nor Sancho is a typical figure. On the development of hemingway's thought. A: Hemingway is a bourgeois writer with democratic thoughts and a representative of the "lost generation". Hemingway's thought is closely related to war. In his youth, he participated in the First World War with great enthusiasm, but the war left him with serious physical, psychological, spiritual and emotional trauma, which made him feel disillusioned. He hates war, but he can't stop it. He can't see hope, but he won't give up hope. This is the ideological basis of his literary works of the "lost generation". The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms show his confusion. During the Spanish Civil War in 1930s, Hemingway revived his fighting spirit and went to the front line of the anti-fascist struggle. The depression and confusion in the early stage have been overcome. He recognized the essence of war and faced death bravely. For Whom the Bell Tolls is a literary reflection of this change. In the subsequent World War II, he still maintained a strong will to fight. But he can't see the power of the people, but he believes in personal heroism, so he is pessimistic about the future of the world and the fate of mankind. In 1950s, Hemingway suffered from various diseases and was depressed. He regards life as a lonely and spiritual duel, and thinks that although the result of duel is inevitable, he should bravely face failure. His thoughts and feelings are directly reflected in his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea in his later years. On the ideological content of decameron as the first realistic work in Europe. A: Boccaccio's decameron stories come from different sources. Some are based on historical events, some are based on folk literature, some are based on oriental stories, and some are created by writers. The writer recreated these stories with humanism, which widely reflected the social life at that time and was considered as the first realistic literary work in Europe. Its ideological content is mainly manifested in: First, praise love and oppose asceticism. The author regards love as an important and natural noble emotion, and everyone has the right to enjoy it. He praised the power of love, which can make fools wise; He praised the love that never dies, and true love can break through all feudal traps; He opposed door-to-door and arranged marriage, and thought that "only morality is the standard to distinguish human beings". Especially in The Story of the Fourth Day, the love story between the hero and heroine Chisca and Simonda on horseback is even more touching and has a strong anti-feudal significance. Secondly, it satirizes, exposes and criticizes the hypocrisy, cunning and stupidity of the church and feudal monarch and minister. The author boldly exposed the corruption of the church with a pungent style, tore the sacred coat of the church and exposed their sins in broad daylight. Third, praise women's talents and publicize gender equality. The author thinks that women are neither the virgin nor the devil, but living people with the same personality, ability and wisdom as men, which reflects the respect for women's personality. Briefly describe the creative characteristics of lev tolstoy. A: Tolstoy's creation has distinct characteristics: First, the theme is serious and profound. Autobiographical techniques are often used to express the author's exploration of morality, religion, society and life. Secondly, he made great contributions to the development of realism and fully explored the authenticity of literature at a higher level. From the beginning, he took truth as his creative principle. He abandoned all accidental and fantasy factors in his creation, and everything was reflected in strict accordance with the true colors of life, without whitewashing. Thirdly, his other great contribution to realism is that he greatly developed the excavation of the inner world of characters. He always pays attention to reflecting the changes of people's personality and thoughts through psychological changes. He is most interested in "the psychological process itself, the form and law of this process, expressed in a specific term, is the dialectics of the mind." Fourthly, in depicting characters, he pays attention to writing characters with various personalities, rather than writing characters with a single personality. In his works, there are neither absolute good people nor absolute bad people. Even his favorite heroes, he doesn't beautify them, but starts from the reality of life, writes down some shortcomings of them, and never absolutes their personalities. Fifth, be good at using contrast, irony and metaphor; Pay attention to detail description and portrait description; Pay attention to the significance and accuracy of language, especially the simplicity; The natural scenery in his works is true, accurate and full of vitality, which is an important factor affecting the changes of characters' thoughts and feelings and the development of their personalities. ..... Briefly describe the ideological significance of dead souls. A: Dead Soul can be said to be the history of the decline of the serf-owner class during the collapse of Russian serfdom. Its value lies not only in its description and revelation of the inevitable collapse trend of autocratic serfdom through the image of the sick feudal aristocratic serf-owners, but also in its image description of the bourgeoisie who took to the emerging social stage with blood, as well as its profound criticism and satire on the inherent predatory nature and money worship of this class. The writer's exposure and criticism did not stop at superficial description and abstract analysis, but created a series of vivid artistic models and described the social environment of these typical lives in detail. How to understand the realistic artistic achievements of Don Quixote's image? A: Don Quixote's image is not unilateral, but multifaceted; Not static, but developing. The development of Don Quixote's character from ecstasy to sobriety is also unprecedented. The characters in previous works are all like this, and Don Quixote's achievements have a great influence on later literature. Briefly describe Faust's most prominent characteristics in characterization. A: Create characters in a dialectical way. Faust is the unity of opposites between spirit and flesh, while Mephistopheles is the unity of opposites between evil and good. Contradiction and contrast are used to describe the group image. Heaven emperor and devil are the contrast between reason and lust; Faust and Mephisto fellers are the contrast between man and devil. Faust and Margaret are the contrast between intellectuals and natural persons. On the profound connotation of Catch-22 in Catch-22 by Heller, a representative writer of black humor. Answer: ① "Catch-up" itself is a kind of high abstraction and concentration, symbolizing the mysterious power to rule the world in the dark, unpredictable and unfathomable; (2) As a catch, it is mandatory; It adopts contradictory reasoning logic, which contains sinister intentions in specious; Its essence is a universal trap, a dilemma that can never be got rid of, and a modern westerner's feeling of the world. To sum up, "Catch-22" refers to a trap, a trap, which implies a specious and absurd situation. As a universal metaphor of existence, it points directly at the existing situation of the contemporary world, symbolizes an organized chaos and rational absurdity, and symbolizes a rule that is invisible but universal in post-modern society. What are the new features of modern European and American literature in the 20th century? A: The literature of this period inherited the realistic literature of the19th century, reflected the reality, publicized the humanitarian tradition, reflected the complicated class and economic relations, reflected the sufferings of the weak and the process of building a new life, opposed the imperialist war, called for human peace, supported the weak and weak nationalities, and played an important role in the international political arena. Literature in this period paid more attention to the exploration of human spirit and personality, the heavy pressure of material on spirit, and the feeling of pessimism, boredom and loss with the loss of traditional beliefs and values, especially to writing the complex inner world of sensitive intellectuals. In art, the writers of this period still adhere to the realistic principle that literature reflects the times and pay attention to the integrity and coherence of plot structure, image and language, but they also absorb many modernist expressions, such as symbolism, absurdity, stream of consciousness and multi-level interchange structure, and learn some useful methods from other art forms (such as movies, television and news reports). Writers with outstanding achievements often combine realism with modernism. A brief introduction to surrealist literature. A: (1) The modernist school of literature, which rose in France after World War I, has followers all over the world, including Brighton, Aragon, Ai Lvya and Cocteau. (2) Surrealism developed from Dadaism and pursued a typical nihilistic attitude in thought and art; (3) They should express ideas that transcend all aesthetics and morality, take the subconscious as the main source of their works, and focus on describing dreams, hallucinations, energy, delirium and hysteria; The school is committed to liberating the mind from the shackles of daily words and images, implementing automatic writing method, and randomly piecing together the words and fragments flashed in the mind. His creative ideas and literary practice have influenced modernist literature, including after World War II. ……