Nanlu · A flower does not help the old
"Nanlu · A flower does not help the old" is a Yuan song written by the opera writer Guan Hanqing of the Yuan Dynasty.
Title of the work
Nanlu · A flower never fades into old age
Era of creation
Yuan Dynasty
Literary genre
Yuan Opera
Author
Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing [Nanlu·Yizhihua] "Bu Fu Lao"
< p> Flowers climb out of the wall, and the willow branches and branches are folded near the road; the flowers climb with tender red stamens, and the willows fold with soft green strips. The prodigal is romantic. With my hand in breaking willows and climbing flowers, the flowers and willows have been destroyed. I spent half my life breaking willows and climbing flowers, and I spent the rest of my life sleeping in flowers and sleeping in willows.〔Liangzhou〕I am a universal leader, the leader of the world's prodigal sons. May the beauty remain the same as before, enjoy the flowers and forget your worries in the wine. Dividing tea and bamboo, playing horses and Tibetan lots, mastering the five tones and six rhythms, I feel so idle and sad! Accompanied by the girl with a silver zither, she is holding a silver zither in front of the silver platform and smiling against the silver screen. Accompanied by the jade angel, holding jade hands and jade shoulders, climbing the jade tower together. Accompanied by the golden hairpin guest, singing with golden threads, clinging to golden bottles, Full of gold. You said, I am old and need to take a break! Occupying the first place in the ostentation and fame, I am more exquisite and clear. I am a handsome man in the Jinzhen and Huaying capitals, and I have traveled around the country.
[At the end] Each of my children is a thatched hillock, a nest of sand, a newborn rabbit and a lamb, walking towards the paddock; I am an old pheasant with green feathers who is shrouded in a rope and net, and can trample The horses are ripe. After passing through many bows and cold arrows, I never fell behind. It’s just that when a person reaches middle age, everything comes to an end. How could I waste my time in this life?
〔End〕I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, boiled, pounded, stir-fried, or cracked; no matter who teaches you how to dig into it, it will keep on hoeing and cannot be pruned. , can't be untied, can't be taken off, slow-moving Thousand Layer Brocade Pullover. I played Liang Yuanyue, drank Tokyo wine, admired Luoyang flowers, and climbed Zhangtai willow. I can also play Go, play Cuju, play siege, gag, sing and dance, play bombs, swallow, recite poems, and Shuanglu. You have lost my teeth, crooked my mouth, and crippled me. My legs are broken, my hands are broken, and God has given me such evil symptoms, but I still refuse to let go! Unless the King of Hell personally calls, the gods and ghosts come and cut off, the three souls return to the underworld, and the seven souls die in the dark, my God, in the meantime, we will not go down the road of fireworks!
"Don't Surrender to the Old" is a famous suite with a self-narrative nature. It has a deep charm and wild momentum. The poet's unique personality can be seen in the crystal clear emotional waves. Therefore, It has always been praised by people and is regarded as the representative work of Guan Hanqing's Sanqu.
According to the text, this suite was composed after middle age. At that time, the Yuan and Mongolian aristocrats discriminated against Han scholars. The war caused people's life to be bumpy, and the abolition of the imperial examination also blocked As a result, most of the intellectuals in the early Yuan Dynasty were underappreciated for their talents and "repressed their subordinates", falling to the level of "eight prostitutes, nine scholars and ten beggars". At a time when the literati group was rapidly dividing, Guan Hanqing chose his own independent lifestyle; especially the vicissitudes of time and the experience of Goulan life made him develop an increasingly mature personality, that is, he was able to break through the "seeking The barrier between the two traditional literati life modes of "official" and "retired"; that is the awe-inspiring righteousness that dares to compare a living person with the entire feudal norm; that is also the embodiment of "the creation of heaven and earth, from ancient times to the present, has its own immortality" "The ghost is there" (Zhong Sicheng's "Preface to the Record of Ghosts") is a new sense of life. It is in this suite that the poet's strokes bring us into such a profound and profound spiritual world.
In the first song [A Flower], the poet uses strong colors to exaggerate the romantic and romantic life of "breaking willows and climbing flowers" and "sleeping flowers and lying in willows". "Climb out the flowers and break the willows on the road." The "flowers out of the wall" and "willows on the road" in the sentence allude to prostitutes. "Climb flowers and break willows" refers to people who are despised by the world. However, the poet consciously kept it in his writing without any cover-up, which precisely reflects his contempt for feudal norms and cynicism towards life. Therefore, in the first nine lines of the poem, the poet actually used six "flowers" and "willows" in one breath. "When climbing flowers, the red pistils are tender, and when folding willows, the green strips are soft." This means: To climb flowers and cut willows, you need tender red pistils and soft green strips.
“With my hand in breaking willows and climbing flowers, I can destroy the flowers and willows.” ——This shows his romantic methods. Obviously, the romantic and indulgent life style in Goulan brothel inevitably reveals some bad habits of the market, but we should also see that the poet's sentiment is essentially a mockery of secular concepts and an affirmation of free life. "The prodigal son is romantic" is his comment on himself. "The prodigal son", which is originally a bohemian image, here has a meaning of being unwilling to be humiliated and going his own way, so the conclusion reads: "I spend half my life breaking willows and climbing flowers, and I spend my whole life sleeping in flowers and sleeping in willows." "Half a lifetime" is a summary of the poet's own career of "promoting excellence without hesitation" ("Preface to Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty"); "one life" expresses his dedicated pursuit in his life.
With the change of tunes, the low tones in the "Overture" suddenly became clear and clear, with a high tone: "I am a benevolent leader all over the world, the leader of the world's prodigal sons." "Langjun" and "liangzi" generally refer to a playboy who hangs out among prostitutes. And doesn’t the secular concept regard it as a derogation, and regard scholars who associate with singing girls as abnormal? Guan Hanqing, on the other hand, turned his disparagement into a compliment and went against the grain, preferring to regard himself as the "leader of the gentry" and the "leader of the prodigal son group".
It is not difficult to find that in this seemingly humorous and risqué work, there is clearly a mockery of the dark reality and an exaltation of the value of one's own existence. However, the inhumane encounters in reality have, after all, produced "a lot of wine and a lot of sorrow and resentment" ([Shuangdiao·Xinshuiling]), so "May the beauty remain the same as before, take pleasure in the flowers, and forget the worries in the wine" ". But once you are intoxicated in the free and joyful atmosphere of life, "sharing tea... bamboo (two entertainment games), playing horse and Tibetan lot (two kinds of gambling games), five tones and six rhythms are familiar", you suddenly feel "very idle and sad" Come to my heart?" Then, the poet fully expressed the various lives in the romantic field in three consecutive sentences, as well as the satisfaction and self-satisfaction derived from them: I used to be with the singing girl, playing the zither in front of the dressing table Strings, knowing laughter made us lean on the screen comfortably; I once stayed with the beauty, holding those white hands, it really felt sweet to my heart, we climbed the tall building side by side, how joyful it was; I once made love with the dancing girl Come on, the song "Golden Engraved Clothes" was so touching. I picked up the wine glass and filled it with fine wine. In the poem, the author deliberately chose a cyclical narrative form to passionately display the free and unrestrained interest in life, thus showing his extremely distinctive attitude towards life. For this reason, when someone advised him to "take a break in his old age", the poet categorically denied it: "Occupying the ostentation is more exquisite and clear." title. Obviously, Guan Hanqing regards "occupying ostentation" as the first of "fame and fame", which is no longer an overstatement such as chasing prostitutes, but seriously regards "composing dramas, composing lyrics and music" as his career and ideal. It is precisely based on this that he became "more exquisite and clear" and showed his extremely firm determination to never surrender to old age! However, people do not accept old age, and they will grow older after all. Therefore, the two sentences "child every" in [at the end] faintly reveal a touch of sadness, "Every child is a newborn rabbit in a thatched hill or sandy nest. "I am walking up the paddock (a hunting place, in this case a brothel)", and "I" is already an "old pheasant with green feathers (green feathers, indicating the age of the coat)" that has been "shrouded and caught in the rope net". However, the sadness of this moment quickly disappeared with the impulse of emotion. All these are just "the tip of a cold arrow". The poet "never fell behind others", so although he said "everything will happen when a person reaches middle age" "Hugh", "How can I waste my spring and autumn?" - once again express the poet's firm belief in cherishing time and being willing to devote himself to his ideals!
If the first three songs only reflect the poet's external mentality in the emotional turmoil, then in the [last] song, the unruly emotions reach a climax, and the poet The inner spiritual power comes to people: "I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, boiled, pounded, stir-fried or exploded." "Copper peas" were originally the incisions made by brothels in the Yuan Dynasty to old customers, but here the poet cleverly used puns to modify "copper peas" with five strings of words describing plant beans, thus giving it a tough and unyielding character. , the characteristic of fighting against the world. In these five strings of angrily written characters, it embodies a kind of anxiety and unyielding that cannot be tolerated by the world, emitting a kind of anger and dissatisfaction that collides with traditional norms! When people are devastated and suppressed by reality, the poet's longing for himself will inevitably turn into a sad and helpless mood. The three words "Who taught you" typically express the painful convulsions caused by Guan Hanqing's sympathy for the romantic children and for himself falling into the "jintoutou" (trap, trap) of the brothel. This reminds us of Prometheus who was tied to the Caucasus Mountains. The eagle was pecking at his liver, but he raised his head and roared: "I would rather be tied to a rock than be an obedient slave of Zeus!" The persistence of freedom and the pursuit of life are willing to exchange life! Here, the same spirit is displayed in Guan Hanqing. His anger, his struggle, and his laughter are the echoes of this spirit of not regretting even after nine deaths! It is precisely because of the poet's strong dissatisfaction with the dark social reality and his resolute non-cooperation attitude towards the ruling class that Guan Hanqing used extreme language to praise his entire life as a scholar in the book club: "I can also play Go. , can play Cuju (playing football), can play Wai (playing a game), can play gags (opera moves), can sing and dance, can play bombs, can sing poems, can recite poems, and can play Shuanglu (a kind of chess skill)." In this bold and slightly exaggerated style, in this display of talents and skills, there is actually a kind of pride, a kind of confidence in personal wisdom and strength under the suppression of feudal concepts. At this point, the poet's writing style has changed again, and the emotional tone of the whole song has reached its strongest point based on the heroic feeling: "You just lost my teeth, crooked my mouth, crippled my legs, and broke my hands. God-given I have such bad symptoms and still refuse to give up! Unless the king of hell calls me, the gods and ghosts come to hook me, the three souls return to the underworld, and the seven souls are lost in the underworld. I won’t go down the road of fireworks!" Since he has a firm belief in life, he dares to despise all pain and even death; since life belongs to himself, he should complete his life according to his own ideals and firmly "go on the road of fireworks. Go up." This pursuit of the eternal value of life and the denial of death as the end of the meaning of life are exactly where the witty and optimistic spiritual power of the poem lies.
In terms of art, the biggest feature of this Sanqu is the large number of lining words and the skillful use of parallel sentences and chain sentences, creating an artistic appeal with a strong charm.
For example, in the sentence "You just dropped my teeth" in the song [End], the groups of words flowing forward naturally cause an emotionally exciting rhythm, which is rapid, rough, sonorous, and extremely powerfully expresses the poet's desire to express his emotions. The tenacious determination to "walk on the road of fireworks". The whole song goes straight down, but there are a few twists and turns. The emotional contemplation points such as "temporary rest" and "everything rests" in the three tunes are often the places where the writing fluctuates and the energy darkens. Reading it is like seeing the waves of the Three Gorges. , it has a vigorous, bold and rhythmic beauty.